SU1584767A1 - Method of protecting soils from water erosion - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of protecting the soil from erosion. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of purification of surface runoff and improve the moisture supply of plants. In the lower part of the sloping lobbed slope across hollows across the horizontal meters of the terrain they arrange trenches with a shaft. The bottom of the trench is made with a recess in the central part where hydrophytes are planted, for example reed, reed, reed, and in the peripheral parts of the trenches we drill holes up to the groundwater level, fill them with moistened fine material, for example forest. culture. 3 il.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for protecting soils from erosion.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of purification of surface runoff and improve the moisture supply of plants.

FIG. Figure 1 shows the layout of the trench; in fig. 2 shows section A-A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 shows a section BB in FIG. .

Trench 1 is placed horizontally m terrain (Fig. 1). Along the trench, a shaft 2 is formed, expanding to the site of the highest flow concentration along the thalweg. Holes 3 are made along the bottom of the trench at a distance of 1-3 m. The bottom of the trench is stepped (Fig. 2) to form a pond 4 providing better conditions for the growth of hydrophytes 5 and the absorption of biogenic substances from surface runoff, and to reduce flooding of afforestation 6 .

Holes 3 are drilled to the level of groundwater and filled with finely dispersed material, for example, moistened loess. The capillary rim 7 in a uniform filler rises above the root zone 8 (Fig. 3)

The method is carried out in the lower part of the hollow slope with a steepness of 1-3 ° on abandoned lands or lands allocated for pasture.

Under the route of the trench with a shaft bulldozer, for example T-100, remove vegetation. On the bottom and slopes of the hollow by an excavator, for example, 3-2621, along a line close to the horizontal, a trench is arranged. Its peripheral part has a small reverse slope (0.002-0.005) to quench the water velocity and create a backwater. With a trough width along the bottom of 15-20 m, the depth of the trench depth will be 25-30 m. The trench depth in the peripheral part should be no more than 0.5. The central part of the trench is buried 0.5 m relative to the bottom of the peripheral part to improve the growing conditions of hydrophytes (reeds, reeds, reed mace).

In order to avoid a breakthrough of the shaft, the mark of the shaft ridge in the thalweg should not be less than the mark of the overflow of water from the end

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trench nails. Holes for planting plantations are drilled with an URB -2.5 A drilling rig at a distance of 1-3 m. Plants are planted in holes filled with fine material, such as loess, wetted to a gelatinous condition. In case of soil conditions unfavorable for the growth of hydrophytes, the bottom of the trench is also covered with loess. In order to increase the area of interception of surface runoff, the device of the second trench should be started no closer than the place of crossing the current line of the unregulated part of it.

Surface runoff, flowing along the bottom of the trench, is cleared of nutrients and pesticides by T.DB biocenosis of higher aquatic plants (for example, reed, reed), during the growing season, and in the cold period by the soil absorbing complex, filtered through the bottom and walls of the trench , dissected by the root system of hydrophytes. Their vegetative mass will have a warming effect and will reduce the freezing of the soil. The shape of the shaft is curved, approaching the horizontal and m, as well as vegetative. The hydrophyte mass gives it strength in places of runoff concentration compared to the linear one. In the frontal part of the trench, where hydrophytes are planted, it has greater depth. The ends of the shaft are protected from being eroded by plantations planted in pits. During a flood recession, part of the water remains in the central part of the trench and contributes to the development of hydrophytes. In the peripheral parts of the trench, which have a variable depth, the increased moisture provision of plants in the pits is achieved due to the capillary rise of water.

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Capillary rise of water is enhanced by creating holes that are filled with finely dispersed material, such as loess, when the moisture content is higher than the field capacity. The groundwater reserves are replenished by transferring surface runoff to groundwater in the places where hydrophytes grow and through pits with simultaneous removal of contaminating ingredients.

Using the proposed method of protecting the soil from water erosion provides, compared with the known method, a longer erosion and stockpile treatment due to the landing of higher aquatic vegetation, increased shaft resistance to erosion in talweg trough due to the curved and extended shaft shape, as well as above ground mass of hydrophytes, increased plant moisture due to capillary rise of water

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Claims (1)

Invention Formula A method of protecting soil from water erosion, including planting of trees, placed horizontally, and the creation of hydraulic structures in the form of trenches with a shaft, made with bottoming, characterized by that. that, in order to improve the efficiency of surface runoff treatment and improve the plant moisture moisture, hydrophytes, for example, reed, reed, reed, are planted in the recesses of the bottom of the neck, and the groundwater levels in the peripheral parts of the trenches are filled with valuable forest material, for example, loess, and planted forest crops in them. 1 | I flow direction 6-5 Fig.Z Editor A. Makovska Order 2276 Compiled by Aavaepa Tehred A. Kravchch.Korg - T. Paliy Circulation 499 Subscription VNIIPI State Committee on Inventors-. and open at the State Committee on Science and Technology of the USSR 113035, Moscow, Zh-3 -... pub. . t Production and publishing plant “Paghet. . .Ch / pyr ,,. Gagarin, 101 2