SU1759245A1 - Method of forming forest-growing stages over rocky slopes - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: rural and forest management. The essence of the invention. On a slope at an angle to the main slope, trenches are cut in opposite directions. Ground rolls are arranged on both sides of the trenches. At the intersections of the trenches, retaining walls are installed with a solution angle corresponding to the angle of intersection of the trenches. The trench behind the retaining walls is filled with a soil of rollers on the upper side of the trench, forming the excavation and fill areas of the terraced profile, “silt.

Description

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The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to methods of forming silvicultural sites on stony slopes, and can be used in forestry to create reclamation plantations.

In the mountainous and lowland regions of the USSR, a certain part of the treeless areas is represented by stony slopes or shores of the hydrographic network, on which the work on soil preparation and planting of forest crops is associated with considerable difficulties.

There is a method of forming silvicultural sites on stony slopes (kn. FK Kostergi. Types of forest crops for Uzbekistan. Tashkent: Gosizdat UzSSR. 1954, p. 134-140), which includes installation of excavation-bulk sites of a terra-shaped profile with a reverse slope their canvases and the construction of soil rollers on the sides. By giving the surface of backslide pads and limiting the sides with earthen rollers, their anti-erosion stability is enhanced. However, such a site design requires increased labor costs for their manufacture, especially on slopes with thin stony ground.

There is also known a method of forming forest plantations on stony slopes (ed.St. USSR № 912072, class A 01 B 13 / 16,1979), including preliminary deep loosening of the soil along the slope and construction of terrace-like platforms from the loosened fertile soil layer. Such preliminary deep loosening facilitates the work on the formation of sites and improves the water and nutrient regimes.

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root layer in planting areas.

However, this method is ineffective in arid conditions, where due to open deep cracks, arranged by soilless soil loosening, on the insulated slopes there is a strong desiccation of the developed area. Under these conditions, the dry part of the silvicultural platform itself is subject to severe drying.

As a prototype, a method of forming silvicultural sites on stony slopes (ed. St. USSR No. 946418, class A01 B 13/16, 1980) was chosen, containing diagonal cutting to the main slope in opposite directions of trenches holding ground rollers, and the construction at the places of their intersection of excavation-bulk sites with a terraced transverse profile. Such a device of seats ensures the retention and concentrated supply of surface runoff from the estimated micro-collection to silvicultural sites.

The disadvantages of this method of forming seats in arid conditions on the slopes with thin stony soil are high drainage and low stability of the bulk root layer of stony soil on silvicultural sites. The latter is caused here by deformations and subsidence of bulk soil.

The purpose of the invention is to prevent deformation, improvement of the food and water regimes of the bulk root layer of seating places in arid conditions on insulated slopes with thin soil.

The goal is achieved by the fact that when cutting trenches, earth rollers are arranged on both sides of the trenches, retaining walls are installed at their intersections with a solution angle corresponding to the intersection angle of trenches, and silvicultural grounds are formed by filling the trench behind the retaining walls with soil from the rollers on the upper side of the trench .

Installing a retaining wall at the intersection of trenches ensures the screening of the lower part of the root layer of the soil and bulk grounds, which reduces the loss of soil moisture on its outflow along the slope and intensive evaporation, and prevents the bulk soil from slipping.

The technical essence of the proposed method of forming silvicultural

Areas with additional feeding of their root zone due to surface runoff coming from the calculated catchments are explained in FIG. 1-3.

Fig. 1 shows a general view (from above) of the slope section being mastered after cutting diagonally continuous trenches with the simultaneous formation of earth rollers on their sides; in fig. 2 - he is after

0 devices of the following trenches and rollers with the opposite direction; in fig. 3 - it is after installing retaining walls at the intersections of opposite trenches and forming silvicultural

5 plots of soil ground upland rollers.

The proposed method involves cutting on the site of the slope 1 of continuous trenches with the formation on their sides

0 earthen podgorny 3 and upland rolls A, their intersections by other trenches 5. located diagonally to the main slope of the site, installing retaining walls of the V-shaped profile and forming

5 directly in front of the retaining walls of bulk silvicultural sites 7 with a strong root-soil layer from the soil of the upland earth rollers 4. The submountain wall 6 of the V-shaped profile is made of reinforced concrete, metal, and its lighter versions are made of plastics.

The essence of the proposed method is as follows.

5 On the slope section 1 diagonally to its main slope, continuous trenches 2 are cut with the formation of earth rollers on the piedmont 3 and upland 4 their sides. Then in the opposite direction

The direction of the second trench 5 with the same earth rollers. The distance between trenches (parallel and opposite) is determined based on the calculated parameters of the micro-collection

5 silvicultural sites. In the places of intersection of trenches, retaining walls 6 are installed, after which they proceed to the formation of bulk silvicultural sites 7. For this, soil from upland

0 rollers 4. The piedmont rollers 3 are kept continuous throughout the area being mastered to prevent surface runoff during extreme rainfall. The surface of the bulk silvicultural

5 pads 7 is given a reverse slope of 6-8 °. After the natural compaction of the bulk soil at the forest sites, plants are planted.

The proposed method of forming a silvicultural environment in the arid climate

sites with additional moistening of their root layer due to surface runoff on insolable slopes with thin stony soils, compared with the prototype, has the technical advantages indicated in the table,

The expected economic effect from the use in the arid conditions of the proposed method of forming silo-bearing areas with retaining walls on insolable slopes with thin stony soil is achieved by:

better accumulation and saving (by 10–15% during the growing season) in the root layer of the planting beds accessible to soil moisture, which creates prerequisites for their high preservation;

increasing the stability of the bulk sites on the slopes to various deformations to destruction;

reducing the cost of supplementing forest crops with high (90% or more) of their preservation (with low preservation of plants, up to 1 hectare is spent on supplementing plants for up to 1.1 man-shifts and up to 5.49 rubles).

The proposed method was tested on the object of land reclamation Belovodsk LMS in Belovodsk district of Voroshilovgrad region. Under the experiment, a radical, multisolated shore of the Derkul River with a steepness of up to 20 ° was taken. The shore is composed of pure chalk. The cover was dominated by thin (10–15 cm) soddy-carbonate soil on the chalk deluvium. The surface of the coast is partially (in the upper and lower parts) covered with grassy vegetation.

In 1986, trenches 30 inches deep and 20 cm wide were laid diagonally to the horizontal at an experimental section with a slope of 14-19 ° diagonally to the horizontal m. 3.5 m. The trenches were loosened to a depth of 30 cm. The trenches were laid in opposite directions, they crossed one with the other at an angle of 120 °.

Retaining walls were made of sheet metal 4 mm thick. Their height in the solution was 0.9 m, and along the edges of the sidewalls — 0.5 m. The sidewalls were taken 1.2 m long, and a solution of the sidewalls was given an angle of 120 °.

Retaining walls were installed manually at the intersections of trenches and reinforced from the bottom side by backfilling.

soil in a trench and its subsequent compaction.

The next operation was the formation of the root zone of the silvicultural platform. Loose soil from upland rollers was transferred to a container formed from the upland between the sidewalls of the retaining wall. The volume of soil transported on one platform of rhombic shape up to 2 m in size was 1.3-1.5 m. From it, a root-layer layer was formed with a thickness at the retaining wall of up to 0.5 m. Surface surfaces were given a reverse slope of 6- 8 °.

In 1987, at the sites produced

landing under the sword Kolesov 5 pcs. biennial hens coaxially Crimean. The safety of plants by the autumn of 1988 amounted to 86%. During the growing season the stock available

The plants' moisture in the root zone of the silvicultural sites of the proposed method was 5–15% more than in the same layer of ground on the sites created in the prototype. With this noticeable

destruction of the bulk layer of silvicultural sites and trenches in the proposed method was not observed. At the sites of the prototype there was an increased deformation of their bulk slope under the influence of mostly melt water

Claims (1)

The invention of the method of forming forest plantations on stony slopes, including cutting at an angle to the main slope in opposite directions of trenches with water-forming rolls on the underside, forming in the places of intersection of trenches excavation-bulk sites with a terra-like transverse profile , characterized in that, in order to prevent deformation, improve the nutritional and water regimes of the bulk root layer of seating places in arid conditions on the insulated slopes with small powerful soil excavation when cutting trenches nye rollers arrange on both sides of trenches, in places of their intersection set retaining wall with an opening angle corresponding to the angle of intersection of the trenches, and silvicultural pad is formed, the trench is filled with soil retaining walls for the rollers on the upper side of trenches. FIG. one FIG. 2