SU1315536A1 - Method of removing dirt from cloth - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to textile finishing equipment and makes it possible to increase the degree of removal of contaminants from the fabric. The method consists in that the contaminated fabric is subjected to brewing at a high temperature, then treated with an azeotrope of water and an organic solvent vapor. At the same time, the fabric is washed with an organic solvent at a temperature of from 50 ° C to the boiling point of the solvent. After which the fabric is wring-. are washed and repeatedly washed with water. Fabric after welding can be dried. Washing the fabric with an organic solvent is carried out for 15-60 seconds with a bath module of 1: 50-1: 150. 2 hp f-ly, 1 ill. from SL 00 SP CL from 05

Description

The invention relates to TBKCTtmb finishing equipment and can be used when washing textile fabric, mainly worsted and wool, in the processes of its finishing.

The aim of the invention is to increase the degree of removal of impurities from the fabric.

The drawing shows the line for. implementation of the proposed method of removing contaminants from the fabric.

The flow line for removing contaminants from the fabric consists of sequentially following each other in the direction of movement of the tissue of the machine 1 for washing the fabric with an organic solvent, squeezing rolls 2, the steam chamber 3, means for regenerating the organic solvent, including cooler-condenser 4, and dis shshor 5, roller wash bath 6 and additionally installed machines 7 for washing water with a 1ZHUTOM fabric and at the inlet of the line machine 8 for high-temperature fabric welding.

The fabric washing machine 1 with an organic solvent has a hermetic roller bath 9 for a liquid solvent compacted at the entrance and exit of the fabric with the closures 10 and 11.

The machine 1 is also equipped with a means dp supported by the medium of an azeotropic mixture of organic solvent vapor and water vapor, installed in the upper part of the bath 9, made in the form of a solvent level regulator 12, fixed steam supply pipes 13 above it, as well as The sensor 14 of the overpressure of the azeotropic medium and installed on the pipe 13 for supplying the steam with the flow regulator 15. At the bottom of the bath 9 has a deaf steam heater 16. The solvent is supplied to the bath 9 from the cooler 4 through the pipe 17 by gravity and from the tanks of the distiller 5 through the pipe 18 through the regulator 19 and the pump 20.

To circulate the solvent bath

9 the partition wall 21 in the lower part is divided into compartments and has a circulation loop from pipe 22 with pump 23 and control valve 24 connecting the output compartments of bath 9 with the first along the fabric

Bath 9 also has an overflow hole 25 connected by a pipeline.

26, a pump 27 and a regulator 28 with a distiller 5. All machines of the line are autonomously driven (not shown). The synchronization between the individual machines is carried out by roller loop compensators 29–33. In addition, the line has reserve tray compensators 34 and 35, which serve reserve filling and selective devices machines-line.

At the entrance of the line has a filling device 36, at the exit - a wiring harness with a fabric-laying 37.

In front of the machine 1, for washing the fabric with an organic solvent after high-temperature welding, a drying-screening machine 38 can be installed.

The proposed method for removing soil from tissue is as follows.

Initially, the fabric 39 through the filling device 36 enters the machine 8 for high-temperature fabric welding, in which, under the influence of the vapor medium, swelling and loosening of the contaminating spots occur simultaneously with the welding. After pressing, the fabric passes through the sponge stopper 10 into the washing machine 1 for organic washing with solvent, where it passes through the springs in a roller bath 9, treated in the lower part with a liquid organic solvent, and in the upper part with an azeotropic mixture of organic solvent vapors and water. vapor pressure of 30-100 Pa.

In the process of intensive processing of the fabric in the bath, the processing media removes contaminants from it, which are. transfer to liquid solvent. Next, the fabric is pressed by squeezing shafts 2 up to 80-110% 5 passes through the shutter 11 into the steaming chamber 3, in which an overpressure of 20-500 Pa at 100-110 ° C is steamed under steam and the solvent is finally removed from the fabric. From the steamer chamber 3, the fabric is passed through the shutter. into the washing roller bath 6, where it is preliminarily washed and then finally washed in machines 7 for washing with a bundle of hot water in the presence of surfactant. At the exit, the fabric is straightened and placed in a cart or rolled into a roll with a straightener with fabric wrapper 37. After high temperature

. 3

The fabric can be guided from the machine 8 through the trough compensator 34 to the drying-shirting machine 38 for drying in order to intensify the subsequent impregnation and washing it with an organic solvent in the machine 1.

Intensification of washing is also achieved by simultaneous washing in a liquid solvent and in an azeropic mixture of solvent vapor and water vapor. The latter is created and maintained in the upper part of the bath 9 by feeding above the mirror (onto it and onto the fabric) from pipes 13 with water vapor holes, while the level of the solvent mirror in the bath 9 is maintained by the level regulator 12, and the steam supply is regulated by the regulator 15 flow rate from 14 gauge overpressure.

At the beginning of the operation, the organic solvent is poured into the tube 18 and is heated by the heater 16, which can be completely shut off during operation, since the maintenance of the required temperature is ensured by the supply of direct steam. The circulation of the solvent in the compartments of the bath 9 towards the movement of the tissue is carried out by pump 23 through the pipeline 22, the flow is regulated by the control valve 24

Example 1. The oiling agent and the stain of the contaminated oil and grease of the looms are removed from the skin. 2203, painted in light colors and white, surface density of 329 g / m, width 142 cm in a volume of 100 thousand meters.

The fabric cloth is preliminarily subjected to the process of high-temperature welding according to a known technology: impregnation of the fabric with water at 60-70 0, wringing

13

to a residual moisture content of 100–120%, in particular, difficulties arise with solvent regeneration, and large volumes of water are separated. Therefore, it is almost more acceptable to rinse dried tissue in a solvent, at a level with a humidity of 25-30% to air dry. I

cooking in saturated steam at 105-115 0 under an overpressure of 0.03-0.07 MPa, cooling the fabric with cold water, drying on a tumble dryer, then the cloth is washed in a washer with a liquid organic solvent (perchlorethyl nom) and an azestropic mixture of perchloroethylene and water for 15 s. The temperature of liquid perchlorethylene in the bath, azeotropic mixture of vapor of perchlorethylene and water vapor is 85-102 ° C under an overpressure of 30-100 Pa (3-10 kgf / m2). In the process

w

20

55364

washing is maintained at 1: 150 bath modulus, and the solvent is exchanged 0.5 times with each 1000 kg of fabric passing at a speed of 40 m / min. In the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the tissue, perchlorethylene is constantly maintained in the bath with a frequency of 5 times for every 1000 kg of cloth. After washing, the fabric is wrung out by squeezing rolls (wringing degree 80-100%), steamed with water vapor in the steam chamber at 100-105 s under excess pressure up to 500 Pa (up to 50 kgf / m) and finally washed with hot water 40 -50 ° C in the presence0

50

s

metapone (4.2

kg

-).

0

1000 m of fabric At the end of the processing of the fabric, its complete screening is carried out, which establishes the complete absence of a soil stain on the fabric, i.e. provides complete removal of the stains of contaminated oil, grease and other contaminants with sufficient (80%) removal of lubricants. Quality indicators and physical and mechanical properties comply with the requirements of technical specifications for fabric.

Example 2. The processing conditions of the operation and modes are similar to those in Example 1, except that the fabric is not dried before the washing operation with an organic solvent, but is fed to the washing with a solvent with a humidity of 80-120%, the solvent washing time is 40-60 seconds.

The results of the screening are also positive, the same as in the example, but this requires an increase in the duration of washing in the solvent by 3-4 times, as the fabric soaked with water is more difficult to soak with perchlorethylene, difficulties arise with the regeneration of the solvent, and large volumes of water are separated. Therefore, it is almost more acceptable to wash the dried cloth in a solvent, starting with a humidity of 25-30% to air-dry. I

To obtain comparative data, the same tissues are lubricated in parallel by a known method using the following technology: washing with perchlorethylene for 42 seconds, pressing to 100%, steaming with steam at 100-110 ° C for 45 seconds, washing with hot water

 for 42 s. After this treatment, satisfactory removal of the lubricant is noted, partial removal of oil stains, stains from the lubricant with contaminated SOLIDOL are not completely removed (total degree of stain removal 20-50% on separate pieces), 10% of the fabric is directed after grading for manual cleaning and then for repeated processing at all technological transitions (flushing in PR, thermostabilization, cutting, shearing, sorting).

By repeated repetition of the treatment of the fabric according to the proposed method, the following has been established.

When the perchlorethylene temperature is below 50 ° C, the washing effect decreases dramatically, and the hot cloth, while being exposed to water and solvent vapors, heats the bath with liquid solvent to 50 ° C. As the temperature increases, the surface tension and the viscosity of the liquid decrease. conditions of penetration of the solvent into tissue are improved, mass exchange processes are intensively identified. However, at the boiling point of the solvent, the heat loss and the OR loss to the surrounding environment deteriorate working conditions. The boiling point of the solvent depends even on a small amount of water in it, for example, at 15.8% of water, the mixture boils at 84.2 ° C, therefore the upper limit of the temperature is indicated in the formula by the value up to the peak temperature. Maintaining a bath module within 1:50 to 1: 150 and exchange rates of 0.25-1 times for every 1000 kg of solvent circulation at least 5 times for every 1000 kg allows to obtain an effect when removing stains of contaminants and, In addition, the grating of fabric, especially dyed in light colors, is excluded from marriage, under such conditions the fabric does not have natural wool fat, which means that its consumer properties remain high, the neck remains soft. In addition, solvent circulation ensures the absence of stagnant zones in the bath and eliminates the resorption of contaminants.

Decrease bath module (less

1:50) is practically difficult, feasible when processing with a solvent, since it is necessary to ensure sufficiently long washing of the fabric (not less than 15 s), and thus filling the fabric with a length of more than 15 m, with a total weight of up to 5 kg at a speed of 60 m / min (maximum speed at liquid treatment in the OR of wool and worsted fabrics).

Thus, the bath capacity is m (400 kg), i.e. the minimum possible capacity for roller wash baths. The use of other low-modulus baths, for example, with displacers, is not beneficial due to maintenance inconveniences, contamination of the baths, difficulty of washing in a liquid solvent and azeotropic vapors. When the module is increased, the wash (above) bath does not exchange well, becomes dirty, it requires an increase in the circulation ratio (over 5-8) and an increase in the bath exchange, which leads to an increase in distillation costs.

The multiplicity of solvent exchange in a 0.25 bath per every 1000 kg of cloth is the minimum possible, since the maximum solubility of greasy lubricants, as shown by experiments, is up to 100-125 g in 1.0 kg of solvent, i.e. 400 kg of solvent in the bath should contain no more than 50 kg of fats, oils. This is ensured if the ratio of solvent exchange in the bath is not less than 0.5 for every 1000 kg of the treated cloth, taking into account that the content of these soils on fabrics is up to 2.5%. The magnitude of the exchange rate up to 1 times per 1000 kg of cloth does not increase the removal efficiency of contaminants, but reduces the economic performance.

The proposed method for removing soils from the fabric and the line for its implementation provides the removal of oil from the fabric, as well as the removal of all stains of the contaminated grease oil and other similar soils that the fabric receives during weaving on weaving machines and during subsequent transportation and finish

Claims (3)

1. A method of removing contaminants from a fabric, mainly worsted and wool, by washing it with an organic solvent, then squeezing it out of the fabric, steaming it with water vapor and then repeatedly washing it with water. . 7 characterized in that, in order to increase the degree of soil removal, the fabric is subjected to high-temperature welding before washing with an organic solvent, and the tissue is additionally treated with an azeotrope of water and an organic solvent in the process of washing with an organic solvent t at the temperature from to the boiling point of the solvent, and the final rinsing of the fabric is carried out with hot water with the addition of surfactants. 55368 2. The POP.1 method, in order to dry the cloth, so that the fabric is dried before washing with organic solvent. with 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that washing the fabric with an organic solvent is carried out for 15-60 seconds with a bath module from 1:50 to 1: 150 with a ratio of solvent in the bath 0.5-1.1 times every 1000 kg of fabric with simultaneous circulation of the solvent in the bath in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the fabric, with a multiplicity of circulation of at least five times for each 1000 kg of treated fabric. J7 33 Editor N. Gunko Order 2322/29 Circulation 419 VNIIPI USSR State Committee for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-25, Raushsk nab. 4/5 Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4 Compiled by A.Romanova Tehred M. Khodanich Proofreader L. Patay Subscription