SU1673000A1 - Method for production of source material for selection of wheat and barley - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of plant breeding, in particular, to methods for creating starting material for the selection of grain crops. The aim of the invention is to increase the frequency of occurrence of mutant forms of plants with self-valuable traits and reduce the time to create new varieties. The method consists in that wheat or barley seeds are soaked in a solution of nicotinamide dynycleotide (0.5-5 mg / ml) and subsequently irradiated with laser light in blue (λ = 441 nm), red (λ = 633 nm) and infrared (λ = 1153 nm) spectral regions.

Description

The invention relates to the selection of plants, and specifically to methods for creating the initial material for the selection of grain crops.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the frequency of induction of mutant forms with valuable traits and reduce the time to create new varieties.

The method consists in pre-soaking the seeds in a solution of NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) concentration of 0.5-5.0 mg / ml, sequential irradiation with laser light with a wavelength of 441,633 and 1153 nm at a power density of 10-50 mW / cm and exposure Zl xy -3-10 s for each wavelength.

The method is illustrated by the following examples.

PRI me R 1. Wheat seeds of Belarus 80 are soaked in a solution of NAD with a concentration of 0.5 mg / ml for 24 hours, after which they are subjected to irradiation with a continuous light of an LG-70 industrial helium-cadmium laser with a wavelength of 441.6 nm .

Then, the same seeds are sequentially irradiated with a LG-126 helium-neon laser with a wavelength of 632.8 nm and the same laser with a wavelength of 1153 nm.

The irradiation exposure for each wavelength is 10 s, the radiation power density is 20 mW / cm2.

After treatment, the swollen seeds are sown in the field in several replications to obtain first generation plants (Mi).

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The main ears of each plant are subjected to forced isolation to prevent cross-pollination. Seeds from the main ears of Mi are transferred to the next year seven meters each (seeds of each ear in a separate row) for the analysis of the second generation (Ma) in order to select hereditarily modified plant forms. The following year (Mo), the nature of the inheritance of the altered traits from which the plants were selected in the previous year are studied. The most promising lines include the further selection process.

In this case, 58 families are distinguished in M2, modified according to their own valuable characteristics and properties. After checking their inheritance, 24 hereditarily modified forms are selected in the Ministry of Arts, including 2 early maturity. 13 productive, 5 resistant to lodging and disease m and 4 with improved grain quality. Early lines ripen for 3-5 days. before the original form without reducing productivity. The productive lines are distinguished by a large, dense, well-grained ear, as well as by a large mass of 1000 grains — 46–50 g in contrast to 37–40 g for the original variety. 4 lines differ in a 2-3% higher protein content in grain.

EXAMPLE 2 Leningradka wheat seeds are treated according to the same procedure as in Example 1, except that the NAD concentration is 1 mg / ml. On this variety, 45 families are allocated in M2, in Minsk

19 were selected, including 6 lines on the basis of precocity, 8 - productivity, the 3rd improved grain quality, 2 - on lodging resistance.

One of the most promising forms has a complex of economic features — high productivity (50–55 centners / ha), improved grain quality;

Example Using a physiological test, selection is made of the optimal treatment conditions for NAD, the combined effect of NAD and laser radiation with different wavelengths (Table 1-2).

Data on the frequency of modified forms and the nature of variability of wheat and barley in M2 are presented in Tables 3-6.

Claims (1)

The method of obtaining a starting material for breeding wheat and barley crops by treating seeds with laser light, characterized in that, in order to increase the frequency of induction of mutant forms with intrinsic characteristics and shorten the time to create new varieties, before irradiation the seeds are soaked in a solution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide at a concentration of 0.5–5 mg / ml, and irradiation is carried out sequentially with laser light with a wavelength of I 441 nm, I 633 nm, I 1153 nm, with a power density of 10–50 mW / cm and an exposure of 3 -10 -3 Yu s for each wavelength. Change in ATP content (µmol / g of tissue) in wheat and barley seedlings at DAD concentrations of NAD (mg / ml solution) - significant differences (P 0.05) compared with the control Table 1 Changes in ATP content in wheat germ with combined exposure to NAD and laser radiation with different wavelengths Option Processing mode Control ABOVE Helium - cadmium laser. I am 442nm Helium - neon laser, And 633 nm Helium - neon laser, A 1153 nm electrons - cadmium + helium-neon lasers (442 + + 633+ 1153 nm) OVER + helium-cadmium 442 nm) + helium-neon lasers (633 and 1153 nm) Concentration 1 mg / ml, power density 10 mW / cm2, exposure 3.6-103 s Sequential exposure at intervals at 1 h Concentration 1 mg / ml power density mW / cm, exposure 3.6 - 103 seconds Frequency of barley families changed according to the valuable characteristics of different types of processing with laser light (Atos grade, power density 10 mW / cm, exposure time 3.6-10. with) table 2 ATP content (µM) Abs. % of control 1.12 ± 0.10 1.49 ± 0.12 100 133 0.13 0.08 0.11 0.09 0.12 88 119 94 147 181 T a, b face 3 Table 4 Wheat variability in M2 with combined irradiation with laser light (442+ 633 + 1153 nm) with different power density (Leningradka variety, 10 s exposure) Table 5 The variability of barley in M at different exposures of the combined effect of laser radiation (442 + 633 + 1153 nm) (Krinichny variety) Table 6 The frequency of families with valuable traits in various ways of processing wheat seeds (variety Leningradka) and barley (variety Ida)