SU1411295A1 - Method of biological purification of water in water pools or water flow sections - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the protection of water and is intended for use when carrying out water protection measures in reservoirs (reservoirs, lakes) or sections of drainage streams (rivers, canals) of drinking water and technical water supply, namely the intensification of biological treatment of transported water from contaminating water. substances of chemical and biological origin, and can also be used for the purification of return water in man-made structures (ponds, drainage canals, etc.). The aim of the invention is to improve the economy and productivity of the cleaning process. In the biochemical purification method, which includes the transportation of the purified water through the thickets of higher aquatic plants at the entrance to the reservoir or section of the watercourse and / or at the exit from it, periodically, in two stages, continuously replacing one another,. the gradual change of the water level in the high water plants' gills from the minimum to the maximum and vice versa, while in the first stage the flow of water at the entrance to the reservoir or section of the watercourse is set higher than The exit from it, until the maximum level of water is reached in zales, equal to the limiting depth of growth of the plants forming the thickets, in the second stage the water flow at the entrance to the water body or section of the watercourse is set lower than the flow rate at the exit from it, until the minimum water level is reached in overgrowths equal to the optimum depth of growth of these plants, and the difference between the costs at the entrance to the reservoir or section of the watercourse and at the exit from it is established such that the total duration of two successors stages does not exceed the time required for the complete purification of water in zales. 1 hp f-ly, 5 ill. "(L 1 hd sd

Description

The invention relates to the protection of iodine, the purification of natural and waste waters with the participation of higher aquatic plants and can be used in water bodies, canals and on regulated sections of rivers.

The purpose of the invention is to show the efficiency and productivity of the cleaning process,

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the use of the method in a pond; FIG. 2 is a section A-A in FIG. on fig.Z - section BB on figure 2; 4 is a schematic diagram of the use of the method at a section of a water course; Fig., 5 is a section bb In figure 4.

The scheme contains a reservoir 1, a supply water flow 2, a discharge water flow 3, a device 4 for changing the water flow at the entrance to the water reservoir 1, a device 5 for changing the water flow at the exit of the water reservoir 1, overgrown 6 higher aquatic plants

Scheme for using the method

in the section of the watercourse contains a section 7 of the watercourse with gaps 6 placed on the underwater horizontal berms 8, a device 9 for changing the flow rate at the entrance to the section 7 and the device 10 for changing the expenses of water at the exit of the section 7. The method is carried out in the following way.

The water through the waterway 2 is fed into the reservoir 1, is transported through the thickets of 6 highest aquatic plants, after which according to the water discharge 3 the purified water is diverted, 1 passing through the thickets, the water is purified from contaminating impurities. At the entrance to the reservoir by the device 4 and / or at the exit from it by the device 5, periodically in two stages. Changes in the water flow are carried out, ensuring a gradual change in the LEVEL of water in zales x 6 from minimum to maximum and back. In the first stage, the water flow at the entrance to the reservoir is set larger than at the outlet from it, and its level is increased to the maximum equal to the Maximum depth of plant species used for water purification. In the second stage, directly tTBeHHo next to the first, the water consumption at the entrance to the pond is set lower than at the exit from it, and its level in the pond is lowered from the maximum to the minimum, equal to the optimal depth of growth.

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of these plants. Immediately after reaching the minimum level, the first stage of the change in the water discharge is again carried out and the water level is increased to the maximum level, thus producing a continuous change of stages.

In contrast to the constant flooding of plants to a depth greater than optimal, their periodic diving to a depth greater than optimal, but not exceeding the maximum depth of their growth, occurring during the implementation of the method does not lead to degradation of thickets. At the same time, an additional plant surface periodically in contact with water is included in the cleaning. On this surface, as well as on permanently immersed parts, a bacterioperiphyton film is formed, which periodically immerses into water and makes it clean. In this way, an increase in the volume of water treated in the backwater is achieved.

As a result of continuous changes in the water level in the overgrowth, the purified water continuously moves in the horizontal and vertical directions, which ensures the continuous flow of contaminating impurities into the surface of the contact of water with the plant surface and the bacterioperiphyton film, as well as the removal of purified water from this zone.

In order to fully utilize the cleaning ability of plants and provide the necessary water exchange in the crop, the total duration of two consecutive stages of flow change is set not to exceed the time required for complete water purification of the plant water. This is achieved by establishing the required difference in water consumption calculated by calculation - tivocate kondy of the reservoir or section of the watercourse at each stage of changing costs.

If the total duration of two successive stages of change in costs is equal to or close to one day, then the first stage is carried out from 0 to 12 hours per day, and the second from 12 to 24 hours. At that, the minimum water level is reached at night, and the maximum - in the daytime, which prevents drying periodically in contact with water

sections of the bacteriopuriphyton film and improves the oxygen regime in the treated water

Example. The method is carried out on a channel with a cross-sectional area of 231 m2 in the area between two pumping stations located at a distance of 20 km from each other. On the mountain: the new berms of this area, a canal 4 m wide, reed beds (coastal bioplato) are located, the area of which is 16 hectares. The flow rate of water transported through the canal from B11K (d) 10 kg02 / l is 60. At the same time, at each pumping station there are three pumping units with a capacity of 20 m of water of 1 s each. Water pollution is caused by the decomposition of green algae entering the canal from a water source - the reservoir.

The cleaning time for water reeds with a similar type of contamination, which is a squeezing decrease in the level of contamination from 10 by BOD to the required value of 3 mg, according to a semi-production experiment, is 10.4 hours. Consequently, the period of water level fluctuations in the area under consideration the channel should not exceed 10.4 hours. When oscillations are carried out, the minimum water depth in the rift, equal to the optimum depth of reed growth, is set to 1.5. m, and maximum, is equal to the maximum depth of its growth in the canal; - equal to 2m. In order to raise the water level in the considered section of the channel from the minimum level to the maximum during a time not exceeding 0.5 oscillation period (in this case 5.2 hours), it is necessary to create a difference between the water flow at the entrance to this section and at the outlet from him equal to 35.3. Close to this value, the difference in flow rates of 40 m / s is achieved by turning off one pump unit at the upper pumping station and additionally turning on one pump unit at the lower pump station. At the same time, the phase of raising the level from the minimum to the maximum in the canal section lasts 4.6 h, at the lower pumping station 4 units are working, and at the upper pumping station 2 units (at each pumping station of the canal with 6 pumps). In the moment

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when the maximum level is reached, the operation mode of the pumping stations is changed so that now there are 2 units working on the lower pumping station and 4 units at the upper pumping station, thereby changing the sign of the difference between the flow rates at these pumping stations to the opposite. Over the next 4.6 hours, the water level in the channel section decreases from the maximum to the minimum, after which the sign of the difference between the water flows at these pumping stations is again reversed. At the same time, the average flow rate of water transported through the canal does not change; in the canstle area, continuous fluctuations of the water level occur with a period of 9.2 hours, which is shorter than the time of water purification in zales to the required quality in terms of.

The average water depth in zaras x 1.75 m, and the average volume of water in zaral x, 280 thousand m,

When used in these conditions of a known method, the volume of water found in the beds will be 190 thousand meters (average depth in the beds, 1.2 meters) due to the change in the water depth along the berms. Thus, the volume of water treated in zales using the proposed method is almost 1.5 times more than the known, and this increase is achieved only by changing the operating mode of pumping stations without additional capital and operating costs. .. In addition, the necessary movement of water in the water gap between the water gap and the non-growing part of the canal is also provided, while using the known method, capital expenditures are needed to create special ledges for this purpose. on the berm of the channel.

Claims (1)

1. A method of biological purification of water in reservoirs or sections of watercourses with a variable water level, including the transportation of purified water through thickets of higher aquatic plants, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency and productivity of the purification process, at the entrance to the reservoir or section of the watercourse and / or on leaving it periodically in two stages, continuous-H (b replacing one another, producing and: changing water consumption, ensuring irpjie continuous and gradual change of water level in the growth of higher aquatic plants from minimal to maximal and vice versa, while The first stage. The flow of water at the entrance to the reservoir or the section of the watercourse is set, 1 is poured larger than the flow rate at the exit from it, until the maximum water level is reached, equal to the maximum depth of growth of the overgrown plant species. input nodes - In a reservoir or section of a watercourse, set less than the flow rate at the exit from it, before reaching the mini the maximum level of vodts in the area equal to the optimum depth of growth of these plants, and the difference between the costs of Bxoja, e in the water body or section of the watercourse and at its exit is set such that the total duration of two successive stages does not exceed the time required for complete sources of water in the water. 2 The method according to claim 1, 1 and 2, and with the fact that, with a total duration of two successive stages equal to or close to one day, the first stage is carried out from 0 to 12 hours after the last time, and the second - from 12 to 24 h. L f / ; f 6 / i fpUS.2 V / fie.d 0as, i AT in-c .L / rvu. d u.S