SU1455300A1

SU1455300A1 - Method of analysis of pollution of soil with heavy metals

Info

Publication number: SU1455300A1
Application number: SU864096083A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Наталия Филипповна Лапина; Людмила Алексеевна Ласточкина; Павел Евграфович Тулупов; Анатолий Григорьевич Лапин
Original assignee: Институт Экспериментальной Метеорологии
Priority date: 1986-07-24
Filing date: 1986-07-24
Publication date: 1989-01-30

Abstract

Изобретение от оситс к контролю загр знени при|:одной среды т желыми металлами и может быть использовано в с льском хоз йстве,почвоведении , экологических - сследо- вани х. Цель изобретени - ускорение процесса определени , снижение трудоемкости и возможность количественного определени загр зн ющего фактора, В обследуемом районе отбирают пробы почвы на рассто нии 0,5-20 км от границы источника загр знени , В пробы контрольных образцов с рассто ни 20 км внос т различные количества токсиканта, тщательно перемешивают, все пробы увлажн ют до пастообразного состо ни и помещают на них отрезки проростков или колеоптилей. Через 10-24 ч. измер ют прирост отрезков на всех образцах почвы. Определ ют относительный прирост отрезков на исследуемых образцах вблизи источника загр знени и контрольных образцах с заранее внесенным загр зн ющим веществом Q по сравнению с приростом на контрольных образцах без агр з- н ющего вещества Q, по данным Q/Qj дл набора контрольных образцов с заранее внесенным, известным количеством загр зн ющего вещества стро т калибровочный график зависимости величины Q/Qj от концентрации металла в почве С, а концентрацию т желых металлов в исследу емом образце почвы наход т по величине относительного прироста отрезков на исследуемой почве и предварительно построенному калибровочному графику, 1 ил, 2 табл. i (Л 4; ел ел 00The invention from Osita to the control of contamination at |: one environment with heavy metals and can be used in agriculture, soil science, environmental studies. The purpose of the invention is to accelerate the process of determining, reducing labor intensity and the possibility of quantifying the contaminating factor. In the surveyed area, soil samples are taken at a distance of 0.5-20 km from the boundary of the source of contamination. Samples of control samples from a distance of 20 km varying amounts of the toxicant are mixed thoroughly; all samples are moistened to a pasty state, and pieces of sprouts or coleoptiles are placed on them. After 10-24 hours, the increment of the segments on all soil samples is measured. The relative increment of the segments on the test samples near the contamination source and control samples with pre-applied contaminant Q is determined compared to the increase on control samples without an additive Q, according to Q / Qj for a set of control samples in advance a calibrated graph of the Q / Qj value as a function of the metal concentration in the soil C is plotted with a known amount of a pollutant, and the concentration of heavy metals in the soil sample being studied is growth of the segments on the studied soil and the previously constructed calibration graph, 1, 2 table. i (L 4; ate ate 00

Description

1one

Изобретение относитс к контролю загр знени природной среды т желыми металлами и может быть использовано в сельском хоз йстве, почвоведении, экологических исследовани х.The invention relates to the control of environmental pollution with heavy metals and can be used in agriculture, soil science, environmental studies.

Цель изобретени - ускорение процесса определени , снижение, трудоемкости и возможность количественного определени загр зн ющего фактора.The purpose of the invention is to accelerate the process of determining, reducing laboriousness and the ability to quantify a contaminating factor.

На чертеже представлен график зависимости относительного приростаThe drawing shows a graph of the relative increase

отрезков оснований проростков на пробах почвы чернозема типичного, искусственно .загр зненных известными количествами свинца,of the seedlings of the seedlings on the samples of the soil of the chernozem of a typical, artificially contaminated with known amounts of lead,

5 Способ осуществл ют следующим образом ,5 The method is carried out as follows.

В обследуемом техногенном районе отбирают пробы почв из сло толщиной 0,5 см на рассто нии 0,5 - 20 км отIn the surveyed technogenic region, soil samples are taken from a layer 0.5 cm thick at a distance of 0.5 - 20 km from

10 границы источника загр знени с ин- тервалом 0,5 - 2,0 км. Пробы осво314553ПО10 boundaries of the source of pollution at intervals of 0.5–2.0 km. Samples mash314553PO

рождают от механических примесей, Ьастирают, просеивают через сито с чейками 0,5-1 мм, помещают в чашки ретри. В пробы, отобранные на макси- М льном рассто нии от источника загр знени (фоновые) внос т различные количества токсиканта в виде водных растворов или твердых соединений ттриоритетного металла дл получени ю концентраций металла в почве равных |п (или 2п.кларк), где п 0,1,2,3... Пробы тщательно перемешивают, увлажн ют до пастообразного состо ни they are born from mechanical impurities, cook, sift through a sieve with cells of 0.5-1 mm, place the retrie in cups. In samples taken at a maximum distance from the source of pollution (background), different amounts of the toxicant are added in the form of aqueous solutions or solid compounds of the tri-priority metal to obtain concentrations of metal in the soil equal to | n (or 2 p.), Where p 0,1,2,3 ... Samples are thoroughly mixed, moistened to a pasty state.

кований проростка от концентрации свинца в черноземе типичном,forging a seedling from the lead concentration in typical chernozem,

В табл.2 приведены результаты определени свинца в образцах почвы чернозема типичного, отобранных на различных рассто ни х от источника загр знени , методом атомно-абсорб- ционного анализа, а также предлагае мым способом.Table 2 shows the results of the determination of lead in soil samples of typical chernozem, taken at different distances from the source of contamination, by atomic absorption analysis, and also by the proposed method.

Предлагаемый способ биоиндикации позвол ет в течение 1 сут определить степень загр знени почв т желыми металлами. По точности он сопоста (на 1 г почвы 0,7-0,8 г воды). Чатем 15 вим с методом атомно-абсорбционногоThe proposed bioindication method allows determining the degree of soil contamination with heavy metals within 1 day. For accuracy, it is soposta (0.7-0.8 g of water per g of soil). Chatham 15 vim with atomic absorption method

в каждую чашку Петри помещают не ме- |нее 24 отрезков строго одинаковой |длины 2-3-дневных проростков одного ;из сортов злаковой культуры и став т ;их в термостат с температурой около 20 25 С. Через 10-24 ч с помощью мерной лупы измер ют длину каждого отрезка . проростка.In each Petri dish, no less than 24 segments of exactly the same length of 2-3 day old seedlings are placed; of the varieties of cereals and put; they are in a thermostat with a temperature of about 20-25 C. After 10-24 hours using dimensional Loops measure the length of each segment. sprout

Определ ют средний прирост отрезков на контрольной пбчве (этот при- 25 рост принимают за 100%) и на каждой из испытуемых и калиброванных почв 1(его выражают в процентах от конт- рол ). По данным, полученным на искусственно загр зненных фоновых поч- зо вах, стро т калибровочный графикThe average growth of the segments on the control soil (this growth is taken as 100%) and on each of the tested and calibrated soils 1 (expressed as a percentage of the control) is determined. According to the data obtained on artificially contaminated background soils, a calibration graph is constructed.

;-3- f(C), подобный приведенному; -3- f (C), similar to

I Чо;на чертеже. По относительному при- ; росту отрезков проростков на иссле- g дуемых почвах с помощью капибровоч- : ного графика определ ют концентрацию токсиканта в почве.I Cho; in the drawing. Relative pri-; The growth of segments of seedlings on the studied soils using a capillary plot: determines the concentration of toxicant in the soil.

Claims

An example is B soil samples from the soil analysis, but does not require special expensive equipment. Invention Formula

The method for determining the degree of soil contamination with heavy metals, including the preparation of soil samples, the introduction of a biotest into them, followed by a measurement of the parameters of the biotest, according to which a degree of contamination is judged, distinguished so that reducing the laboriousness of the bone and the possibility of quantifying the contaminating factor, prepare the samples to be studied, a set of control samples with previously introduced known quantities of the contaminant, and a control sample of the soil without contamination. guide vesch CTBA as bioassay using coleoptile segments and / or bases of seedlings of cereal crops, which are placed on the pre-moistened nye to pasty state ob45

A typical soil sample, selected on a soil spread, a 20 km biotesting plant from the plant (background), is brought in as a lead acetate solution to create increasing concentrations in the soil (Table 1). From three-day-old wheat seedlings of the Mironovsk 808 variety, segments of coleoptiles and bases with a length of 4.5 MMj are cut into prepared soil and kept in a thermostat at 25 ° C for 24 hours. Then measure the length of the cut segment with an accuracy of 0.1 mm. Data on the relative growth of segments of seedlings on artificially contaminated and background soil are given in Table 1, gg

carried out in 10-24 hours by determining the relative increase in the stile and / or bases of the seedlings on the test specimens and control samples with preliminarily introduced pollutant Q compared with the increase on the control samples without contaminant Q, Q / QO for a set of control samples with a pre-made known amount of contaminants build a calibration graph of Q / QO versus metal concentration in the soil, and the concentration is

The largest metals in the studied soil sample are found by the magnitude of the relative increment of the segments on the soil under study and the previously constructed calibration graph.

According to the results of Table 1, a calibration graph of the dependence of the relative growth of the segments of the seedlings' fragments on the lead concentration in typical chernozem is built,

Table 2 shows the results of the determination of lead in soil samples of typical chernozem, taken at different distances from the source of contamination, by atomic absorption analysis, as well as by the proposed method.

The proposed bioindication method allows determining the degree of soil contamination with heavy metals within 1 day. In terms of accuracy, it is comparable to the atomic absorption method.

analysis, but does not require special expensive equipment. Invention Formula

The method for determining the degree of soil contamination with heavy metals, including the preparation of soil samples, the introduction of a biotest into them, the subsequent measurement of the parameters of a biotest, according to which data are judged on the degree of contamination, which is so and the possibility of quantifying the contaminating factor, prepare the samples to be studied, a set of control samples with previously introduced known quantities of the contaminant, and a control sample of the soil without contamination. knowledgeable substances, as a biotest, use segments of coleoptiles and / or bases of seedlings of cereal crops, which are placed on areas that are pre-moistened to a pasty state

0 soil research biotest gg

carried out after 10-24 h by determining the relative increase in coleoptiles and / or bases of seedlings on test samples and control samples with preliminarily introduced contaminant Q compared to the increase on control samples without contaminant Q, according to Q / QO For a set of control samples with a previously introduced known amount of contamination, a calibration graph of the Q / QO value as a function of the metal concentration in the soil is plotted, and the concentration is the same as the soil weight measured by the biotest

The largest metals in the soil sample under study are found by the magnitude of the relative increment of the segments on the soil under study and the previously constructed calibration graph.

1А553ПП

T a b l and c a. one

The dependence of the growth of base sections and coleoptile growths on the lead content in typical chernozem

table 2

O7 to, 6

13 ± 1.7I to, 9

.80 ± 33.6221 ± 17.7 1840i220 16AP ± 131.2

fl / Qo // o

OTIOO BOO nOQ 1BOO 2000 S. mg / kg