SU1378789A3 - Internal combustion engine and method of cleaning exhaust gases of internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to engine building. The purpose of the invention is to increase the cleaning efficiency. The catalyst includes a partitioned support placed in the gas flow path so as to create turbulence in the exhaust gas flow. Catalytic metal selected from the group containing ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium, platinum, iron. cobalt, nickel, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, yttrium, cerium, their alloys and intermetallic compounds containing at least 20 wt.% of one or more of these metals are deposited on the surface or along the entire primer of the refractory metallic oxide. The primer layer of refractory metal oxide preferably includes oxides of one or more elements such as magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, scandium, yttrium, lanthanides, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, thorium, tantalum, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, boron, aluminum, silicon and tin. When cleaning the exhaust gases they are passed through a chamber with a catalyst. The oxidation of harmful components starts at temperatures of 207-265 ° C. Since these temperatures are significantly lower than the exhaust gases when the diesel engine is operating at medium or full load, no preheating is required when they pass over the catalyst. 2 sec. and 7 3.p. f-ly, 5 ill. i О) С: о 00 | 00 f

Description

cm

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely engine building, and can be used to reduce the content of harmful components in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines.

The purpose of the invention is to learn the cleaning efficiency.

1 shows a device for

t

purification of exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine, longitudinal section; Fig. 2 is a variation of the device in which braided wire is used as the catalyst substrate; FIG. 3 shows a device with two exhaust windows; figure 4 is a variant of the device with sets of rigid rods; Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the reaction tube of the device.

The internal combustion engine (Figures 1 and 2) includes an exhaust gas cleaning device 1, comprising inlet openings 2 adjacent to engine exhaust ports, an outlet opening 3 coupled to the exhaust pipe 4, a reactor 5 strengthened in a rack 6 and filled with catalyst 7.

Catalyst substrate 7 has the form of woven wire mesh and can be made in a single piece or in the form of annular sections.

The soil layer and the catalytic layer can be applied to each section separately or after the sections are joined together. In addition, a primer and a catalytic layer can be applied to the substrate (separate sections or bonded together) after placing these sections into the reactor 5.

On fig.Z shows a variant of the device 1, in accordance with which the catalyst 7 is placed in the reactor 5, using the spatial plates shown in figure 4.

Fig. 4 shows an embodiment in which sets of rigid rods 8 extending along the length of the reactor are placed in the device 1 instead of the reactor 5. They are fixed in space one relative to the other, holding the catalyst on the substrate rigidly in place within device 1 by using spatial plates 9. A pair of plates are joined by three of five rods, arranged at right angles to each other along the exhaust pipe 4. use of two or more pairs of spatial plates, which are usually located at certain intervals along the length of the chamber. These plates can also be used in place of rods, as shown in FIG.

The rods and plates must be made of a material that is resistant to oxidation at least until. The catalyst includes a partitioned support placed in the path.

gas flow so as to create turbulence in the exhaust gas flow; a refractory primer layer of metal oxide adhering to the surface of the substrate; a catalytic metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium, platinum, iron, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, yttrium, cerium, their alloys and intermetals

lich compounds containing

0

at least 20% by weight of one or more of these metals deposited on the surface or over the entire primer layer of the refractory metallic oxide.

The primer layer of refractory metal oxide preferably comprises oxides of one or more elements such as magnesium, calcium,

5 strontium, barium, scandium, yttrium, lanthanides, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, thorium, tantalum, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, boron, aluminum, silicon and tin.

0 Alg 0 and alumina hydrates are preferred as a primer, as well as stabilizing oxides, such as BaO, and oxides that promote catalytic activity, such as TiO, ZrOa, HfOj, ThO, Cr Oj and NiO.

One preferred form of catalyst support is a structure made in the form of woven WI in a knitted wire, more preferably in the form of a woven or knitted wire that is rolled to form a woven or knitted structure. Anticorrosive and, in particular, oxidation-resistant non-precious metal alloys can be used to fabricate wires.

Examples of such alloys of non-precious metals are alloys

nickel and chromium, the aggregate content of nickel plus chromium in which exceeds 20 wt.%, and iron alloys, including at least one of the elements, such as chromium (3-40 wt.%), aluminum (1-10 wt.%) , cobalt (traces - 5 wt.%), nickel (traces - 72 wt.%) and carbon (traces - 0.5 masl).

Other examples of alloys of non-precious metals capable of withstanding harsh conditions are iron-aluminum-chromium alloys, which may also include yttrium. Such alloys include 0.5–12 wt.% Aluminum, 0.1–3.0 wt.% Yttrium, 0–20 wt.% Chromium, and the balance is iron. Other iron-chromium-aluminum-yttrium alloys include 0.5–4 wt.% Aluminum, 0.5–3.0 wt.% Yttrium, 20.095 wt.% Chromium, and the balance is iron. I

Alloys of non-precious metals may have a lower corrosion resistance, such as soft steel, which will have a protective coating on the surface of the substrate.

The method of purification of exhaust gases consists in passing the exhaust gases through a chamber with a catalyst, the exhaust gases turbulent, and the oxidation of harmful components start at 207-265 s, this temperature is much lower than that at which combustion takes place in the absence of a catalyst.

Since, in the presence of a catalyst, the oxidation of smoke-generating particles in a gas occurs at a lower temperature than usual combustion temperatures, if necessary, catalytic oxidation of any smoke-forming particles in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine is required, either slight heating is required or it is not required at all. This is due to the fact that when the diesel engine is operating in the mode of medium or full load, the temperature of the exhaust gases is about 400 ° C, so that no preheating is required when the indicated exhaust gases pass over the catalyst.

Claims (9)

1. Internal Combustion Engine Including Cleaning Device 0 five 0 five 0 five 0 five 0 The engine has engine gases that have 1 G (it is at least one exhaust window, the exhaust gas cleaning device comprising a housing with an outlet and, to a lesser extent, with an inlet, and a catalyst disposed in the housing, in order to increase the cleaning efficiency on refractory metal oxide located on a substrate made of metal wire in a threadlike or woven form. 2. The motor according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is in the form of a strip. 3. The engine according to claims 1 and 2, about t - l and due to the fact that the refractory metal oxide contains alumina with barium or cerium, 4. The motor according to Claim I., characterized in that the substrate is made of an anticorrosive alloy containing base metal. 5. The engine according to claim 4, wherein the substrate is made of an alloy containing nickel and chromium, the total content of nickel and chromium exceeding 20 wt.%. 6. The motor according to claim 5, characterized in that the substrate is made of an iron alloy containing at least one of the following elements: chromium from traces to 50 wt.%, Aluminum from I to 10 wt.%, Cobalt from traces to 5 wt.%, Nickel from traces to 72 wt.% And carbon from traces to 0.5 wt.%. 7. The engine according to claim 6, wherein the base metal alloy further comprises yttrium in an amount of from 0.1 to 3.0 May. 8. The engine according to claims 1-7, about tl and - because the catalyst contains metals: rhodium, palladium, platinum, cobalt or nickel. 9. Method of cleaning exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine by passing exhaust gases with smoke-forming particles through the chamber with a catalyst, characterized in that, in order to increase the cleaning efficiency, the exhaust gases are turbulized, and the oxidation of the harmful constituents starts at 207-265 C. / I ™ fts.2 ftsg.Z  eight Phie. Phie.