SU1670156A1 - Piston machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and is intended for use primarily as an internal combustion engine and in the form of pneumatic and hydraulic machines. In order to increase the durability and efficiency of the machine, the mode of operation and the pressure angle of the transmitted torque forces in the rocking washer and crank bearings are optimized by the fact that they are made separate and the gear stabilizer of the washer is compactly integrated into its articulation with the centering support. The machine contains a cylinder block 1 with a head 2, a crankcase 5, a centering ball bearing 9 attached to the cylinder block 1, a composite crank in the form of a cheek 26 mounted in the crankcase 5 with an eccentric self-adjusting bearing 27 mounted in a bushing 29 and mounted in the cylinder block 1 a shaft 13 with an oblique knee, centered on a support 9, a swinging washer 14 with a spike articulated with a bearing 27 23 with a self-adjusting tip 24 supported in a prop 29. In the central cavity of the articulated joint of a washer 14 with a support 9 mounted a stabilizer nematically connecting them with gears 21 and 22. Moreover, the shaft 13 is passed through the support 9, gears 21 and 22 and the end of the knee through the bearing 12 from the inside is connected to the spike 23. The pistons 20 are connected to the washer 14 by means of connecting rods 19 in front mounted distribution mechanism with lift valves 39 and 40, cam shafts 44 against the cylinders and kinematically connecting them with the shaft 33 of the gear train. For entering the working fluid into the cylinders along the shortest path, the head 2 has an internal intake manifold. To simplify the design and reduce the weight of the machine, there is an embodiment of the machine with double-cone pistons rigidly connected to the connecting rods. In order to increase the unit power in this case, the machine is made with 20 or more opposed cylinders. 4 hp f-ly, 5 ill.

Description

WKWJUrfzy 19 G Yu 21 22-12 38

fig 1

28

a bearing 27 with a support 29 installed in it and a shaft 13c mounted in the cylinder block 1 with an oblique bend centered on a support 9 a swinging washer 14c articulated with a bearing 27 spike 23 with a self-aligning support 24 in the center 29 of the hinge joint 14 with the support 9 are mounted kinematically a stabilizer connecting them with gears 21 and 22. Moreover, the shaft 13 is passed through the support 9, gears 21 and 22 and the end of the knee through the bearing 12 is articulated with a spike 23. From the front 14 us pistons 20. The head 2 is mounted a dispensing mechanism lift valves 39 and 40, the cam shaft 44 against the cylinder and kinematically connected to them with the guide shaft gear. For entering the working fluid into the cylinders along the shortest path, the head 2 has an internal intake manifold. To simplify the design and reduce the weight of the machine, there is an embodiment of the machine with double-cone pistons rigidly connected to the connecting rods. In order to increase the unit power in this case, the machine is made with 20 or more opposed cylinders 4 Cp ffly, 5 sludge.

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely, axial piston type machines with stationary cylinders, and is intended for use as an internal combustion engine, as well as a hydraulic and pneumatic machine.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency and durability of a piston machine.

FIG. 1 shows a cylinder of a piston machine, a section, in FIG. 2 is a view A of FIG. 1 (view from the side of the cylinder head of the machine with a cut along the plane of the intake manifold); in fig. 3-22 cylinder piston machine with opposed cylinders, cut; in fig. 4 - will add linny block of cylinders, a section; in fig. 5 - double conic piston, section.

The piston machine contains a fixed block of axially arranged cylinders 1 with heads 2 around the longitudinal axis, distribution mechanism axle front and rear bearings connected to the block of tsiperm 1 by means of studs 3 and nuts 4 crankcase 5 mounted in its rear a radial thrust bearing 6 and a cover 7 covering its side viewing window, a gear unit consisting of a spherical centering spindle 9 located in the crankcase 5 and coaxially connected to the cylinder block 1 by means of a front lug and key 8 with a bearing 19 mounted in a through-bore of a protrusion, mounted in bearings 11 and 12 of a crank shaft 13, articulated with a centering ring 9 of the swashplate 14 of the sealing ring 15 and connected

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connected to it from the side of the cylinder block 1 by means of flanges 16, studs 17, nuts 18 connecting rods 19 with pistons 20 and kinematically connecting washer 14 with centering support 9 of the stabilizer in the form of a pair of bevel gears 21 and 22 with an equal number of screws, while The support 9 is made in the form of a hollow ball truncated from the side of the rear bearing 6, and the washer 14 is made from the concentric spherical support open from the side of the cylinder block 1 with separate radial and axial support elements in the form of a backward protruding 23 with a coaxial bore and pin 24, fixed by stopper 25 on spike 23 with centering ball 9, washer 14 is articulated with its spherical support to form a closed cavity in the center, gear stabilizer is located in it and fixed gear 21 is embedded g centering support 9 and movable gear 22 is connected from the inside with the support of the washer 14, the crank is made composite in the form of a mounted axle in the rear bearing b of the cheek 26 and mounted in the front bearings 11 of the shaft

13so freely passed through gears 21 and 22 of the stabilizer and spike 23 washers

14 with knee length, in the blind hole of the cheek

26 mounted self-aligning eccentric radial bearing

27c directed toward the center of the centering support by the 9th axis and fixed by the pop

28. At the bottom of the hole is mounted

29. Through it and the lute 24, the oblique knee of the shaft 13 is connected to the cheek 26 or through the bearing 12 articulated from the inside with the spike 23 of the washer 14, and it is articulated with the bearing 27 of the cheek 26 with the spike 23 with its pin 24 in the sub 29.

The pistons 20 are double-conical (Fig. 5) with the largest diameters in the middle, the angles of inclination of the conical surfaces of the front and rear sides of the pistons 20 to their axes are equal to each other, and each is equal to the angle of deflection of the axles of the connecting rods of the cylinder 19’s axes 1. With rods 19 The two coconic pistons 20 are fixedly connected, while the cylinders 1 are parallel to the central axis of the cylinder block 1, in the front half of the pistons of the surface of the piston 20 there is one piston ring 30, in the rear half there are two rings 31, and the distance between th axis of the cylinder block 1 and the axles of the cylinders is equal to

(1-cosa) R / 2.

where R is the distance between the centers of the connecting rod bearing and washer 14;

a is the angle of deviation of the axis of the washer 14 from the axis of the centering support 9.

The cylinder head 2 of the cylinder block 1 is connected by studs 32, nuts 33 and a central bolt 34 to the cylinder block 1, is made as a common assembly with a cavity 35 in the middle and has a common annular manifold 36 for supplying the working medium connected to the inlet cables 37 of the cylinders 1 and derived from the cytindles, the exhaust channels 38. in the holo 2, inlet 39 and outlet 40 lift valves are installed with guide sleeves 41 and return springs 2 and interacting with them installed with the help of two bearings 43, camshafts 44 with intake and exhaust 45 and 46. Kinematically connected by means of a gear in a crank shaft 13, which includes a gear 47 which is integrated with the shaft 13, an intermediate gear 48 connected to it, which is mounted on an axis 49 pressed into the cover 50, freely mounted hub on the shaft 13 of the central gear 51 of the internal gearing, which interacts with the gear 48, mounted on the hub of the gear 51 bevel gear 52 and connected with it bevel gears 53 which are made at the ends of the camshafts 44 .

The machine can be equipped with an additional cylinder block 54, made in a case with a crankcase 5 (FIG. 3), with staggered opposed cylinders in a staggered order

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five

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five

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five

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a distribution mechanism located on the head of an additional block of cylinders 54, wherein the swinging washer 14 is hingedly connected by rods 55 to the pistons 56 of the additional cylinders 54, and the pin of the cheek 26 is removed and represents the shaft 5 / which is mounted in the additional bearing 58.

Piston machine works as follows.

Through-crank shaft 13, cheek 26, washer 14 and connecting rods 19 pistons 20, initial movements are communicated. Simultaneously, the cam shafts 44 are driven through a gear train.

Consider a complete cycle of working processes in one cylinder.

The intake cam through the sleeve 41 moves the intake valve 39, which opens the inlet channel 37. Moving backward, the piston sucks the working fluid from the intake manifold 36 into the cylinder. When the shaft 13 is rotated 180 °, the piston 20 comes to nmt. And the suction ends. In this case, the cam shaft 44 makes a full turn and the spring 42 returns the valve 39 to the closed position. With tors t for 1G, at 360 ° piston 20 at / odit B and t and completes the compression work. e-ignition occurs with the formation of hot, high pressure, and starting with independent operation of the engine. Under the pressure of the gases, the piston 20 comes in m / m, the chal 13 rotates by 540 °, with the washers 14 exerted through the rod 19 the pressure of the gases transforms into axial forces and torque, which acts in the plane passing through the pin axis 23 and the center of the connecting rod support. The axial force through the bearing 6. the tongue 29 and pche 24 is balanced by the reaction force (the mercury 5, in essence, an angular lever, the washer 14 with its spike 23 serving as the shoulder of this lever, transmits the torque through the bearing 27 to the pin of the cheek 26 and through the bearing 12 to the shaft 13 through its oblique knee, the resulting reactive moments of the washer 14 using the gears 21 and 22 of the stabilizer through the centering support 9 transfers the cylinder block 1, while the support 9 perceives from the washer 14 the lateral forces acting on it tilting moments provides its centering with a constant predetermined angle of inclination of the axis when the piston 20 approaches the n.m.t. cam shaft 44 by the exhaust cam 4b through the opener sleeve 41, the exhaust valve 40 and the exhaust gases go out through the exhaust channel 38. When turning the shaft 13 from 540 to

The 720 ° piston 20 comes in as mt and all moving parts of the gear take their original positions. The cycle in the cylinder in question ends. In the other cylinders, the workflows are performed in the same manner, alternating through one cylinder.

Claims (5)

Claim 1. Piston machine, comprising a stationary block axially located around the longitudinal axis of the cylinder with heads, distribution mechanism, coaxial front and rear bearings, crankcase attached to the rear bearing side and transmission included in the crankcase and coaxially attached to the block cylinders by means of a front protrusion of a centering spherical bearing with a bearing mounted in a through-hole of a protrusion, mounted in crank bearings, supported on it and found A swiveling washer with a centering bearing with pistons connecting to it from the side of the cylinder block by means of rods and a kinematically connecting washer with a stabilizer centering bearing in the form of a pair of bevel gears with an equal number of teeth, characterized in that, in order to increase durability and efficiency, The centering support is made in the form of a hollow ball truncated from the rear bearing side, and the washer is made from the concentric spherical support open from the cylinder block with separate radial and axial bearings. The backward protruding tire with coaxial orifice and support point on the tire, with the centering ball bearing the washer is articulated with its spherical support to form a closed cavity in the center, the gear stabilizer is located in it and the fixed gear is integrated into the centering support and the movable gear wheel is connected from the inside with the support of the washer, the crank is made composite in the form of a mounted pin in the rear cheek bearings and mounted in the front ala bearings with freely passed through gear the stabilizer and the washer spike with an oblique knee, an eccentric radial bearing is mounted in the deaf hole of the cheek with an axle directed to the centering center axis, a recess is installed at the bottom of the hole, the oblique knee is connected to the cheek through it, or is articulated from the inside with a washer spike, and it is articulated with the cheek underlay with this thorn with the support of its pen in the pin. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that. that, in order to simplify the construction and reduce the weight, the pistons are made double-conical with the largest diameters in the middle, the angles of inclination of the conical surfaces of the front and rear sides of the pistons to their axes are equal to each other, and each is equal to the angle of deviation of the axles of the connecting rods from the axes of the cylinders, with rods The two conic pistons are fixedly connected, with the cylinders arranged parallel to the central axis of the cylinder block, and the distance between the longitudinal the axis of the cylinder block and the axles of the cylinders are (1-cosa) R / 2, where R is the distance between the centers of the connecting rod bearing and the washer; O. - the deflection angle of the axis of the washer from the axis centering support. 3. The machine according to claim 1 or 2, so that the cylinder head is designed as a common unit with a cavity in the middle and has a common annular intake manifold and connecting inlet and exhaust channels leading from the cylinders to the outside of the cylinder cavities, and lift valves are mounted in the head of these channels, by means of bearings against the valves of each cylinder, the camshafts acting on them by cams are mounted, and in the middle there is mounted a gear connecting them to the crank shaft. 4.-A machine according to claim 1 or 2. So that in order to increase unit power, the machine is equipped with crankcase and staggered with additional cylinders arranged in a staggered order with respect to the front, The bearing is mounted along the longitudinal axis at the rear, the crank shaft is extended at the rear and fully mounted in this bearing. 5. The machine according to claim 4, characterized in that it is provided with an additional distribution mechanism located on the head of the additional unit cylinders. Ј GLF 3-. W bg p Ll and w c and oi 91 b / w, and o & 9c and of / it,     / / / -L1iHU 99 07 SS G7A II 52 iff К / 7, 5 / S i Ј 7 L 8 cbb 5C LH " Yy Z Figm zo 31 / h W //////// r