SU1131757A1 - Ice-breaking attachment for ship - Google Patents

Abstract

A ship icebreaker, containing a working body in the form of an upward oblique wedge forming the stem, and a chamber with nozzles, located inside the wedge, characterized in that, in order to accelerate the destruction of ice, it is supplied with a source of high-voltage pulsed voltage and connected to it blocks of electrodes located in the chamber, the nozzles of which are placed in the diametrical plane of the stem and are oriented upwards. ooh ate

Description

The invention relates to shipbuilding, to vessels intended for ice navigation. The ship's icebreaker is known, which has a working body in the form of an upward inclined wedge forming the forteven, and a chamber with nozzles located inside the wedge. 00 The purpose of the invention is the acceleration of destruction. The goal is achieved by the fact that the ship icebreaker, containing a working body in the form of an upward inclined wedge forming the stem, and a chamber with nozzles located inside the wedge, is equipped with a source of high voltage pulse voltage and nozzle blocks connected to it located in the chamber. which are located in the diametral plane of the stem and are oriented upwards. In Fig.1, a prefix is shown, a general side view; figure 2 is the same, top view; FIG. 3 shows the principal of the current pulse generator circuit, where SU is a control system; Pr1, Pr fuses T, - autotransformer; Tj - high voltage transformer; Р - discharge resistance; vb - rectifier; C — condenser; SA — switch; LP - icebreaker; figure 4 - section aa in figure 2; on fig.Z - section bb in figure 4; figure 6 - scheme of the console. The icebreaking unit consists of icebreaking stem 1, coupling device 2, dump walls 3, chamber 4 with electrodes 5 and b, connected to sources of high-voltage voltage (fig.Z) through tokovods 7. Chamber 4 provides through conical channels 8, constricting the EU from chamber 4 to the outer contour of the stem. The electrode 5 is isolated from the body of the attachment by the insulator 9. The icebreaker operates as follows. Ice 10, slipping along the ice-laying knife and guide walls, rises upwards as the vessel 11 moves with the prefix forward. In this case, the outlet nozzles of the chamber are below the surface of the ice. The shock wave produced by a high voltage discharge breaks through the nozzles and dynamically acts on the ice, destroying it. The ice under the action of the walls 3 and its own weight falls outside the limits of the ship's walk. The physical nature of the process during the destruction of ice processes is as follows. When a high voltage pulse (up to 10,000 V) is applied to the electrodes 5 and b in discharge 4 (the circuit is assembled in accordance with Fig. 3), electronic avalanches develop and a liquid gap occurs between the electrodes. The high energy density in the breakdown channel leads to heating, dissociation, and ionization of liquid molecules, an increase in pressure in the discharge channel. and expansion of gaseous products. A shock wave arises, propagating with speed. As a result, the hydrodynamic parameters of the fluid (pressure and temperature) increase almost instantly. The shock wave acts on the barrier (ice). and destroys it. The electric discharge in water, in addition, is accompanied by the occurrence of cavitation, ultra and infrarasonic oscillations, which contribute to the propagation of cracks in the ice mass and its subsequent destruction. The high effect of converting the electrical energy stored in the generator storage device into the destruction work is provided when the following conditions are met: the working electrode must be energized by a positive voltage pulse (relative to the attachment); It is preferable to use an anode with a minimally developed surface (for example, in the form of a tip — FIG. 2, electrode b) in order to ensure the maximum field strength at the anode; The interelectrode distance should be chosen from the condition of reproduction of stable bits that provide the maximum pressure of the shock wave. The destruction of the ice cover occurs as follows. Data of the estimated thickness of the ice and the required speed of the icebreaker composition are entered into the control system (SU in FIG. 3). They determine the required frequency of discharge in the chamber. During the movement of the composition, the force of the vessel’s movement on the ice and by means of an attachment causes a bending stress in it. At the same time, the impulsive shock (explosive) wave arising during discharge contributes to the emergence and development of numerous cracks in the ice mass, and, as a result, the intensification of the process destruction of the ice sheet as a whole.

The use of an icebreaking console improves the icebreaking capacity of the vessel due to the intensification of the ice breaking process.

due to the use of electro-hydraulic effect, as well as to reduce environmental pollution by products of combustion of fuel.

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Claims (1)

A SHIP ICE BREAKER containing a working body in the form of an upward inclined wedge forming a pin and a chamber with nozzles located inside the wedge, characterized in that ', in order to accelerate the destruction of ice, the ana is equipped with a source of high-voltage impulse voltage and electrode blocks connected to it located in the chamber, the nozzle of which is placed in the diametrical plane of the stem and oriented upwards.