SU1574542A1 - Solar sea-water desalination plant - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of solar energy and can be used to desalinate saline water. The aim of the invention is to reduce the energy consumption for raising water to a desalter. The essence of the invention is that, in contrast to the known solar desalination plants, including a reservoir, trays, a transparent surface and a device for lifting water from a source to a solar concentrator with a water receiver at the end of the suction piping of a water elevator, the proposed solar desalter has a water receiver 4 with walls of a semipermeable membrane. The tank is filled with an aqueous solution of a salt of greater concentration than the concentration of desalinated water and is connected by pipeline 5 to reservoir 1 for desalinated water. The tank is equipped with a tank 8 placed inside it, the lower part of which is connected to the lower part of the tank 4 by a channel 7 located inside the pipeline 5. 2 Il.

Description

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The invention relates to solar energy and can be used to desalinate saline water.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce operating costs.

FIG. 1 shows a helium descender, general view; FIG. 2 - the same, longitudinal section.

The solar water heater contains a tank for desalinated water 1, trays 2, transparent coatings 3. Under the tank 1 there is a container k, the walls of which are made in the form of a semipermeable membrane. The container 4 is connected to the tank 1 by the pipeline 5 and is immersed in a water source 6. The lower part of the tank 4 is connected by a channel 7 located inside the pipeline 5 to the lower part of the tank 8 located inside the tank 1 and connected in the upper part to the latter through the holes 9. The tank The helium inhibitor is equipped with a condensate discharge pipe 10.

Helicopter works as follows.

Before launching the solar desiccator, tank 4 is filled with a salt solution with a concentration greater than the concentration of desalinated water. Under the action of direct osmosis, water molecules penetrate through the semipermeable membrane of tank 4, the level of the aqueous solution begins to rise, tank 1 and tank 8 are filled with solution through conduit 5 and channel 7 to the working level, after which the solar gel is considered ready for operation

The sun's rays pass through inclined coatings 3. heat the solution in the tank 8. Water evaporates, condenses on the inner surface of coating 3 and collects in trays 2, and from there by gravity flows to the consumer. The concentration of salt in the surface layer of the solution in the tank 8 increases, its density increases and it begins to descend into the lower part of the tank 8 and then through the channel 7 to the lower part of the tank, where the density of the solution decreases due to dilution with water entering through the semi-permeable membrane. The presence of a concentration difference leads to the circulation of the solution from the tank 8 through the channel 7 into the tank and further along the pipeline 5 to the tank 1,

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connected through openings 9 with tank 8. To reduce the effect on circulation of the temperature difference between the solution in the upper part of tank 8 and tank k, channel 7 is placed inside pipe 5, while the more mature solution coming from tank 8 to channel 7 gives off some heat the solution moving through conduit 5, and the temperature in the tempering and lifting portions of the circulation loop is partially equalized. In the proposed device for lifting the solution into the Solar Desalination Plant, an osmotic cell of a known pressure generator is used — a solution chamber separated from the solvent chamber by a semi-permeable membrane. The combination of this water-lifting device with a solar pressure meter gives a new quality, which consists in the fact that, on the one hand, the work of the solar pressure sensor improves, on the other hand, the performance of the water-lifting device improves. Improving the operation of a water-lifting device operating on the basis of direct osmosis is that in the proposed device the water-lifting means gets a new property — it acquires the ability to work continuously without stopping to change the solution, i.e. from the pressure generator, the cell is converted into an osmotic pump. Improving the operation of the solar desorber is that suspended matter and hardness that fall out of the salt solution do not accumulate on the walls of its reservoir.

In the proposed installation, before putting it into operation, it is possible to prepare the solution in the tank k artificially, from salts that do not give deposits, for example, from pure table salt, and this completely eliminates the precipitation of suspended solids and insoluble compounds from the solution. The deposition of these contaminants is possible on the membrane from the source water. This process is limited by the fact that, as a result of the convective movement of water amplified by water heating, 3ai-p, knowledge is washed from the surface of the membrane and falls to the bottom of the reservoir. Thus, in the proposed device, it is possible to replace the deposition of contaminants in the reservoir with the deposition due to (- knowledge at the water supply source,

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FIG. 2

Claims (1)

Claim A solar desalter, including a desalinated water tank, a transparent surface, source water and brine pipelines, trays and pipelines for collecting and draining condensate, and a means of lifting water into the desalination unit installed on the pipe 1574542 of the source water, which can be operating stations for lifting water in the desalination unit is made in the form of a tank immersed in a water source with walls of a semipermeable membrane connected by a pipeline to the tank for desalinated water, and the tank is provided with an external three tanks with a channel connecting it to the bottom of the tank.