SU1524912A1 - Gas producer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the design of a gas generator for producing selective gases, such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and others, by chemically reacting gas-forming reactants and mixing the reactants with uniform gas generation and improving the gas yield. The gas generator contains capsules with a liquid reagent, which are placed inside the solid reagent in the form of proper packaging, for example, octahedral, with free space between the capsules determined by the stoichiometry of the chemical reaction. Damping capsules filled with a neutral gas, for example nitrogen, are introduced into the bottom layer. 1 hp f-ly. 1 il.

Description

The invention relates to the design of a gas generator for producing selective gases, such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, etc., through a chemical reaction of reacting gas-generating reagents and can be used in chemical technology and other public places where there is a need for autonomous gas sources.

The aim of the invention is to uniformly generate gas and increase the gas yield by improving the mixing of the reactants.

The drawing shows a schematic diagram of the gas generator.

The gas generator consists of a housing 1, inside which are placed capsules 2 with a liquid reagent, between the capsules there is a solid reagent 3. On one side of the housing 1 there is a fitting for the exit of gas 4, a filter 5 and

a device for initiating the start of a reaction, for example, a powder charge 6. A layer of shock-absorbing capsules 7 filled with an inert gas is placed in the opposite opposite end. Shock absorbing balls can also be placed inside the reagent layer to control gas evolution.

The generator works in the following way.

Liquid reagent} 1t is enclosed in capsules 2, which are made of a thermostable material (e.g. polyethylene, polystyrene). Capsules 2 with a liquid reagent are placed in the housing 1 in a specific order (according to a certain type of package) so that the free space between them is sufficient (but not through).

dimensional) to accommodate the required amount of solid reagent 3. The initiation of the reaction is carried out

with:

the next

four

CD

M

BO

in a specific way, for example, powder charge 6, or by briefly heating the metal helix. When this happens, the destruction of one or more capsules with a liquid reagent, which reacts with a solid reagent. Due to the exothermic reaction, the temperature at the site of the reaction rises sharply, which leads to the melting and thermal destruction of the capsule walls of the adjacent layer and the process takes on a character similar to the process of burning, for example, mixed solid fuel. The destruction of capsules 1 also contributes to an increase in pressure in the reaction zone due to the evolving gas. Separated gas from the filter 5 is discharged into the nozzle 4. With a sufficient height of the layer of granules (with a height greater than the diameter of the shell), the maximum pressure will be in the reaction zone, because in this case the pressure of the gases is similar to the piston and this pressure is balanced by the forces of the granules against the walls of the shell, However, when the gas generation process comes to an end and the height of the granule layer becomes comparable to the diameter of the body, the pressure on the face layer of the granules will increase dramatically and may exceed the allowable value. This can lead to the emergence of a second center of reaction and will give a cotton effect at the end of the cycle, while the pressure in the body increases above the average Lp. To avoid this, one or more rows of capsules 7 are placed at the end of the body opposite to the outlet fitting. with a generated inert gas (e.g., nitrogen or argon), a damper can interfere with the rows of capsules inside the layer of reactive capsules when it is necessary to control the reaction rate.

PRI me R. Hybrid gas generator. As a hydrogen evolution reaction), decomposition of LiBH water is carried out in the presence of Co (II) compounds;

Libh f

ZH., () - l.i.HO; + ANB in this case, according to stoichiometry per 100 g of water, b L g LiBH is required. Approximately 1 g / cm, 0, L81 1 / cm.

nig-tai p.iotiog p. olm bulk weight I i CI j inner Green dI Amount of balls i: water c1 1 cm I r-iM. (.H (,: gchi 1 ynar.m thickness

shell balls. Let us take a polyethylene HDPE material (GOST 16338-77) with a tensile strength of 21-25 MPa, In this case, at a pressure of p 10 atm ci 10 Pa, the wall thickness will be:

  pR / (0.5 p),

where r d / 2.

For the sphere If 1. In the SI system

 0.5-10-3

1R 2-1-21-10 - 0.5-10.

 0.12. U Z m 0.12 mm.

We accept the additive on the technological reasons from 0,08 mm. Then the calculated wall thickness of the ball will be

S, 3, d + - with 0.2 mm

and outer diameter of the ball D 1.4 cm. The volume occupied by the ball

lu i D 1.44 cm

Accept octahedral packaging, with the volume occupied by the balls

following:

35

ZU2

0.74.

Free volume IU: balls 1: 0.26.

Then the volume of powder per 1 bead.

V

pore

- 1LA-0.26 0.74

0.51 cm

0

five

With a bulk weight of p „0.681 g / cm, the mass of the powder is m q 0.54 g. The mass of water in 1 ball fflg is 0.52 g. Thus, with ectahedral packaging, the masses of powder and water practically correspond to stoichiometry.

In the above example, the main destructive factor will be thermal effects. At a pressure of 10 atm, the boiling point of water is 180 ° C, while the melting point is

low pressure polyethylene is 120-125 C. Since the temperature in

LiBH with water reaches ZOO-AOO C in the reaction zone, local overheating of the capsule walls and local melting is always possible, which leads to water leakage and further reaction.

The reaction rate and, accordingly, the rate of hydrogen evolution can be varied in various ways, for example, replacing the material of the capsule walls (for example, polyethylene by polystyrene), increasing or decreasing the thickness of the capsule walls, changing the type of packaging or the shape of the granules with a liquid reagent.

The proposed gas generator construction ensures a uniform gas flow during the entire generation cycle and increases the useful gas yield while maintaining its autonomy. The generator can operate in zero gravity and its launch is possible remotely. Carrying out the gas generation reaction in layers can significantly reduce the total weight of the generator.

by reducing the weight of the housing compared to a pulse type generator.

Claims (2)

1. A gas generator of gas containing liquid reagent capsules, a solid reagent, an initiating mechanism and a gas outlet pipe, characterized in that, in order to evenly generate gas and increase the gas yield by improving the mixing of the reagents, the capsules with the liquid reagent are placed inside the solid reagent in the form of a proper octahedral package. 2. A gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with additional layers of damping capsules filled with neutral gas and located under the capsules with a solid reagent.