SU1056395A1 - A.c./d.c. converter - Google Patents

Abstract

AC CURRENT TO PERMANENT CONVERTER containing the valve element, so that, in order to improve the oil .. .. and 7 coherent and cost indicators by obtaining a high current density, the valve element is made of IB as a superconductive, mostly from high-purity aluminum, plates with common end contact on the side of connection of an alternating current source and separate and, once unfrozen to the side edges, current collectors of rectified current corresponding to positive and negative half-waves At this, the plate is located in the magnetic field of the electromagnet, whose axis is perpendicular to the plane of the plate and passes through the axis of its symmetry, and the direction of the current in the excitation winding of the electromagnet is in-phase alternating current.

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to converter equipment, and can be applied in power sources as a rectifying device. There are known devices for alternating current alternating current using electronic vacuum tubes (kenotrons), gas tubes, mercury lamps, solid-state semiconductors, electrical contact elements, which are based on the use of valve effects of various physical nature in a special working element included into the rectifying current circuit, as a result of which the -current is divided into direct and reverse components Clj. The disadvantages of devices are low reliability, characteristic of all electrical devices and comparative weakness, which imposes difficult to overcome restrictions on the magnitude of the operating current. The closest technical solution to the invention is an alternating current converter. A constant one, made on the basis of a semiconductor valve element (diode) .. C2 J. Although this converter provides high reliability and allows substantially higher current densities, nevertheless less limited by total current loads of the order of 200 to 500 A (per unit), and when used in power; note-based (with a level of currents of 1000-: 10,000 A) systems must be completed. cumbersome blocks, which leads to deterioration of weight and size indicators and an increase in the cost of equipment. The purpose of the invention is to improve the mass-bariters and cost displays. body to it by obtaining a high current density. This goal is achieved by the fact that in an inverted-to-constant-current converter, a constant containing valve element / said element is pushed out in the form of a hyperconducting, mainly of high-purity aluminum, a plate with a common end contact on the side of the connection of the alternating current source and separate m, current collection of rectified current, corresponding to positive and negative half-waves of alternating current, with ems the plate is located in the magnetic field of the electromagnet, the axis of which is perpendicular It is aligned with the plane of the flat: tin and passes through its axis of symmetry, and the direction of the current in the excitation winding of the electromagnet is in phase with the alternating current. FIG. Figure 1 shows a schematic of the device with diagrams explaining its work; in fig. 2 and 3 - an explanation of the mechanism of the effect of the high paidness of the current. The converter (Fig. 1) contains a winding 1 of the electromagnet, its core 2 with a tapered 1-pole tip. The axis of the electromagnet is perpendicular. To the plane, plate 3, enclosed by a cryostat 4 i To the face contact 5 there is connected an alternating power source 6 (a generator). To the current collector: yam 7 and 8 there are connected loads 3 and 1b, fed by a direct current of different polarity. The current in the excitation winding of the electromagnet is excited from source 11 (generator), and the direction of this current is inphrasing direction of current from source 6. The device is based on the effect of S-shaped current cords in a hyperconductor placed in a strong effective inhomogeneous increasing-decreasing in magnitude transverse magnetic the field, so that in the region of the increase of the field the current lines are perpendicular to the field to one of the side faces of the conductor, and in the area of the subsidence to the opposite. To illustrate this effect in FIG. Figure 2 shows the diagram of the distribution of the drift component current density over the cross section of a sample of high purity (hyperconductive) aluminum at 2 K with relative resistance y, 2 "1900Q normal to the direction of the magnetic field H with a strength of 47 kOe and a field heterogeneity of 0.8% / cm. The process of shrinking the current in the cord is enhanced by increasing the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field and increasing the magnitude of the effective field, i.e. the product of the strength of the actual magnetic field and the coefficient of electrical resistivity of the hyperconductors compared with the usual level. It is also facilitated in the so-called uncompensated metals (with unequal electron and hole volumes) and imocios metals. Deputy | Fermi Knout Surface, an example of which are aluminum and indium. The transport current in the plate 3, placed in a transverse magnetic field, is affected by the Lorentz (Ampere) force, as a result of which a perpendicular to this current and field from the Hall electromotive electromagnet and, accordingly, the Hall current arises in it. In a non-uniform magnetic field, the EMF of the Hall is also non-uniform, and because of this, along the conductor, in both directions from the center of the magnetic field, equalizing Hall currents arise, also deflected by the Lorentz force, resulting in two symmetrically arranged vortexes of the Hall current with opposite rotation. In a metal with low resistance, an example of which is highly pure aluminum at liquid gel temperature, the resistance is lower than that of conventional conductors by 10,000 - 20,000 times), and in a field with a large induction current, Hall is large and comparable to the transport current, and their algebraic summation gives the effect of the emergence of an S-shaped transport current cord. When changing the direction of the magnetic field, the TOka cord is mirrored, which is the basis for the operation of the device (Fig. 3). This makes it possible to realize the effect of rectifying the alternating (in the direction) current by synchronizing the change in the direction of the current in the hyperconducting plate, which in this case plays the role of a peculiar electric fan or, more precisely, an electric separator separator, and in the control winding excitation electromagnet ta. Selection of the direct and inverse components of the current can be provided, for example, by a three-electrode contact system consisting of one Common (across the end) contact 5 and two located on the opposite side of the contact plate — current collectors 7 and 8; ; allocated in the corresponding loads. FIG. 1 current diagrams in the device based elements (operating current generator, generator 6, generator 11 of the power supply of the electromagnet winding, load circuits 9 and 10). It is obvious that the electromagnet can be powered from the main working circuit as well, and any other methods can be used. .. The preferred material of the rectifier element is high-purity alginia, in particular, industrial Leino special grade aluminum A999 GOST 11069-74 TU 48-5-24-72 with a purity of 99.999%, whose electrical resistance, when cooled to liquid gel temperature T, 2 K, decreases to p4, Ohm-cm, which is more than 7,000 times lower than the usual level (in fact, 293 / p4, 2 7000-20000 are observed). The strong magnetic field required to create the current lashing effect must be on the order of 10-30 k E (this corresponds to the well-known physical condition wT l, where the co-cyclotron frequency; T is the time of collisional motion of an electron). In the case of aluminum, a non-uniform magnetic field is desirable to be at least 1% per 1 cm of length. Pro is easily achieved especially by selecting the appropriate configuration of the magnet core, first of all its pole pieces. The width of the hyper-conducting rectifying plate should be significantly larger than the mean free path of the electrons. In particular, the following dimensions can be recommended: width 5 mm, length 25 mm, thickness 0.5 mm. The small size of the rectifier element facilitates its cryostatting of the yrie by the temperature levels of liquid helium or hydrogen (neon), which is most appropriate for practical purposes. This determines the compactness of the device as a whole and the low energy costs of its operation. At the same time, rectifiable currents can be extremely high at the level of kiloamperes, at stably maintained densities (1-5 kDumm). The main areas of application of such a rectifier are high-current circuits and, above all, hyperconducting and superconducting systems. The absence of worn jacket or aging elements determines its high reliability. Additional advantages are simplicity of technical implementation and low sensitivity to external influences. The rectification coefficient is 0.95.

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Claims (1)

AC CONVERTER TO DC CONSTANT element, ι with the fact that, for the purpose, containing venotally different Figure 1 1056395 A of overall and cost indicators by obtaining a high current density, the valve element is made IB in the form of a hyperconducting, mainly from high-purity aluminum, a plate with a common end contact on the side of the AC source connection and separate, separated to the side faces, current collectors rectified current, corresponding to the positive and negative half-waves of alternating current, while the plate is located in the magnetic field of the electromagnet, whose axis is perpendicular to the plane of the sheet other and passes through the axis of its symmetry, and the direction of the current in the excitation winding of the electromagnet is in phase with the alternating current. s ¹⁶ / y R \ and ^J ho & n l semiconductors, electrical contact elements, which are based on the use of valve effects of various physical nature in