SU1505961A1 - Composition for fuel briquettes - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to carbon-based fuel technology, in particular, to a composition for fuel briquettes intended for heating cars, as well as household fuel. The aim of the invention is to increase the thermal performance and reduce the cost of fuel briquettes. To achieve this goal, the proposed composition contains the following components, wt%: activated carbon 8-12, sodium or potassium salt 3-4, sunflower husk 18-22, wood waste the rest. 1 tab.

Description

The invention relates to carbon-based fuel technology, in particular, the composition for fuel briquettes intended for heating cars, as well as household fuel, and can be used by enterprises that have wood waste in their production.

The aim of the invention is to improve the technological characteristics and reduce the cost of fuel briquettes.

Example. For the preparation of the composition for fuel briquettes, sunflower husks with the composition of the organic mass are used,%: C 51.7: H 6.3; nitrogen and oxygen else, and an inorganic part containing, and Ca, Nad or KC1 with a grain size of 150–200 µm, active carbon of the gas type (or bypass of these coals) with a total porosity of 60 cm / g, a moisture content of 5% and a grain size of 60 - 100 microns, for example, grades АГ-2 ,, СКТ, MD, wood waste of mixed breeds from sawing frames, sawmills, cut chip machines, the largest particle size is not more than 10 mm, humidity is not more than 12%.

The components are metered, mixed, and jCMecb is pressed in a mold at a specific pressure of 100 PCS with cylindrical briquettes (40x x25 mm).

Characteristics of the obtained fuel briquettes from the composition containing, in wt.%: Activated coal 12, sunflower husk 22, sodium chloride 3, wood waste 63: Heat of combustion, MJ / kg 19.1

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Ash content,% 4-6

Density, g / cm 1.0-1.1 Humidity,% 2

Volatile yield,% 74-76 Compressive strength, MPa140 Burning temperature 480 ° C, burning time 90 min, fuel utilization rate 0.097.

The table presents the compositions for fuel briquettes, the modes of briquetting and the thermal performance of briquettes from the proposed composition.

These components are incorporated into the composition to obtain the desired properties by changing the kinetics of combustion of the fuel. Activated carbon is introduced as an adsorbent to reduce the volatile content in the first stage of combustion (before establishing thermodynamic equilibrium), which also reduces the temperature gradient. Sunflower husk, being a good adsorbent in the first stage, has an effect similar to activated carbon, and in the second stage (with a steady burning process) acts as an inhibitor, reducing the burning rate and increasing its duration. The introduction of Na or K salts enhances the action of the husk and increases the duration of the burning of the fuel. A change in the percentage of sunflower husk in the direction of an increase (more than 22 wt.%) Leads to a decrease in the mechanical strength of the briquette, its cracking and delamination, and the ignition of the fuel. The change in the direction of decreasing (less than 18 wt.%) The content of husk reduces the duration of burning, increases the yield of volatile substances. At 22 wt.% Sunflower husk, the duration of burning a fixed mass of fuel equal to 142 g, 90 min, and the yield of volatile substances 73.2% (when the content of the sunflower husk is 18 May.% The duration of burning is 75 min, the output of volatile is 85.2%) . The content of activated carbon is the minimum necessary to achieve the goal. With an increase in the content of active carbon in the briquette (more than 12 wt.%), The cost of the briquette increases. The change in the direction of decreasing the content of active carbon (less than

0 c o c

five

8 wt.%) Reduces the duration of burning and increases the yield of volatile substances (when the content of activated carbon is 12 wt.%, The duration of burning is 90 minutes, the yield of volatile substances is 81.4%, and when the content is 8%, respectively 75 minutes and 84.9%.

A change in the percentage of salt Na or K towards an increase (more than 4%) leads to a decrease in the duration of combustion, an increase in the ash content of the fuel and an increase in the temperature gradient. A change in the direction of a decrease (more than 3%) in the salt content reduces the duration of combustion and the maximum temperature space (with a salt content of 3% burning time 90 min, ash content 4%, maximum temperature in the furnace space 480 C, and with a content of 9%, respectively 88 min, 12.2%). By reducing the percentage of salt to zero, the burning time is 85 min | maximum temperature of the flue space ..

I

The proposed composition dp fuel briquettes in comparison with the known provides an increase in fuel efficiency by 25%, in addition, the proposed composition provides cheaper fuel briquettes by reducing the cost of their manufacture more than 1.5 times compared with the known composition (cheaper materials and elimination of the use of organic binders in the liquid state and drying).

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A composition for fuel briquettes containing crushed wood waste, coal, sodium or potassium salt, and an organic additive, characterized in that, in order to improve thermal performance and reduce the cost of fuel briquettes, it contains activated carbon and, as an organic additive, sunflower husk in the following ratio components, wt.%: Activated coal 8-12 Salt sodium or kali 3-4 Sunflower husk 18-22 Wood waste Rest eight ten 12 ten 12 22 20 18 22 22 67 67 66 65 63 3 3 A 3 3 120 180 180. 120 120 22.4 22.7 22.9 23.1 23.2 13.7 12.1 12.1 13.7 13.7 1.1 1.18 1.20 1.22 1.25