SU1756399A1 - Filament and thread forming filler - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: the invention relates to the production of chemical fibers and yarns, in particular to dies for their preparation. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The spinneret comprises a housing and plates with spinning channels. The plate is made of work elements that are interconnected by means of grooves and protrusions located on the side surfaces of the elements. Conjugated elements form channels for molding. The working elements of the plate are made heated. Spinning channels are sinusoidal, sawtooth, or have cavern-like expansions. 2 h. the item of f-ly, 4 ill.

Description

The invention relates to the production of long materials, mainly chemical fibers and yarns, in particular to dies for their production.

It is known that for forming fibers and filaments, round and rectangular dies are used in which the holes are located along the surface of the mirror of the die, or on its limited surface. Dies are made and thin-walled with thickness up to 0.5 mm, and thick-walled with thickness up to 30 mm and above. However, thick-walled dies are used mainly in the spinning of fibers and filaments, since the melt pressure on the spinnerets is 20-100 atm and more. The ratio of the length I and the diameter d, the capillary in these spinnerets is usually equal to 1, although some firms produce spinnerers with a ratio of 3. But this also complicates the process of producing the spinnerets.

The design features also determine the drawbacks of these dies: the complexity of manufacturing, a great deal of manual labor, to produce high-quality dies requires a lot of various deficient and complex equipment, resulting in the production of high-quality dies extremely limited, limited technological capabilities as in the manufacture of dies (it is impossible to make a spinner for melt, for example, with the number of holes 10-100 thousand holes and more and with a capillary length, for example, 5 times larger than the diameter of the capillary), and during exploitation tion of dies (each spinneret is used almost exclusively for one range).

A known detachable circular filler for forming linear high-polymers, consisting of a thick-walled filtering grid With round holes of large diameter, thin round face (L

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with capillaries and carrier plates with openings placed under capillaries.

The disadvantages of this design are due to the impossibility of fabricating the spinnerets with a large number of holes (no more than 100-200), complexity of the structures, assembly and operation (practically, the molding is carried out on a thin-walled die plate).

Also known is a spinneret for producing synthetic filaments of films consisting of a body and two guides, one of which has transverse slit grooves whose cross-section has a rectangular shape with a ratio of width to height 1.5-5, step-to-width ratio 1 1-6, while the height of at least each subsequent slotted slot relative to the height of the previous one is reduced by 10-20% in the direction from the center to the edges of the guide. Such a die with a slit width of 700 mm makes it possible to form a shaped film with alternating thickenings and thinnings along its width. After cooling, the formed film is cut into strips of 70 mm each and stretched.

The drawbacks of this spinneret determine the shortcomings of the implementation of the process using the spinneret: complexity of manufacture and operation; the limited use of this die, it is impossible to obtain fibers and threads with different sections of filaments, the range is limited, etc.

The closest in technological essence and the achieved result is the die, which consists of a body, several round, square and rectangular plates with spinning capillaries. The plates are rigidly interconnected by bridges, and the outer plates have edge rigid fasteners. The housing has grooves for fastening the plate by welding, brazing, gluing, pressing or screwing.

However, such designs of the die have the following disadvantages: limited technological capabilities in the manufacture of exploitation of dies, since with a given diameter of a large die and the usual placement of holes in small dies, when the area occupied by the holes does not exceed 60%, the actual working area under the holes decreases up to 30-40% of the mirror area of a large die. To make a die with a number of holes, for example, 2-5 thousand, it is necessary to increase the diameter of the team die to 1 m or more. To create these dies with wide possibilities for changing the characteristics of the fibers, a large number of various small dies are needed. It causes a lot of various problems with their manufacture, storage and cleaning, as well as possible

deformation of the spinnerers relative to the basic die, the instability of their connection is possible. In addition, on such dies it is almost impossible to obtain a wide range of fibers of various configurations and

0 physico-mechanical parameters, as well as on such dies, it is difficult to maintain a given temperature regime. In addition, it is difficult to ensure the same arrangement of the mirror of small diameter nozzles in the same plane, which, in turn, leads to a violation of the stability of the molding and tightness of the joining of the nodes. High manufacturing costs are required, since it is very difficult to fabricate the openings of the spinnerers, and up to 50% is heavy manual labor; the manufacture of dies requires scarce and complex equipment; high maintenance costs of these dies.

5 The purpose of the invention is to improve the performance properties by expanding technological capabilities.

The goal is achieved by the fact that a die for forming fibers and filaments

0 consists of a body and a plate with spinning channels, while the plate is made of working elements interconnected by means of grooves and protrusions located on the side surfaces

5 elements with the formation of spinning channels. The bore of the spinneret can be made either straight, or sinusoidal, or sawtooth, or have cavernous extensions. To fix the ribs in the filler, the latter can be equipped with a clamping mechanism. The ribs of the spinnere can be made heated from the inside.

FIG. Figure 1 shows the layout of the 5 basic units of the spinneret; in fig. 2 shows section A-A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 - possible variants of spinning filler channels formed by adjoining working elements; in fig. 4 - possible options

About the cross sections of holes formed by adjoining work elements. The spinner for forming fibers and filaments consists of a body 1 with protrusions 2 on which work elements — fins 3 — are interconnected — the junction 5 with each other — that have grooves 4 and protrusions 5 on lateral longitudinal surfaces, between which spin channels 6 are formed dies. The die may have a clamping

Mechanism 7. The ribs 3 can be made with internal heaters 8 (for example, electric or liquid) and / or with an internal branched system of channels 9 with outlets to the channel zone of the orifice 6 of the spinnerette and the modifying agent supply unit (not shown). Conjugate — elements docked with each other — ribs 3 form a slab with spinning channels,

The different shape of the regular channels of the openings 6 (Fig. 3 a-d) determines the possibility of obtaining fibers and filaments that become crimped without additional treatments. With a straight channel shape of the holes 6, the formed threads do not have crimps, and with sinus and sawtooth sections, they have crimps. The use of cavernous extensions, on the one hand, allows the modifying reagent to move in the volume of the melt, the opening 6 moving along the channel, and, on the other hand, allows obtaining filaments with both hidden and visible crimps. The shape of the cavity can be changed, and the nature of the crimpiness can be changed. In this case, it is possible to change not only the shape of the cavity (for example, spherical, bottle-shaped), but also their number (for example, 2-3 cavities along the channel). The cavernous spinning channels of the openings made it possible to obtain a fiber of various lengths directly from under the spinneret, feeding through the internal system of channels 9, for example, air or rapidly decomposing substances. On this side, it is of undoubted interest that the heaters can be controlled by heating 8 elements — ribs 3 in height and length. After the introduction of the modifier, the temperature may vary depending on the specific conditions. For example, after the introduction of rapidly decomposing substances, it is advisable to raise the temperature in the lower part of the working elements - fins 3.

The work elements of the fins 3 can be heated from the inside with the help of various types of heaters 8, for example, with the help of electricity, liquid, etc.

The die is harvested as follows.

On the protrusions 2 of the housing 1, the working elements of the ribs 3 are laid. The joint elements (connected) with each other are the elements of the ribs 3 by means of the projections 5 and the grooves 4 form spinning channels 6 of the spinnerets. Depending on the shape of the protrusions 5 and the grooves 4, the spin holes of the holes of various shapes are formed both along the length of the hole (Fig. 3) and along the section (Fig. 1 and 4). The fastening of the elements 3 in the filler relative to the housing 1 can be carried out in different ways: for example, by means of a clamping mechanism 1 operating pneumatically, hydraulically or mechanically, as well as by gluing, brazing, welding. A seal, gaskets (not shown) can be used to seal between the contiguous elements of the ribs 3.

The proposed dies make it possible to simplify the manufacture of dies and their operation in the manufacture of fibers and filaments with an elementary linear thread density of less than 0.8 Tex with a different cross section profile, especially when using spinnerets with a large number of holes (for example, more than 100), as well as expanding the range of applied when molding fibers and filler filaments and, accordingly, the assortment of manufactured fibers and filaments due to physical and chemical modification directly during the passage of the melt through the die opening channel.

Claims (3)

1. A filler for forming fibers and filaments, consisting of a body and a plate with spinning channels, characterized in that, in order to improve the performance properties by expanding the technological capabilities, the plate is made of working elements interconnected by means of grooves and protrusions located on the lateral surfaces of the elements with the formation of spinning channels. 2.Filera pop. 1, characterized in that the working elements of the plate are made heated. 3. The filler according to claim 1, characterized in that the spinning channels are sinusoidal, sawtooth, or have cavern-like extensions. H Jni N 2x 7 ST t  five { N / h / sj. at  five {/ / h / St four  6 but -BUT 1 / M Fi & W FIG.