SU1699961A1 - Installation for anaerobic biomass treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the processing of agricultural waste. The aim of the invention is to increase the degree of decomposition of organic matter by improving the conditions of the fermentation process in the reactor. The installation contains two working chambers separated by a horizontal partition on the lower and upper. A piping is installed along the axis, indicating the upper and lower working chambers. The plant also has pipelines for loading and unloading biomass, pipelines for biogas removal from both chambers. The top of the camera is extended. The plant has an agitator with inclined blades for additional mixing and breaking of the floating crust. The mixer is located in the lower working chamber and is set in motion by the action of biomass streams formed by equalizing the pressure in the lower and upper chambers. 5 il.

Description

This invention relates to the anaerobic treatment of biomass.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the degree of biomass decomposition by improving the conditions of the fermentation process. FIG. 1 shows the proposed installation in the process of biomass flow from the lower chamber to the upper longitudinal section; in fig. 2 - the same in the process of biomass flow from the upper chamber to the lower longitudinal section; in fig. 3 - mixer, longitudinal section; in fig. 4 shows section A-A in FIG. 3; in fig. 5 is a section BB in FIG. four.

The installation for anaerobic biomass comprises a housing 1 divided by a conical partition 2 into lower and upper chambers 3 and 4. communicating through a pressure pipe 5 on which a mechanical agitator 6 is installed. The installation includes a pipeline 7 for loading biomass, a gas pipeline 8 with nozzles 9, a gas pipeline 10. A discharge port 11, a pipeline for discharging treated biomass with a hydraulic lock 12, a discharge tank 13 with a dead-end outlet 14, a pressure switch 15, a connecting cable 16. electric valve 17 and 18 and. limiters 19 for agitator 6.

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In the installation, the value of the cross-sectional area D of the upper chamber of the reactor exceeds the value of the cross-sectional area d of the lower chamber, and their values are selected based on the ratio. The limits of the ratio selected, based on the following conditions:

the lower limit is based on the condition; therefore, the lower limit is greater than 1;

the upper limit is based on the condition that the material consumption of the reactor is limited to the upper limit of the ratio D / d equal to 5, therefore.

With the same value of the height of the liquid column, its volume in the upper chamber will be greater than the volume in the lower chamber, and due to this, while maintaining the volume of flowing biomass from the lower chamber to the upper chamber, the total height of the water column is reduced, which must be overcome before unloading the treated biomass chambers, resulting in lower pressure D in the lower chamber, which has a beneficial effect on the symbiosis of microorganisms involved in the decomposition of biomass organic matter and the formation of biogas.

The installation works as follows

Through the loading pipe 7 (see Fig. 1), a portion of fresh biomass is supplied to the lower working chamber 3. In the initial state, the level of the mirror of the converted biomass is above the mechanical agitator 6, but below the window for the discharge of gas from the pipeline 8 with the sprayers 9. The electric valves 17 and 18 are locked,

As biogas is released in the lower working chamber 3, the pressure increases, under the action of which biomass begins to flow into the upper chamber 4 through the pressure line 5. As the biomass moves along the pressure line from the lower chamber to the upper, the height of the water column increases, the pressure of which needs to be overcome. As a result, in order to displace a unit volume of the biomass of the process passage number, a constant increase in pressure created by the released biogas in the lower working chamber 3 is necessary.

When the biomass reaches the upper chamber, due to its larger size in cross section, the degree of pressure increase in the lower chamber decreases at constant speed and volume of flowing biomass from the lower chamber to the upper chamber. A decrease in the rate of increase in pressure in the lower chamber is achieved by the difference in the volumes of the upper and lower chambers at the same height, while maintaining a predetermined volume of biomass displaced from the lower chamber, which helps to reduce the overall height of the water column, which must be overcome Before unloading processed biomass from the upper chamber, as a result of which the upper limit of the pressure created by the released bmogas in the lower chamber decreases, the pressure created in the lower working chamber decreases, together with Under these conditions, it has a positive effect on the fermentation process.

As it flows from the lower working chamber to the upper biomass, it passes between the inclined blades of the agitator 6 and,

The tilting surfaces of the blades are affected by rotation, which results in additional mixing of the biomass and destruction of the floating crust.

5B, the upper chamber 4 continues the fermentation process, and the biogas released during this process is freely removed through the gas line 10, without creating an overpressure in the chamber.

0 When the level of convertible biomass in the upper chamber, rising, reaches the level of the discharge window 11, it begins to flow through the discharge pipe with a hydraulic lock 12 into the discharge capacity 13,

5 when filled in which in its dead-end branch 14 increases the pressure. As a result, the pressure switch 15 is activated, which, via the connecting cable 16, supplies an electrical signal to the motor-driven ventilators 17 and 18, opening them. As a result, the biogas accumulated in the lower working chamber 3 is removed through the gas line 8 and is directed to the upper chamber, where the output under pressure through the sprayers 9 additionally mixes its contents. At the same time, the processed biomass flows out of the discharge tank 13, and in the lower working chamber 3 there is a sharp drop in pressure, which leads to the overflow of biomass from the upper chamber to the lower under the pressure of the liquid column, mixing its contents. The mirror of the converted biomass in the lower chamber (see Fig. 2), lifting, passes again

5 between the inclined blades of the mechanical agitator 6, driving it into rotation, but already in the opposite direction, thus again the floating crust is destroyed and additional mixing of the biomass occurs.

. After the treated biomass flows out of the discharge tank 13, the pressure switch 15 is turned off and the electric signal is disconnected through the connecting cable 16 to the motorized valves 17 and 18 and thereby blocks them.

Thereafter, the working cycle is repeated anew.

The installation is operational under all possible ratios of the area of the cross section of the upper and lower chambers, defined by the condition 1 D / d 5. But as this ratio approaches the upper limit of this condition, the total height of the water column decreases.

Denoting the height of the water column by H, we have for, with D 5d: D / d 2.

Taking into account the inverse proportional dependence of H on the ratio D / d, we obtain.

Consequently, the fermentation process will proceed more efficiently when the value of the ratio D / d is shifted to the upper limit, but this increases the consumption of materials for the device, which must also be considered when choosing its operating parameters.

Claims (2)

1. Installation for anaerobic treatment of biomass, containing two working chambers separated by a horizontal partition on the top and bottom, communicating with each other through a pressure pipe, pipelines for loading and unloading biomass, pipelines for draining biogas from both chambers, and a device for mixing biomass, due to the fact that, in order to increase the degree of biomass decay by improving the conditions of the fermentation process, the upper working chamber is made extended and The main sections of the upper and lower chambers D and d, respectively, are determined from the ratio K D / d 5. 2. Installation under item 1, characterized in that the device for mixing biomass t is made in the form of a mixer with inclined blades mounted on the pressure pipe for rotation in the lower working chamber. Kuuch Jc: XxXX4X V VVN. Have pppppppdu Hhhhhhhhh ten four sixteen  one 14 srig.1 so about so about WITH -J A-A YЈ