SU1410911A1 - Method of controlling soil erosion in gardens and vineyards - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to agriculture. The purpose of the invention is to increase the anti-erosion efficiency of the method, to improve the water regime of the soil, growth and development of cultural plantings. After the application of fertilizers on the slope 1 site, before the tinning, a waterproof screen — film 2 — is placed across the entire width of the bedded between, placed under the soil layer 3 with a slope relative to the horizontal soil surface. In this case, the edges 4 of the film are folded down and placed close to the axis of the adjacent rows of grapes 5. The depth of embedding of the film is determined by the need to create vegetation cover 6 of the desired species composition, ensuring reliable soil fixation between the rows, and the depth of the heel roots of the grapevine . If the exact roots 7 are located above the film, they will suffer from a lack of moisture and will not develop well when drying the topsoil. 1 il. S

Description

about

00

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of erosion protection of soils in orchards and vineyards.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the anti-erosion efficiency of the method, to improve the water regime of the soil, growth and development of cultural plantings.

The drawing shows the placement of the film in the soil between vineyards.

In the drawing there is a slope 1, a water-impermeable screen (film) 2, soil 3, an edge 4 of the screen (film), a grape bush 5, a vegetation cover 6 and the exact roots 7.

The method is carried out as follows.

Sections of slope 1 are selected, which are supposed to be covered using a waterproof screen (film) 2. The sections have stripes across the main direction of the surface runoff of melt and storm water. A foil using a film can be carried out in near-stem circles of fruit trees, in rows of plantings, in vineyards, it is better to do zaluzheniye between the fields. This makes it possible to conduct tinning at any stage of the cultivation of vineyards — during planting, in the 1st to 4th year of caring for young plantings, and later during operation. Mineral fertilizers are applied at locations that imply tinning based on the many years of planting needs. Fertilizers are applied using a POOH-2A mask to deeper soil layers (up to 40 cm).

After fertilizer application, a waterproof screen (film) is placed in the soil across the width of the hallway between the layers 2. To do this, under a layer of soil 3, put down the roots of grape bush 5 with an inclination relative to the horizontal surface of the soil. When the exact roots 7 are located above the film 2, they, when drying the upper layer of soil 3, suffer from a lack of moisture, poorly developed, partially die off, which leads to a decrease in the yield of the grape bush. The film is sealed to a depth of 10-35 cm (depth of 20 cm is optimal). In addition, the depth of embedding of the film is determined by the need to create vegetation cover 6 of the desired species composition, which ensures a reliable fixation of the soil between the rows. The location of the film at an optimum depth of 20 cm makes it possible to grow herbs such as meadow grass, sheepfish, fescue, hedgehog grass, shepherd's bag, live grass. This grass cover contributes to an increased erosion efficiency. In grasses, a powerful root system develops predominantly in the top layer of soil above the film; sod is formed - interweaving of roots and rhizomes.

the surface arrangement of the branching lateral shoots, which firmly holds the top layer of soil, washed away with water.

Film 2 is placed in 2-4 spacing between. The edges 4 of the film are placed close to the axis of the neighboring rows of grapes 5. In order not to damage the edges, 4 films are tilted down by an angle of 30–45 ° with soil tillage tools from adjacent rows of 30-40 cm each edge. This bend angle ensures the safety of the film at any depth of its incorporation into the soil. The soil layer 3 above the film protects it from damage by the tractor tracks during planting maintenance. The film 2 itself, under the layer of soil 3, does not carry out agricultural work.

A waterproof screen separating the soil layer 3 on the top (above the film) and the bottom (under the film) prevents the movement of water from the top layer of soil to the bottom, and vice versa. In this case, grass cover is formed by moisture, which is in the top layer of soil 3 above the film.

The reserves of productive moisture necessary for the development of a particular type of vegetation are determined by the thickness of the topsoil located above the film. The more powerful the soil layer, the greater the reserves of productive moisture in the soil, and vice versa.

The water reserves in the soil above the film are replenished only by precipitation, in the autumn-winter-spring period. Bottom, in the presence of a film, water does not flow.

In the spring, with the onset of sustainable warming, the top layer of soil under the film dries the faster, the thinner the layer of soil above the film.

Simultaneously with the onset of warming, they touch the growth of grass. They grow as long as there is enough moisture in the soil above the film to develop them. The full cycle of development, from germination to insemination, passes to grass, in which the growing season ends until the soil is completely dried. Their number gradually increases, and a definite vegetative cover is formed in the future. The species composition of the vegetation cover is in close relationship with the thickness of the topsoil over the film. With shallow depth of the film (10–15 cm), ephemera and ephemeroids develop predominantly; with deep (20–30 cm) early, early-ripening plants develop. Other herbs, rte having finished full development, die off due to lack of moisture. The gradual depletion of such herbs leads to their degradation. In this way, the vegetation cover that is programmed is formed. Strong grass that grows when the film is deep-seated, such as wheat grass, ryegrass, reduces the ventilation of the surface layer of air, which causes the disease of the grapes to be mildew and aridium. In order not to interfere with the ventilation of the surface layer of air and the effective protection of the soil from erosion, it is better to use low-growing grasses that develop with shallow sealing of the film.

After the end of the growing season and the complete consumption of moisture from the upper layer of soil for evaporation and transpiration, part of the vegetation dies. With the natural extinction of the aerial parts, there is no need to mow it. It is not necessary to cultivate the soil, because after the weeds are completely dried, the vegetation does not germinate.

The waterproof screen eliminates the mutual influence of vegetation cover, over the film, and the roots of the grapes under the film. All moisture contained in the soil under the film is protected from physical evaporation and transpiration by herbs. It is fully utilized only by the roots of cultivated plantations, contributing to

their intensive development and the formation of additional yield. This type of tinning is especially important for zones of insufficient and unstable moistening for the purpose of using natural water resources for crop formation.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A method of combating soil erosion in orchards and vineyards, including interlaid tinning between the rows, characterized in that, in order to increase the anti-erosion efficiency of the method, improve the water regime of the soil, grow and develop cultivated plantations, before lying in the soil across the entire width of the gap between the holes the waterproof screen is laid down, positioned above the bulk of the roots of cultivated plantations and with slope relative to the horizontal surface of the soil, while the edges of the waterproof material are bent down.