SU1554826A1 - Irrigation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to automate irrigation, for example, drip, in greenhouses when growing crops, taking into account the rational use of natural rainfall and strict observance of environmental protection measures for the protection of the environment. The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of irrigation and save electricity and water by maximizing the use of natural rainfall. The irrigation system consists of closed containers 6 made of transparent material mounted along the supports of the greenhouse 1 for collecting natural sediments. The ends of the grooves 3 on the roof of the greenhouse are plugged and have bottom and end water outlets 5. The tanks 6 are equipped with the plungers 20 and the flow redistribution sensor 22, which is electrically connected to the pump 30 installed in the reserve tank 29 installed below the floor of the greenhouse 1. Water from the tanks 6 flows through distribution pipelines 7 into irrigation pipelines 8, laid inside containers 9 with a substrate (soil) and having point or slot water inlets. Two control containers are placed on the platform with different-sized arms of the lever-weight mechanism and, through the contact switches of the control system, are connected to control valves 19 installed on distribution pipes 7, as well as a light board and a recording device of the start and end of irrigation at the control room. 2 hp f-ly, 3 ill.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to drip irrigation in greenhouses, and is intended to automate the management of the irrigation regime in the cultivation of agricultural crops and the rational use of natural rainfall.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of irrigation and save energy and water by maximizing the use of natural rainfall.

FIG. 1 shows an irrigation system, a general view; in fig. 2 shows the construction of a substrate moisture sensor in control containers with soil and plants; in fig. 3 shows the construction of a flow redistribution sensor.

The irrigation system includes 2 drainage channels 3 s installed on a greenhouse with a roof. partitions k, water outlets 5, closed containers 6 of transparent material for collecting natural sediments, mounted along the walls of the greenhouse and connected by distribution pipelines 7, irrigation perforated pipes 8 passing through containers 9 located in the greenhouse 1. The system also includes a humidity sensor substrate, made in the form of control containers 10, laid on a lever-gear mechanism 11 with a limiter 12 and a supporting prism 13 mounted on a concrete base 1. Containers installed with the possibility of interaction with the pushers 15, the springs 16 and when the mechanism 11 is rotated around the horizontal axis

five

0

five

0

3

0

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They operate with closing contacts 1 7 and with opening contacts 18.

In addition, the system includes electrically-controlled valves 19 installed on distribution pipelines 7, valves 20 installed in closed containers 6 of transparent material, discharge pipe 21 and drain redistribution sensor 22 made in the form of a sealed capsule 23 with ring magnets 2k and a restrictive prism 25, a normally open upper reed switch 26, a normally closed lower reed switch 27 and a control relay 28. A reserve irrigation tank 29 is installed below the greenhouse floor level, I pump up the pump 30 j / i their pipeline.

Irrigation system works as follows.

Atmospheric precipitations falling on the greenhouse 1 flow down roof 2 into channels 3, blocked at the beginning and end by partitions. Due to this precipitation accumulates in channels 3 and through water outlets 5 located in the bottom of the channel, they enter transparent containers 6 from the bottom. material for the collection of natural sediments. If plants growing in containers 9 and control containers 10 do not need to be watered, sediments accumulate in closed containers 6 made of transparent material to collect natural sediments. If the sediments continue to fall out and the closed containers 6 overflow, then the water through the outlets 5 located on the partitions C,

515

enters the discharge pipelines 21

and a reserve tank 29. When the sediments enter the closed tank 6, the air tanks 20 pass through themselves and allow the full volume of the closed tank 6 to be used. After planting in the containers 9 and the control containers 10, they make post-irrigation and moisture of the substrate (soil). t to the lowest capacity (HB). In this case, the lever-and-weight mechanism 11 of the substrate humidity sensor is in the equilibrium state, and the entire system is in the standby mode. Permanently disconnecting 18 pins of the switch are closed and the watering board in the control room is off. There is no watering. It indicates that the entire system is powered by current.

The moisture sensor of the substrate works as follows.

There are two control containers that are laid on platforms with short and long arms of a lever-weight mechanism. The operation of the device is based on the principle of equality of moments of forces in the lever-weight mechanism with different-sized shoulders.

Analytically this is described by the equation

l; P. 1 where 1. and 1- Р. and R, Two

t2 i2,

the length of the short and long arms of the lever-weight mechanism, the mass of the control containers lying on the short and long arms.

The control containers are loaded with greenhouse soil and their moisture is adjusted to the lowest moisture content (HB), one of the control containers is weighed and placed on a platform with a long arm, for example, 1.5 m. For example, its weight is 0 kg. Then calculate the weight of the second container, which must be placed on the platform with a short shoulder length of 1, k m; Р 11Р, / 1 «k2,8 kg. In this case, the moments of forces will be equal, 4 P, jla 60 and the lever-weight system will be installed horizontally, which is checked using a level.

As the plants consume moisture from the containers and control containers, their mass will decrease. At the same time, at the expense of a larger moment of force, the control container, thirsting for a short arm, will start to fall down, and the weight mechanism will rotate counterclockwise. For example, during evaporation from each container, 5 kg of moisture by 0

0

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1 ,, 350,5

1гРг 37, 8

shine "1.4.

Consequently, when water evaporates, there is no transfer of a container lying on a platform with a short shoulder. If the soil moisture in the control containers decreases to the pre-irrigation threshold, the control container with a short arm presses the pusher 15, the spring 1b, and closes the closing contacts 17 of the contact switch.

Greenhouses are made of glass or transparent film. Therefore, the lighting in greenhouses is quite intense and uniform. In order not to impair the light, the container 6 is made of transparent material. Control containers are installed at a point corresponding to the average light indices, which is easy to detect with a pressure gauge.

Limiters 12 serve to lock the lever-weight mechanism in a position corresponding to the design parameters. They are necessary so that when the lever-weight mechanism is in operation, the lever does not slip along the bearing prism 13 and the length of the arms does not change.

After the contacts 17 are closed, the electrical circuit of the control valves 19 is closed, they will open and water will begin to flow into the irrigation perforated pipes 8 through the distribution pipes 7, and from them into the soil of the containers 9 and the control containers 10; watering will begin. In the control room, the board will light up. Watering is in progress and the electric clock will start counting the time of the irrigation duration. At the same time, the permanently closed contacts of the switch 18 are open and the Watering panel does not go out.

As the irrigation rate is issued, the weight of the control containers 10 will begin to increase and when the moisture content of the substrate HB is reached, the lever-weight mechanism 11 will return to its initial equilibrium state, the closing contacts 17 of the switch will open

0

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, 1 vp (the solenoid valve will close the distribution pipe 7 to get water, and the water supply will stop. The control panel will go out at the control point. The electric clock goes on and stops. At the same time, the constantly disconnecting contacts of the switch 18 are closed and the Watering panel lights up. No. The whole system will be on standby.

When irrigating, the water level in the closed containers 6 will decrease. Together with the water level will be lowered and slide along the airtight "

8268

the clocks of the upper reed switch 26 are open, the coil of the control relay 28 is de-energized, the contacts K 3, K k, K 5, K 6 open and turn off the pump 30. The water supply to the closed containers 6 of transparent material will stop. The application of the proposed system creates the possibility of rational use of natural resources, thereby reducing the energy consumption for the preparation, supply and distribution of irrigation water. At the same time, the quality of irrigation in

Capsules 23 are upper circular magdadas, since for this purpose using

25

thirty

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nit. When reaching the upper stop (prism; 2, it closes the closing contacts of the upper reed switch 26, but the bobbing system does not work until the lower ring magnet 24 drops below the stop and the break contacts of the lower reed switch 27 does not close. This is due to the fact that both the reed switch and the relay coil are connected in series to the electric circuit. Therefore, the booster system will not work, since the coil's control circuit, MD, F o relay 28 will be broken by the open contacts of the normally closed reed switch 27, the hook The bottom cohecovite magnet 24, pressed fully against the stop, will work only when the water in the closed container 6 made of transparent material drops to a minimum mark. In this case, the lower ring magnet 24 drops below the stop and the contacts of the normally closed reed switch 27 are closed. power relay 28 is energized with current, contacts K 3 and K A are closed, - and will block the power supply, and contacts K L and K 6 are closed and the pump 30 is turned on. Pumping of water from the reserve capacity 29 into closed capacity 6 of prozra personal material. As water enters, the lower ring magnet 24 will reach the bottom, it is time 25 and the break contacts of the lower reed switch 27 will open. But the electrical circuit of pump 30 will not open because the winding of the control relay 28 is blocked by its own contacts K 3 and K 4. When the level water in a closed container 6 made of transparent material rises to the Maximum mark, the upper ring magnet 2k pops up and closes the end 40

55

Rainwaters that are not contaminated with mineral and organic substances and have high dissolving power and biological activity. A high level of nature protection is achieved, the area around greenhouses is protected from waterlogging, and drainage water is not discharged into water bodies and watercourses. Reduced costs for the construction of environmental measures. In addition, inside the greenhouses themselves there is no contact between the person (and the greenhouse floor) and the substrate on which the plants are grown. Due to this, pathogens and pests of plants are not transferred from the source of possible damage. The costs of fighting them are drastically reduced. The applied fertilizer with irrigation water is fully developed by plants and does not contaminate the underlying soil layers. Saving fertilizer and money.

In addition, the invention provides automation of irrigation, taking into account the biological needs of plants on water, taking into account the possibility to automate the supply of fertilizers in accordance with the needs of plants. All this guarantees high and sustainable yields of agricultural crops in greenhouses with minimal expenditures of fixed assets and labor.

Claims (3)

1. An irrigation system that includes a tank for irrigation, a water supply pump, a distribution pipe with an electrically controlled water supply valve to irrigation pipelines with drip or slit water outlets in containers with a substrate for 0 five 0 five five 0 five Rainwaters that are not contaminated with mineral and organic substances and have high dissolving power and biological activity. A high level of nature protection is achieved, the area around greenhouses is protected from waterlogging, and drainage water is not discharged into water bodies and watercourses. Reduced costs for the construction of environmental protection measures. In addition, inside the greenhouses themselves there is no contact between the person (and the floor of the greenhouse) and the substrate on which the plants are grown. Due to this, pathogens and pests of plants are not transferred from the source of possible damage. The costs of fighting them are drastically reduced. The applied fertilizer with irrigation water is completely absorbed by the plants and does not contaminate the underlying soil layers. Saving fertilizer and money. In addition, the invention provides automation of irrigation, taking into account the biological needs of plants about water, taking into account the ability to automate the supply of fertilizers in accordance with the needs of plants. All this guarantees high and sustainable yields of agricultural crops in greenhouses with minimal expenditures of fixed assets and labor. Invention Formula 1. An irrigation system that includes a tank for irrigation, a water supply pump, a distribution pipe with an electrically controlled water supply valve to irrigation pipelines with drip or slit water outlets in containers with a substrate for greenhouse planting, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of irrigation and save electricity and water by maximizing the use of natural precipitation, the system is equipped with closed containers of transparent material for collecting rainfall, installed in the outer walls of the greenhouse , drainage gutters installed along the edges of the roof of the greenhouse, the substrate humidity sensor in containers, redistribution sensor through disconnecting contacts a drain installed in one of the closed containers and a control panel with a lithium source, a light indication of irrigation and a recording device associated with the pump, a mirror-controlled valve and sensors for the redistribution of water and humidity of the substrate, and the chutes are equipped with partitions at the ends, bottom water outlets into closed containers and waste pipelines to drain water into the irrigation tank installed below the greenhouse floor, and the pump is hydraulically connected by the inlet to the irrigation tank, and the outlet is closed capacitances connected to each other and to the inlet of the distribution pipeline. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor for redistributing the drain is filled in the form of upper and lower reed switches installed in a sealed capsule at maximum and minimum altitudes II4J / M  -) JT Js control valve, board and fjtexwpwfCKUft wcaf 5b82b Levels in a closed container and two magnets interacting with them, mounted on the floats with the possibility of free vertical movement relative to the capsule body, equipped with upper and lower capsules5 mi installed between the reed switches on the outside of the housing, as well as the pump start relay, one end of the winding of which is connected to one of the poles of the power source through the closing contact of the upper reed switch, and the other end to the second pole the lower reed switch, and the break contacts of the lower reed switch are shuffled by the self-blocking contacts of the relay. 3. The system according to claim 1, that is, so that the substrate humidity sensor is made in the form of a different arm with containers installed on its shoulders with different dry weight, irrigation pipes in which are connected between themselves and with irrigation pipes of other containers with hoses, and two pairs of closing contacts, kinematically connected with the long arm of the lever, 0 and electrically - by the switch of the electro-controlled valve, and the disconnecting lever, kinematically connected with the short arm, and electrically - with the light indication of the control unit, with the values of the moments of the weight of the containers on the arms of the lever being equal to the smallest moisture capacity of the substrate. five 15 ktzblo lolivone / l FIG g .. vvwv-vx-vvxx-vx-yv ETC. 26 and To pump 28 one i Kb L m /L / € xxxxx l l l l l-xx7 g l Z zO 25 Phage.Z