SU1154472A1 - Arrangement for dewatering peat - Google Patents

Abstract

A DEVICE FOR MECHANICAL PEAT DRAINAGE, containing: a pressing unit with an infinite filtering unit mounted on the frame. a tape, an envelope supporting rollers connected to a pressing unit, a cleaner, vacuum boxes, and a drive connected to a pressing unit by a transmission mechanism, characterized in that, in order to increase its performance, the pressing unit is mounted in a form of a track with a drum and spring-loaded blocks prokaha rollers installed with the ability to interact with the inner surface of the lower branch of the filtering endless belt, and the supporting rollers are installed along the arc, equidistant drum , § caterpillar propulsion, while the bargang ban is connected to the village with the help of (L power mechanism.

Description

The invention relates to the mechanical dewatering of peat and can be used in the year-round production of bedding and other products from the peat of a low degree of decomposition.

A device for mechanical dewatering of peat is known, consisting of a loading unit connected to a bathtub in which a partition is positioned protruding above the slurry level and dividing a bath into two vessels, one of which is a hydroseparator of wood inclusions, and a mesh is mounted in another vessel. drum with squeezing shafts, in contact with the technical cloth, tight-fitting support rollers and a press shaft, in contact through technical cloth with a format drum forming a pressing unit, cleaner, Executed in the form of a knife, pressed to a format drum, a drive connected by a transmission mechanism to the press shaft. Cl. The disadvantage of this mechanical peat dewatering device is low productivity due to poor dewatering due to wetting of the peat with water pouring out in the compaction zone and carrying out this water piteous peat particles, which in turn reduces the specific surface layer.

The closest to the invention to the technical essence is a device for mechanical dewatering of peat, containing a boot unit mounted on a frame, connected to three consecutively interconnected baths in each of which two agitators are installed, and above them is a mesh drum in contact with filtering endless belt fitting squeezing and supporting rollers, a pressing unit consisting of a support shaft, two additional press rollers and a format drum located above them, bound to the lifting mechanism, two nip roller in contact through the filter endless belt cleaner configured as a knife-puller is pressed against the drum aspect, two vacuum boxes, one of which is mounted under the branch

filtering endless tape, and a friend - above its lower branch. Moreover, the support shaft and the additional press rollers are in contact through the filtering endless belt with a format drum. The disadvantages of the known device are the ability to work only on the suspension of the material being processed due to the design of the feed unit, filled in the form of a bath with a mesh drum, the low quality of adhesion of the material being processed the surface of the format drum due to the small number of contacts between the layer and the format drum, low productivity due to lower quality of vacuum due to suction in the evacuation zone up to 3% of small particles moving with high speed air and water, poor quality of the seal due to wetting of the material with water pouring out in the zone of compaction, as well as the removal of this water dust particles from the layer.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the performance of the device.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in a device for mechanical dewatering of peat, containing a pressing unit mounted on a bed with a filtering endless belt, an envelope supporting rollers, a cleaner connected to a pressing unit, vacuum boxes and a drive connected to a pressing unit by a transmission mechanism, the pressing unit is made the form of a caterpillar drive with a drum and spring-loaded blocks of rolling rollers, which are installed with the possibility of interaction with the inner surface of it branches filtrukuschey endless belt and the supporting rollers mounted on an arc equidistant drum caterpillar drives, the drum is connected to the frame by means of the lift mechanism.

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the device, side view; in fig. 2 shows section A-A in FIG. 1 (block rolling rollers); in fig. 3 shows a section BB in FIG. 1 (block rolling

rollers), in FIG. 4 shows view B in FIG. 1 (supporting rollers), FIG. 5 placement of the filtering tape in the pressing unit, side view.

The device contains a frame 1, on which horizontal are mounted. 2-4 shafts, and below it two lower shafts 5 with teeth along the edges of the tension shaft 6, filtering endless belt 7 with holes on the edges for engagement with the teeth of shafts 5, which bends around the shafts 2-4 , shafts with teeth 5 and a tension shaft 6, a pressing unit consisting of a caterpillar drive, which consists of a power drum 8 with a hydraulic cylinder, a tensionly supporting shaft 9, an endless belt 10 spanning the power drum 8 and shaft 9, two blocks rolling rollers 11 and 12, prod dinner springs 13, each of which consists of three rollers placed between the power drum 8 and the shaft 9, supporting rollers 14, grouped into three blocks, with supporting rollers that are mounted along an equidistant drum 8, springs 15, interacting with the ends of the supporting axes rollers 14, placed in the grooves of the sides of the frame 1, the extreme blocks of which have three rollers 14 each, and the middle block has four rollers 14 that are in contact with the power drum B through the filtering 7 and endless 10 belts, press shaft 16s guide a cylinder mounted above the power drum 8, a vacuum box 17 placed under the lower branch of the filtering endless belt 7 in the area of the block of rolling rollers 11, a support plate 18 located under the lower branch of the filtering endless belt 7 in the area of the unit of the rolling rollers 12, vacuum box 19, located at the beginning of the compression zone under the power banaban 8, cleaners 20, under one of which is a belt conveyor 21, a loading unit 22 with steam connections, a conveyor 23 communicating with the internal cavity of the loading of node 22, the transmission 24 tsepnuyu- linking the laminating rollers 11 and 12c of the pulling shaft 9, a chain transmission 25 connecting the

supporting rollers 14 with power drum 8 connected by chain gears 26 with shaft 9 and shaft 5, pallet 27 mounted under the lower branch of the filtering endless belt 7. Moreover, rolling rollers 11 and 12 and supporting 14 rollers are connected by chain drives, and the distance between adjacent rollers is 0-1 mm.

The device for mechanical dewatering of peat works as follows.

Before starting work, a predetermined pressure force of blocks of rolling rollers 11, equal to 0.1-0.2 kg / cm, and blocks of rolling rollers 12, equal to O, 5-1.5 to 1.5 kg / cm, pressure of power drum 8 equal to 15-20 kg / cm, the pressure of the support rollers 14 is pressed, which from the ngokny block of the latter to their upper block is 2.5-5 kg / cm, 5-10 kg / cm, 10-15 kg / cm, respectively, pressure press shaft 16 ,, equal to 15-20 kg / cm and providing the necessary yciinife over the entire length of the compression zone (compaction).

Vacuum boxes 17 and 19 regulate the discharge of 250-500 mm Hg, which provides the necessary conditions for filtering the processed material. After that, a drive (not shown) is turned on, from which rotation through chain drives 26 is transmitted to the drive shaft 5, shaft 9 and drum 8. The teeth of the shaft 5 interact with the openings of the filtering endless belt 7 and move it in the direction of rotation of the shaft 5, and due to the Groin, the shafts 6, 4, 3 and 2 are rotated. At the same time, an endless belt 10 is received from the shaft 9 and the power drum 8. From the power drum 8 through the chain drive 25, the rotation is transmitted by the supporting roller 14, and from the shaft 9 through chain transfer 24 - rolling rollers 11 and 12. Thanks to chain gears (not shown), the rollers 1 1, 12 and 14 blocks work without slipping, and the teeth of the shafts 5 prevent the filter tape 7 from slipping. The supporting rollers of the rollers 14 prevent the filtering of the filtering endless tape 7. At the same time, the tapes 7 and 10 interleave at the same angular velocity, since shafts 5 and 9 and power drum 8 have the same rotational frequency. Thereafter, one of the known methods, such as hydroseparation, freed from wood inclusions, peat with a decomposition rate of 5–20% and humidity of 90–97% from the upper deposit is fed by a conveyor 23 to the loading unit 22, where it is steamed with 60,200 ° C, maintained at this temperature, for 20-40 minutes and at the same time it is stirred by the agitators of the node 22. Due to this, the viscosity of the liquid decreases, and the plasticity of the peat increases. Such a peat by the lower mixer of node 22 is fed to the filtering endless belt 7, which moves at a speed of 25-55 m / min, with a specific load of 0.5-3 g / cm, thereby ensuring optimum performance. Tape 7 in the area of the vacuum box 17, having a discharge of 250 to 500 mm Hg. Art. When the peat, whose pores are filled with water, is above the slot of the vacuum box 17, then at the first moment, the intake air cannot pass through the peat layer, since this is a mixture of water in the pores. Such a layer is an airtight bulkhead, subjected to a higher air pressure from above (atmospheric pressure) and a lower pressure from below (the pressure is discharged from the air in the box 17). Under these conditions, the vacuum of dehydration proceeds in three stages. First, the torus phase is compressed under the influence of the pressure difference between the atmospheric and vacuum box 17. As a result, water is removed from its pores as during the pressing process. The reason for this is the air pressure over the Hegelo vacuum box 17. After such a compaction, the density of the peat layer increases to such an extent that the air pressure for its compression becomes sufficient and the further discharge of water in this area occurs without compressing the layer. Under these conditions air. displaces water from the pores by pushing it out like a piston. The pores, freeing the water from the water, become through and the air moves freely along them. 2fe sucked in by a vacuum box 17. Moreover, the air moves with a high speed and carries with it some amount of water remaining on the pore walls. In this area of the evacuation, up to 3% of dust particles are sucked from the surface of the peat layer. This reduces the content of fine particles in the evacuated layer, so it has a small specific surface area, its adhesion decreases. When the rolling rollers 11 enter the zone, this peat layer is compacted last at a pressure of 1 to 2 kg / cm, which is greater than the difference in air pressure above the vacuum box 17 and inside it. Therefore, in this area, such a layer is not compressed during the vacuum dewatering process, and air displaces water from the pores like a piston, which pushes water out of a cylinder. The pores from which water is removed become through and freely move through the air, sucked in by the vacuum box 17. Air Has greater speed and carries some amount of water remaining on the pore walls, while a small amount of dust is carried away (up to 0 2-0,5%). In this area, air leaks from the end and sides of the rollers 11, which interact through endless 10 and filtering endless 7 tapes with the vacuum box 17 plate. Due to this, the peat layer entering the zone is compacted between the tapes 10 and 7 (Fig. 2, layer D ). Upon further movement of the filtering tape 7, the vacuum layer Г enters the area of the rolling rollers 12, where it is compressed with a force of 5–15 kg / cm from the action of the springs 13. As a result, a pair of a layer of peat squeezes the SI, and their volume becomes less. and pore shape in cross section. At the same time, the support plate 19 promotes a uniform squeezing of the pores and prevents the swelling of the infinite: belts 7 and 10, and the peat layer D half-smoothes even (Fig. 3). In the vacuum section (box 17), peat loses up to 15–20% of moisture. Layer D moves to the compression zone of the press of its assembly with ribbons 7 and 10. In this area, the peat layer is compressed by the power drum 8 and the supporting rollers 1 A. Moreover, depending on the specific load, the drum 8 is displaced in the horizontal plane and the springs 15 are deformed. Due to this, the supporting rollers 14 with the supporting rollers also move the bed 1 in the slots of the sidewalls, and the pressure on the peat increases from the lower supporting rollers 14 to the upper rollers 14. The location of the supporting rollers 14 and the rollers from each other at a distance of 0-1 mm along an arc equidistant to drum 8, it smoothes out the dips between extremes of force and the wave-like deformation of belt 7 is minimized. On. From the peat pores, the supporting rollers 14 are drawn from the water, which flows to the chink inlet to the zone, squeezed, where it is sucked by the vacuum box 19. Due to the pores being squeezed by the rollers 12 and 14, their volume becomes even smaller, for this reason less, and the suction of the ejected water by the vacuum box 19 eliminates its accumulation in this part of the pressing unit. In the compression zone, 30 to 40% of water is removed from the peat. Such a layer of peat is transported by ribbons 7 and 10 to the sealing zone of the press shaft 16, where it is squeezed with a force equal to ISOZOO kg / cm from the hydraulic cylinder shaft 1 6. In this area of the press shaft t6, the final removal of peat from the pores into the dyes, while the pores themselves are again compressed, while their volume decreases. Due to this, a small part of the flowing water fills the pores at the compaction site, and the upper press shaft 16 peat is slightly saturated with air, which increases its density. Upon further movement, the peat from the belt 7 is removed by one of the cleaners 20, and from the lineless tape 10 by another cleaner 20 is discharged into the conveyor 21. After freeing part of the filtering endless belt 7, the postfishing belt 7 is removed to 27, where 7 is washed with water, which is discharged through the chute to a sump (not shown). As a filtering endless belt 7, you can use a technical cloth, and a metal belt as endless belt 10. The pressure force in the pressing unit may differ from the one depending on the physicomechanical properties of the material being processed, and the peat in unit .22 may not be exposed to steam. In addition, solid additives can be fed into the hopper, and maybe directly to the belt, which improves the conditions of the dewatering process. The present invention makes it possible to reduce up to 3% of the peat layer of pulverized particles by compacting the layer in the evacuation zone by introducing the rolling rollers, reduce the wettability of the peat by pouring water in the compacted zone by placing the vacuum box at the beginning of this zone, and improve the formation of a pressing unit in the form of a caterpillar drive and support rollers located along the arc, an equidistant power drum, is spring-loaded with a bottom-increasing force, and and the account of the distance between adjacent rollers is 0-1 mm reduces, and can be completely precluding waviness filter endless belt in the compression zone, ensures a stable position of the filter endless belt by introducing poddorzhivayushlh rollers together with supporting rollers. In addition, the location of adjacent support rollers at a close distance, for example, O - 1 mm, reduces the distance between load peaks (load pulses), thereby reducing the gaps between peaks (adjacent pulses) of loads of adjacent support rollers, and hence the process of mechanical dehydration is intensified. . peat, and therefore increases the performance of the device. D- I- 16 3 2 20 d W 11 9 D 25 9 13 7 27 17

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Claims (1)

DEVICE FOR MECHANICAL DEWATERING OF PEAT, containing; a pressing unit mounted on the bed with an endless filtering filter enveloping the support rollers, a cleaner connected to the pressing unit, vacuum boxes and a drive connected to the pressing unit by a transmission mechanism, so that, in order to increase its performance, the pressing unit is made in the form of a caterpillar movement with a drum and spring-loaded proca- blocks. of the feeding rollers installed with the possibility of interaction with the inner surface of the lower branch of the filtering endless belt, and the supporting rollers are installed along an arc, an equidistant drum, a caterpillar mover, while the bar "<g ban is connected to the station using the power mechanism. SU, "1154472 1 154472