SU1784134A1 - Heated container - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to vehicles for transporting sensitive cargo, mainly fruits and vegetables, requiring a certain temperature and humidity regime, and can be used for the transportation of these cargo in low ambient temperatures. It is aimed at improving the safety of transported products.

Known refrigerated containers that provide the creation and maintenance of a given temperature regime in the cargo space due to the use of refrigeration units with autonomous power supply, or centralized cooling of air supplied to several containers by a separate refrigeration unit mounted in a vehicle (ship's hold). When maintaining a lower temperature in the cargo space of the container than the ambient temperature, refrigeration units operate in a direct cycle. Otherwise, they work in heat pump mode.

The prototype of the proposed container is a thermal container for storing agricultural products, including a thermally insulated body with a lid, a perforated container for products installed with a gap inside the body, a heater, a temperature control sensor with a control unit, characterized in that in order to maintain the required temperature regime in the entire usable volume , the container is equipped with a heat-conducting casing located along the inner side surface of the housing, an electric heater and a temperature sensor are located on the casing in direct thermal contact with the latter, while the heater is evenly located over the surface.

1784134 A1

The disadvantages of this thermocontainer are the lack of ventilation of the transported products and the lack of the possibility of regulating humidity in the cargo container, which worsens the storage conditions and leads to a decrease in quality.

The aim of the invention is to improve the safety of the product.

This is achieved by the fact that the proposed structure, including a heat-insulated container body, an electric motor, a temperature control sensor with a control unit, according to the invention is equipped with a system for ensuring a temperature and humidity regime, including an external air supply meter, fans located along the lower part of the side walls of the container air ducts with openings in the top and side surfaces to provide metered air supply along the side and bottom walls of the container in a ratio of 4: 1; system diagnostics unit, the inner lining being blackened to prevent condensation and frost from appearing on the lining.

Figure 1 schematically shows a thermal container; in Fig "- diagrams of air flows in the cross section of the container.

The proposed container (figure 1) contains a thermally insulated body 1 with an inner lining 2, longitudinal (supply) 3 and ceiling (exhaust) 4 air ducts and holes 5 for removing excess air. Fans 7, heaters 8, temperature sensor 9, control unit 10, external air supply meter 11 and diagnostics unit are located in the heat-insulated compartment 6 and in the front part of the container. 12. Longitudinal air ducts 3, located along the side walls of the container, at its floor, have openings at the top 13 and at the side 14 (Fig "). The sections of the top and side openings are chosen so that 80% of the air blown by the fans into the air ducts comes out upward through the openings 13 (Fig ") and washes the inner lining of the thermally insulated surfaces, forming a thermal barrier between the walls and the load. The remaining 20% of the air flow exits through the side openings 14 and enters the bottom of the cargo stack 15, ensuring the removal of respiratory products. Both air streams in the upper part of the cargo tank are mixed and enter the exhaust air duct 4.

The low speed of air movement in the cargo tank provides thermal equilibrium with the stack of cargo, and the small amount of air passing through the stack of cargo helps to reduce the natural loss of the latter.

The proposed thermal container works as follows. '

Fans 7 suck in air from the cargo tank. The air flow, which has a temperature equal to the temperature of the cargo, first of all passes by the temperature control sensor 9, the signal of which is sent to the control unit 10. If the air temperature is lower than the set one, the control unit turns on the heaters 8, which will work as long as the temperature of the air flow at the exit from the cargo tank does not become equal to the specified one. The heated air flow is blown by fans 7 into the supply air ducts 3, where it is divided into vertical and horizontal flows in a ratio of 4: 1. Passing along the side walls of the container and through the stack of cargo 15, these flows mix, the air enters the exhaust duct 4 and then past the temperature control sensor 9 to the heaters

8. This ensures the circulation of the bulk of the air in the cargo tank in a closed loop. Due to the vacuum that occurs in the compartment 6 during the operation of the fans ¹ 7, a certain amount of air from the outside enters here through the external air supply meter 11. This quantity is determined by the cross-section of the inlet diaphragm of the dispenser corresponding to one or another type of load. The diaphragm cross-sections for various weights are determined depending on the breathing intensity by preliminary calculations. This air, which has ambient temperature, mixes with the flow circulating in the container ventilation system and affects the temperature control sensor 9. The excess air resulting from the influx of air from outside is removed from the cargo tank through holes 5.

The thickness of the insulation layer and the degree of blackness of the inner lining provide a critical surface temperature: the appearance of dripping moisture or frost on the inner surface causes a jump-like change in the temperature of the lining and subsequent melting of frost or evaporation of condensate.

The devices in the diagnostics block 12 are arranged so that at the stage of preparing the container for loading, they make it possible to make sure that all elements of the circuit (fans, heaters, temperature regulator) are in good working order, and in case of failure of any of them, to accurately determine the nature of the damage. The block arrangement of the units allows you to quickly eliminate the identified malfunction. During operation of the ventilation system, the diagnostic unit provides the ability to control the modes.

The offered thermal container is characterized by the following positive characteristics, revealed during the operation of prototypes at an ambient temperature of 0 ° C to minus 20 ° C. The preset temperature is maintained in the cargo tank at a level from plus 15 ° C to plus 6 ° C with an accuracy of 10.1 ° C. When the ventilation system is disconnected from the network and the ambient temperature is minus 20 ° C, the time of container transportation while maintaining the quality of the cargo is 35 hours; Ambient temperature minus 50 ° С for 12 hours. Natural loss depends on the type of cargo transported and amounts to 0.13% / day for cauliflower and 0.014% / day for onions. Power consumption from the power grid does not exceed 2.5 kW. The useful cargo volume of the container is 25 23 m ³ (92% of the volume of a standard container).

Claims (1)

Claim A thermal container containing a heat-insulated body with an inner lining and a system for providing temperature and humidity conditions, including heaters, located in it. 10 temperature control sensors and a control unit, which is cured by the fact that, in order to increase the safety of the product, the system for ensuring the temperature and humidity regime contains a dispenser for supplying external air, fans located along the lower part of the side walls container supply air ducts with holes in the top and side surfaces to provide metered air supply along the side and bottom walls of the container in a ratio of 4: 1; system diagnostics unit, and the inner lining is made blackened to prevent condensation and frost from appearing on the casing. FIG. I FIG. 2 Compiled by V. Tsymarny Editor A. Ber Techred M. Morgenthal Proofreader L. Livrints Order 4323 Circulation Subscription VNIIPI of the State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries at the State Committee for Science and Technology of the USSR 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushskaya nab., 4/5 Production and Publishing Plant Patent, Uzhgorod, Gagarin str., 101