SU1404022A1 - Regulator of pressing density for combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the density control of compaction in balers for the formation of mainly large-sized bales of hay, straw and similar materials. The invention makes it possible to reduce the energy intensity of the pressing process by automatically maintaining a predetermined pressure ratio of the preliminary compression of the material and the pressing in the chamber. The density regulator is equipped with additional hydraulic cylinders 1, installed with the possibility of influencing the working body. The pre-compression rollers 3, 12 are connected by oil lines to the hydraulic accumulator 5 and the main hydraulic cylinders 7, which in turn act on the elements of the bale chamber to create a pressing pressure in it. When the amount of mass applied is changed, the ratio of precompression pressures and pressures in the press chamber is automatically held. 1 il. I W С

Description

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The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to the density control of compaction in presses for the formation of mainly large-sized bales of hay, straw and similar materials.

The aim of the invention is to reduce the energy intensity of the pressing process. By automatically maintaining a predetermined ratio of pressing pressure in the chamber and pre-pressure of the layer of material.

The drawing schematically shows a diagram of the density regulator of compaction.

The pressing density regulator consists of additional hydraulic cylinders 1, the rods of which are fixed pivotally with the ends of the levers 2. These arms have rigidly fixed bearing housings of the upper roller 3. Hydraulic cylinders 1 are connected by oil lines 4 to the proaccumulator 5. Main hydraulic cylinders are connected to the latter through oil lines 6 7, the rods of which are pivotally fixed with a density regulator 8, made in the form of a hinged cover of the pressing chamber S.

The pressing density regulator is mounted on the bale; ike, which besides the listed units has a pick-up 10, a conveyor 11, a pressing working body including the upper 3 and the lower 12 rollers, installed with the possibility of forced rotation towards each other. The bale chamber 9 is mounted on the hinges 13 and is connected to a crank drive mechanism 14. The wall 15 is fixed and has a window against the rollers 3 and 12.

The density regulator operates as follows.

When the baler moves in the middle of a roll of hay (straw), the pick-up 10 lifts a layer of material and delivers it to the conveyor 11, which delivers the mass to the pressing working body. Rollers 3 and 12, rotating towards each other, pick up a layer of material, pressurize it the force of the hydraulic cylinders 1 and is directed into the press chamber 9. At the same time, under the action of compressed material, the upper roller 3 rises, and the levers 2 rotate relative to the attachment axes, move the rods

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hydraulic cylinders 1. The oil displaced from the cavities of hydraulic cylinders 1 flows through the oil lines 4 into the pneumohydraulic accumulator 5 (or Hydraulic accumulators), compressing the air (or spring), and through the oil pipes 6 into the hydraulic cylinders 7, increasing the force exerted on the regulator 8 density, which, turning around the hinge, reduces the cross section of the bale chamber 9.

In the process of filling the chamber 9 with the material, the latter, acting on the density regulator 8, rotates it in the opposite direction and under the action of the rods the oil is forced out of the hydraulic cylinders 7 through the oil lines 6 into the pneumo-accumulator 5 (hydroaccumulator).

Before starting work, the density of the material is adjusted by refilling the pneumohydroaccumulator 5 with compressed air (compressing the spring of the accumulator).

At steady state operation of the baler, the process of its operation proceeds in the following sequence.

The layer of material entering the rollers 3 and 12 is pre-compacted by the force of the hydraulic cylinders 1 and guided into chamber 9, which, having a swinging motion on the hinges 13 under the action of the crank mechanism 14, pulls the compressed layer along with it. In this case, the material layer is previously compressed and alternately rolled by rollers 12 and 3 and pressed through the pressing chamber 9, overcoming the resistance created by the density regulator 8 under the action of hydraulic cylinders 7 and laid down in a zigzag manner in the chamber 9. The formed bale is twisted off with a string and then, after forming the next bale, the first bale is thrown from the bale chamber 9, and the process continues.

With increasing thickness of the layer of material supplied to the pressing working body for pre-compression, the upper drum 3 rises and turns the levers 2, which move the rods of the hydraulic cylinders 1. The oil displaced from the cavities of the hydraulic cylinders 1 flows through the oil pipes 4 into the pneumohydroaccumulus

5, increasing the oil pressure in it due to the compression of air. Through the oil line 6, the pressure of oil is increased to the same in the cylinders 7, and the ratio of the pre-compression force to the pressing force in the chamber remains set.

When reducing the thickness of the layer of material supplied to the rollers 3 and 12, the pneumohydroaccumulator 5 will be partially discharged, because under the action of the hydraulic cylinders 1, the upper roller 3 will drop, and the oil pressure through the oil lines 4 and 6 in the cylinders 1 and 7 will equalize and therefore , the ratio of prestressing force to pressing force in the chamber will not change.

The optimum ratio of material pre-compression efforts by rollers 3 and 12 and pressing in chamber 9 is determined by appropriate selection of the diameters of hydraulic cylinders 1 and 7. During the bale formation, this ratio remains constant due to the equalization of oil pressure in the cavities of hydraulic cylinders 1 and 7 through the oil pipes 4 and 6 and changing the thickness of the layer of material supplied by the conveyor 11 and the rollers 3 and 12 does not affect it.

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For straw, the pressing pressure in the chamber should be 2-12% of the pre-compression pressure.

Claims (2)

In order to clarify this ratio, during the transition to the extrusion of materials that differ in physicomechanical properties from the given one, an additional adjustment is provided by shifting the point of attachment of the rods of hydraulic cylinders 1 along the length of the levers 2. The formula of the invention A baler compacting density regulator, including a mechanism for continuous pre-compression of a layer of saline materials and a bale compaction mechanism in the bale chamber, containing a hydraulic accumulator connected by oil lines to hydraulic cylinders installed with a pressure on the elements of the chamber to create pressure in it, which differs so that, in order to reduce the energy intensity of the extrusion process by automatically maintaining a predetermined pressure ratio. and pressing the material in the chamber, a preliminary compression mechanism is in the form of hydraulic cylinders associated masloprovoda- | E with pressure reservoir torus.