SU1253465A1 - Machine for harvesting root vegetables - Google Patents

Description

2, the machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving cellular drum is provided with curved bars fixed to the frame in its receiving area with protrusions at the ends having means for adjusting their location.

3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for separating the tops of the tops is made in the form of one top-top and one located above one another with scraping tines with backs and a knife blade of the drums, between which a horizontal track is installed, and the bottom drum has a device to remove root crops from tines made

in the form of pivotally mounted on

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery and, in particular, to mashines for harvesting tubers, mainly onion sets.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of the cleaning of root crops from soil impurities and tops, as well as the implementation of the separate collection of tops and root crops.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the proposed machine for harvesting tubers, side view; in fig. 2 is a diagram of the effect of the receiving cellular and clamping drums, conveyor rods and cantilever curved rod guides with protrusions on a pile, side view; in fig. 3 is a side view of a device for removing root vegetables from tines; in fig. 4 is a diagram of the interaction of the scraping tine with a knife blade with a spring and a roller and a guide with a protrusion between them, side view; FIG. 5 is a diagram of a drawing card; in fig. 6 is a schematic of the arrangement of bar 1x guides.

. Maschina for harvesting root crops includes successively

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attached to the shaft stands and double-arm levers, spring-loaded to it, on one of the arms of which are articulated rods with strips, which are attached to the backs of the tine arms, and rollers interacting with closed tracks fixed to the frame and having in their lower part a curvilinear curved section with variable radius of curvature.

4. Machine popp. iZ, which differs from § in that the rods

with straps and levers with rollers are interconnected by means of changing the angle of their installation.

5. Maschina on PP. 1-4, characterized in that, in order to carry out separate harvesting of tops and root crops, the machine is provided with pitched boards, transverse and transverse-longitudinal conveyors.

five

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tipped on the frame undercutting plowshare 1, square shafts 2 displaced in phase, mounted behind it on crashes are crashing 3, separating elevator 4, lump in the form of upper 5 and lower 6 cylinders, bar 7, scraper-brush 8 and unloading 9 conveyors. Over the cylinders 5 and 6, the upper 10 and lower 11 rollers are installed, having a ribbed elastic surface, driven by a bar conveyor 7 by a drum 12. The upper end of the separation silo 4 has a beater 13, a conveyor 14 with a side wall 15 to remove large, soil lumps, and in front of the cylinders 5 and 6 of the lump holder are the receiving lower cellular 16 and upper pressing 17 drums, cantilever curvilinear rod guides 18 having a device for adjusting their location.

The bar guides 18 are made telescopic and consist of an elliptical tube 19 and a bar 20 of the same cross section with a protrusion, the length of which is ejected which is fixed by a locking screw 21. The ellipsoid cross section of the tube and bar excludes rotation of the bar relative to the tube, and the screw 21 also contributes in part to this The pipe 19 has a head 22, mounted on an axis 23 and secured by another locking screw 24, allowing the position of the head 22 to be adjusted axially along the length of the axis 23 and the installation angle. The ends of the axis 23 are placed in the vertical slot 25 and the bracket 26 and rest on the screw mechanisms 27, which simultaneously serve as a space for: changing and fixing the position of the axis 23, therefore, it is directed towards :. 8 in a vertical flat ii, i. . h values This embodiment of the fastening of the guides 18 provides a wide range of adjustment of their location in height, in the axial direction, in the installation angle, as well as in the length of the bar above the bar 20 with a protrusion that is fixed with the help of the respective locking screws 21 and 24 and a screw mechanism 27. Mounted behind the upper 10 and lower II rollers, a hemnoe device for removing the tops of the haulm consists of the lower 28 and upper 29 drums having between themselves horizontal tracks 30, a sloping board 31, a transverse 32 and a longitudinal 33 conveyors for collecting and transmitting bulbs on the unloading conveyor V, and the sloping board 34 and the transverse conveyor 35 for collecting and discharging the leaves. The conveyor belt 7 skirting the drive drum 12 and the receiving cellular drum 16, passes between the drums 16 and 17, cylinders 5 and 6, rollers 10 and 11, slides horizontally on the Hbw tracks 30. The shafts of the receiving pressure drum 1 7 drum, cylinder 5 and roller 10 installed in the spring-loaded bearings 36, the cells of the receiving cellular drum 16 are formed by radial machines 37.

The main drum 28 of the filming device has a tine rake 38 with a back 39 and a device for removing bulbs from the rake, which includes two figured tracks 40 arranged along the edges and fixedly fixed with a section 41 of variable radius in the lower part, which are in contact with the rollers 42 connected by means of racks 43 and double-arm levers 44 to the shaft 45 of the stems2534654

drum 28. In addition, lever 44 with roller 42 at one end has a spring 46 connected to the same shaft 45, and 5 also has hinged rods 47 with strips 48 for the entire length of drum 28, which can be in contact with the back 39 38, and the fixture — a screw 49 of adjustable length for measuring the mounting angle of the rods 47.

Stripping tines 38 with backs 39 are fixed on forming

50 drum 28, through the slits in the body t5 of which the knife blade is passed

51 with roller 52 and knives 53, Rollers

52 is in contact with a guide 54 fixed to the side with a protrusion 55. The contact of the roller 52 with the guide 54 with the protrusion 55 is provided by a spring 56 acting on the Other end of the web 51 and placed inside the cup 57 mounted on the drum 28 and having a key 58,

5 allowing adjustment of the amount of compression of the spring 56.

The machine works as follows. Cropped soil layer along with onion sets with leaves

on rotating squares

shafts 2, where the initial screening of the soil. At the rumble 3, the crumbling and sifting of the soil is intensified, the elevator 4 is isolated from

heaps of fine impurities, and the remaining large soil clumps, having a height greater than the thickness of the main pile, the number and size of which are different in different soil and climatic conditions, are partially broken down and collide with a beater 13 on the conveyor 14. The side wall 15 prevents them from falling out conveyor 14, which sbuasy-

large soil clumps. The speed of the beater 13 is higher than the speed of the elevator 4. The main pile enters the cantilever curvilinear rod guides 18 with protrusions at the ends through which part of the soil impurities passes, and when they fall into the receiving drum 16, the impurities are thrown to the ground. The onion sets also pass through the gap between the direction to dimi 18 and partially fall into the cells of the drum 16. In view of the fact that the leaves of the bulbs are long and in a half-woven state, the onions

held on rails 18 until the rods of the conveyor 7 extend them, placing leaves along the movement on the rods of the conveyor 7 with bulbs in the front, and are pressed by the drum 7. The heap located on the rails 18, due to the adhesion of the leaves bulbs from the pile, slowly moving along the curvilinear part of the guide lines x 18 up along the arc and reaching their protrusions at the ends slowing down its further movement. As a result, the separation of the pile is enhanced, sifting of soil impurities is facilitated, and the directional arrangement of the pile on the conveyor 7 is improved. Such a pile is transferred to cylinders 5 and 6, which crush a part of the soil lumps, which are separated through the rods of the conveyor 7. passes between the rollers 10 and 11, being subjected to a long-term and alternating impact from their ribbed elastic surface, as a result of which they are further destroyed and completely from a pile of soil impurities. Upon further movement, the ends of the rods of the conveyor 7 come into contact with horizontal tracks 30, slide along them, maintaining a horizontal position. The pile on the conveyor 7 moves horizontally, is pressed by the drum 29, the hanging bulbs are upright, which facilitates the operation of the imaging device. Its stripping rakes 38 cut into a layer of hanging bulbs from below, the bulbs fall into the spaces between the rabbits 38, combing the pile into small bunches. As the drum 28 rotates further, the leaves 29 are pressed by the drum, the bulbs are attracted to the web 51, occupying a certain position relative to the slats. At this point, the roller 52, rolling along the guide 54, runs onto the protrusion 55, the cloth 51 with knives 53 shears off the leaves and, after the roller 52 leaves the protrusion 55 under the action of the spring 56, it returns to its original position. The force of the action of the spring 56 is adjusted by turning or unscrewing the cap 58 on the cup 57. Cut leaves on the pitched

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the board 34 enters the transverse 35 conveyor, unloading the sheet separately from the bulbs. After the leaves are cut, a part of the bulbs immediately drops to 5 the cross conveyor 32, and some of them are removed from the tine 38 by the strips 48, which have the possibility of escaping from the contact with the back 39 of the tine 38 when moving the rollers 42

10 to a variable radius section 41. Here, roller 42 is moving away from. the center of the shaft 45 under the action of the spring 46, turning the lever 44 relative to the hinge-rack 43, while

J5 rod 47 deflects, with the result that the strip 48 connected to it removes the bulbs from the tine 38 without a residue. The bulbs on the sloping board 31 fall on the cross 32, longitudinal 33 and unloading 9 conveyors. This is a quality cut and separate collection of bulbs and leaves. Upon further rotation of the shaft 45, the lever 44 with the roller 42 returns to its normal position, the spring 46 ensures reliable contacting of the rollers 42 with the shaped track 40, the Rod 47 with the strip 48 comes back into contact with the backrest 39, the initial position of the lever 44 and the rod 47 is adjusted by tension spring 46 and changing the length of the screw 49,

The uniformity of the impact of the holding presser drum 17 on the pile is ensured by installing its shaft in the spring-loaded bearings 36, which also prevents these elements from breakage when stones and other foreign objects get into the pile.

thirty

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The presence of the beater 13 and the conveyor 14 with the wall 15 makes it possible to remove large soil impurities to the com pressor, which not only improves the quality of cleaning the onion seed from soil impurities, but also protects it from additional contamination, facilitates the work of all subsequent working bodies cars.

Used protrusions 18 with protrusions, adjustable in height, receiving cell 16 and presser 17 drums allow the separation of the pile, aimed at the location of the leaves on the conveyor 7 with the bulb forward, which contributes to more intensive

sifting soil impurities and is a preliminary preparation of the pile to cut the leaves and separate collection and unloading of bulbs, leaves.

The proposed shooting device contributes to high-quality cutting of leaves, removing individual bulbs after cutting leaves from tine 38 and separate collection and unloading of leaves and bulbs. Adjustability

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The position of the levers of the bulb removal device expands the range of the technological properties of the machine. It allows you to carry out this work without disrupting the continuity of the movement of the pile immediately on the run of the machine, eliminates subsequent processing, does not require additional labor. The result is a complete cut of 10 leaves, reducing labor costs and

funds for post-harvest additional processing.

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fig.Z

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fug. five

tpaf.f.

Compiled by Meshchersky Editor S. Tysina Tehred M. Hodanich Proofreader S. Shekmar

Order 4648/2 Circulation 679 Subscription

VNYIPI USSR State Committee

for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35 Raushsk nab. 4/5

Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4

Claims (5)

1. MACHINE FOR REMOVING ROOF CLIPPER, mainly hives, containing a digging share fixed on the frame, phase-shifted rotating square shafts, a roar mounted on the suspensions, a separating elevator, a clutch in the form of counter-rotating upper and lower cylinders and an elastomeric surface with an upper rib lower rollers, a bar conveyor, the working branch of the web of which is located between the upper and lower cylinders and rollers, and the scraper brush and unloading conveyors, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of root crops removal from soil impurities and tops, it is equipped with a beater placed above the upper unloading end of the separating elevator with a conveyor installed behind it to remove large soil lumps, placed between the separating elevator and the upper clamping coder, whose shaft has 18 spring-loaded bearings, and lower receiving mesh drums, as well as a device for separating b mounted behind the upper and lower rollers tvy. 2, Machine by π. 1, with the fact that the receiving cell drum is equipped with curved, guided at the ends, rod guides mounted on the frame in its receiving zone and equipped with devices for adjusting their location. 3. Machine pop. 1, characterized in that the device for separating the tops is made in the form of placed one above the other upper clamping and lower with combing rake with the backs and knife blade of the drums, between which a horizontal track is installed, and the lower drum has a device for removing root crops from the rake, made in the form of double-arm levers pivotally mounted on racks attached to the shaft and spring-loaded to it, on one of the arms of which rods with strips in contact with backs tine and the rollers, cooperating with fixed frame in the closed track having the lower portions thereof a curved portion curved with a variable radius of curvature. 4. The machine according to paragraphs. 1 and 3, characterized in that the rods with straps and levers with rollers are interconnected by a device for changing the angle of their installation. 5. The machine according to paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that, in order to carry out a separate collection of tops and root crops, the machine is equipped with pitched boards, transverse and transverse-longitudinal conveyors.