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SK500612022U1 - Structural board containing mainly of municipal waste - Google Patents

Structural board containing mainly of municipal waste Download PDF

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Publication number
SK500612022U1
SK500612022U1 SK50061-2022U SK500612022U SK500612022U1 SK 500612022 U1 SK500612022 U1 SK 500612022U1 SK 500612022 U SK500612022 U SK 500612022U SK 500612022 U1 SK500612022 U1 SK 500612022U1
Authority
SK
Slovakia
Prior art keywords
board according
municipal waste
weight
base layer
structural board
Prior art date
Application number
SK50061-2022U
Other languages
Slovak (sk)
Other versions
SK9740Y1 (en
Inventor
Zdeněk Suchomel
František Hořava
Original Assignee
Smart Technik A.S.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Smart Technik A.S. filed Critical Smart Technik A.S.
Publication of SK500612022U1 publication Critical patent/SK500612022U1/en
Publication of SK9740Y1 publication Critical patent/SK9740Y1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/0026—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting
    • B29B17/0036—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting of large particles, e.g. beads, granules, pellets, flakes, slices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/0026—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting
    • B29B17/0042—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting for shaping parts, e.g. multilayered parts with at least one layer containing regenerated plastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B19/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica
    • B32B19/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B19/045—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/10—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/04—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by at least one layer folded at the edge, e.g. over another layer ; characterised by at least one layer enveloping or enclosing a material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/16—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, powder or granules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/16—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/24—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20
    • E04C2/246—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20 combinations of materials fully covered by E04C2/16 and E04C2/20
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/28—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups combinations of materials fully covered by groups E04C2/04 and E04C2/08
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
    • B32B2262/062—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
    • B32B2262/067—Wood fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/02—Synthetic macromolecular particles
    • B32B2264/0214—Particles made of materials belonging to B32B27/00
    • B32B2264/0228—Vinyl resin particles, e.g. polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol polymers or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/02—Synthetic macromolecular particles
    • B32B2264/0214—Particles made of materials belonging to B32B27/00
    • B32B2264/0257—Polyolefin particles, e.g. polyethylene or polypropylene homopolymers or ethylene-propylene copolymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/02—Synthetic macromolecular particles
    • B32B2264/0214—Particles made of materials belonging to B32B27/00
    • B32B2264/0264—Polyamide particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/02—Synthetic macromolecular particles
    • B32B2264/0214—Particles made of materials belonging to B32B27/00
    • B32B2264/0278—Polyester particles
    • B32B2264/0285—PET or PBT
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/06—Vegetal particles
    • B32B2264/062—Cellulose particles, e.g. cotton
    • B32B2264/067—Wood particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/12—Mixture of at least two particles made of different materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/714—Inert, i.e. inert to chemical degradation, corrosion
    • B32B2307/7145—Rot proof, resistant to bacteria, mildew, mould, fungi
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/72—Density
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • B32B2307/7242—Non-permeable
    • B32B2307/7246—Water vapor barrier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2607/00—Walls, panels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Cleaning Implements For Floors, Carpets, Furniture, Walls, And The Like (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Described is a structural board containing mainly of municipal waste, consisting of a base layer (1) and two covering layers (2), while the base layer (1) contains compressed crumb of disintegrated, homogenized and compressed municipal waste, which contains 5 to 65% by weight chemical pulp, 20 to 75% by weight polyethylene with a low specific weight and/or polyethylene with a high specific weight, 0.05 to 15% by weight polyethylene terephthalate, 0.05 to 5 % by weight polyamide, 0.05 to 5 % by weight polyacetal, 0.05 to 5 % by weight polypropylene, 0.05 to 40 % by weight wood fiber material and up to 5% by weight dust particles of municipal waste. The base layer (1) also contains an antibacterial filler and can be provided with water-repellent and/or antibacterial impregnation on one or both sides. The construction board according to the technical solution can be used in civil engineering as a construction material.

Description

Oblasť technikyThe field of technology

Technickým riešením je konštrukčná doska vhodná na stavebné účely. Je tvorená najmä komunálnym odpadom.The technical solution is a structural board suitable for construction purposes. It consists mainly of municipal waste.

Doterajší stav technikyCurrent state of the art

Doteraz sú známe stavebno-konštrukčné dosky vyrábané z drevného materiálu, ktorý je spájaný lepidlom. Ich nevýhodou je náchylnosť k nasiakavosti a napučaniu, ktoré so sebou prináša stratu pevnosti.Until now, building-construction boards are known, made of wood material, which is joined with glue. Their disadvantage is susceptibility to absorption and swelling, which brings with it a loss of strength.

Je taktiež známa výroba obkladových dosiek zo sadry a cementotrieskových zmesí. Tieto stavebné dosky sa používajú ako obkladové dosky a sú vzhľadom na nízku pevnosť a vysokú nasiakavosť určené na špeciálne použitie.The production of facing boards from gypsum and cement chip mixtures is also known. These building boards are used as cladding boards and are intended for special use due to their low strength and high absorbency.

Tiež sú známe konštrukčné dosky vyrábané zo špecifického postindustriálneho a post-spotrebiteľského odpadu, ktorým je laminovaný papierový obal vybavený aspoň z jednej strany fóliou z plastu typu TETRAPAK. Tento odpad sa však na celkovom objeme odpadov podieľa len malým percentom a jedná sa o prácne a nákladne vytriedený odpad, čo predražuje výrobu.There are also known construction boards produced from specific post-industrial and post-consumer waste, which is a laminated paper package equipped on at least one side with TETRAPAK type plastic film. However, this waste only accounts for a small percentage of the total volume of waste, and it is laboriously and expensively sorted waste, which makes production more expensive.

Doterajšie riešenia sú značne zložité, a tým menej ekonomické.The existing solutions are quite complex and therefore less economical.

Podstata technického riešeniaThe essence of the technical solution

Uvedené nevýhody do značnej miery odstraňuje konštrukčná doska tvorená najmä komunálnym odpadom podľa tohto technického riešenia, ktorého podstata spočíva v tom, že pozostáva zo základnej vrstvy a minimálne dvoch krycích vrstiev.The mentioned disadvantages are largely eliminated by the structural board made mainly of municipal waste according to this technical solution, the essence of which consists in the fact that it consists of a base layer and at least two covering layers.

Základná vrstva obsahuje stlačenú drť dezintegrovaného, homogenizovaného a zlisovaného komunálneho odpadu, ktorá sa najprv rozdrví, premieša a preoseje cez sito s priemerom ôk 10 až 50 mm. Na uskutočnenie konštrukčnej dosky sa použije komunálny odpad, ktorý pokiaľ možno neobsahuje väčší popol, kamene, hlinu a podobné komponenty, ktoré by komplikovali výrobu. Pritom malé množstvo týchto prímesí nie je závadné. Preto sa môže použiť aj nevytriedený komunálny odpad, čo je ekonomicky výhodné. Použitý komunálny odpad obsahuje hmotnostné percentá nasledujúceho zloženia:The base layer contains compressed rubble of disintegrated, homogenized and compacted municipal waste, which is first crushed, mixed and sifted through a sieve with a mesh diameter of 10 to 50 mm. Municipal waste is used to make the construction board, which preferably does not contain larger ash, stones, clay and similar components that would complicate production. At the same time, a small amount of these impurities is not objectionable. Therefore, unsorted municipal waste can also be used, which is economically advantageous. The used municipal waste contains mass percentages of the following composition:

chemická buničina chemical pulp 5 až 65 % 5 to 65% PE-LD - polyetylén s nízkou mernou hmotnosťou a/alebo PE-LD - low density polyethylene and/or PE-HD - polyetylén s vysokou mernou hmotnosťou PE-HD - polyethylene with a high specific gravity 20 až 75 % 20 to 75% PET - polyetyléntereftalát PET - polyethylene terephthalate 0,05 až 15 % 0.05 to 15% PA - polyamid PA - polyamide 0,05 až 5 % 0.05 to 5% POM - polyacetal POM - polyacetal 0,05 až 5 % 0.05 to 5% PP - polypropylén PP - polypropylene 0,05 až 5 % 0.05 to 5% drevovláknitý materiál wood fiber material 0,05 až 40 % 0.05 to 40% prachové častice komunálneho odpadu dust particles of municipal waste do 5 % up to 5% Z komunálneho odpadu je lisovaním za tepla zhotovená základná vrstva, ktorá je už pri lisovaní z každej A base layer is made from municipal waste by hot pressing, which is already from each pressing

strany vybavená krycou vrstvou. Aspoň jedna z krycích vrstiev je z vonkajšej strany vybavená papierom. Krycia vrstva pevnostne dotvára kompaktnosť a taktiež vzhľad a hladkosť konštrukčnej dosky.sides equipped with a cover layer. At least one of the cover layers is equipped with paper on the outside. The covering layer adds strength to the compactness as well as the appearance and smoothness of the structural board.

Je podstatné, že krycia vrstva je zhotovená z fólie na báze polyetylénu PE-HD, alebo polyetylénu PE-LD.It is essential that the covering layer is made of a film based on polyethylene PE-HD or polyethylene PE-LD.

Podstatou technického riešenia je taktiež to, že základná vrstva konštrukčnej dosky obsahuje antibakteriálne plnivo.The essence of the technical solution is also that the base layer of the structural board contains an antibacterial filler.

Podstatné je, že hrúbka konštrukčnej dosky je 6 až 25 mm.It is important that the thickness of the construction board is 6 to 25 mm.

Rovnako je podstatné, že konštrukčná doska je formátovaná na obdĺžnik dĺžky 500 až 5 000 mm a šírky 500 až 3 000 mm.It is also essential that the construction board is formatted as a rectangle with a length of 500 to 5,000 mm and a width of 500 to 3,000 mm.

Podstatné je, že hrany konštrukčnej dosky sú vybavené ochrannou vrstvou proti vlhkosti a/alebo plesni, tvorenou vodoodpudivou a/alebo antibakteriálnou impregnáciou.It is essential that the edges of the construction board are equipped with a protective layer against moisture and/or mold, formed by water-repellent and/or antibacterial impregnation.

Ďalej je podstatné, že jej hrany sú vybavené ochrannou páskou.It is also important that its edges are equipped with protective tape.

V neposlednom rade je podstatné, že z jednej alebo oboch strán je konštrukčná doska vybavená do hĺbky až 5 mm priebežnými prelismi a/alebo dlaždicovými prelismi.Last but not least, it is essential that on one or both sides the structural board is equipped with continuous moldings and/or tile moldings to a depth of up to 5 mm.

Nakoniec je podstatné, že merná hmotnosť konštrukčnej dosky je 750 - 1 150 kg/m3.Finally, it is important that the specific weight of the structural board is 750 - 1,150 kg/m 3 .

SK 50061-2022 U1SK 50061-2022 U1

Prehľad obrázkov na výkresochOverview of images on drawings

Technické riešenie bude bližšie objasnené pomocou výkresov, na ktorých je znázornená konštrukčná doska tvorená najmä komunálnym odpadom podľa tohto technického riešenia, pričom:The technical solution will be explained in more detail with the help of drawings, which show a structural board made mainly of municipal waste according to this technical solution, while:

Na obr. 1 je zobrazený rez konštrukčnou doskou. Je zrejmá základná vrstva tvorená najmä komunálnym odpadom a spodnou aj hornou krycou vrstvou. Pritom horná krycia vrstva je ešte pokrytá vrstvou papiera.In fig. 1 shows a section of the construction board. It is obvious the basic layer formed mainly by municipal waste and the lower and upper covering layer. At the same time, the upper covering layer is still covered with a layer of paper.

Na obr. 2 je znázornený pôdorys konštrukčnej dosky. Sú znázornené priebežné prelisy, ktorými je doska vybavená a tiež ochranné pásky, ktorými sú vybavené všetky jej hrany.In fig. 2 shows the floor plan of the construction board. The continuous moldings with which the board is equipped and also the protective tapes with which all its edges are equipped are shown.

Na obr. 3 je znázornený pôdorys konštrukčnej dosky. Sú znázornené dlaždicové prelisy, ktorými je doska vybavená.In fig. 3 shows the floor plan of the construction board. The tile moldings with which the board is equipped are shown.

Príklady uskutočneniaImplementation examples

Zámerom je zhotoviť konštrukčné dosky, ktoré sú výrobne jednoduché a lacné. Pritom je tiež zámer lacno likvidovať komunálny odpad. Preto je rozhodnuté vyrábať konštrukčné dosky tvorené najmä komunálnym odpadom podľa tohto technického riešenia.The intention is to make structural boards that are simple and cheap to manufacture. At the same time, the intention is also to dispose of municipal waste cheaply. Therefore, it has been decided to produce structural boards made mainly of municipal waste according to this technical solution.

Na výrobu základnej vrstvy 1 konštrukčnej dosky je použitý komunálny odpad obsahujúci nasledujúce zloženie v hmotnostných percentách: chemická buničina 41 %For the production of the base layer 1 of the structural board, municipal waste containing the following composition in mass percentages is used: chemical pulp 41%

PE-LD - polyetylén s nízkou mernou hmotnosťou 12 %PE-LD - low density polyethylene 12%

PE-HD - polyetylén s vysokou mernou hmotnosťou 19 %PE-HD - polyethylene with a high specific gravity of 19%

PET - polyetyléntereftalát 4 %PET - polyethylene terephthalate 4%

PA - polyamid 3 %PA - polyamide 3%

POM - polyacetal 4 %POM - polyacetal 4%

PP - polypropylén 1 % drevovláknitý materiál 13 % prachové častice komunálneho odpadu 3 %PP - polypropylene 1% wood fiber material 13% dust particles of municipal waste 3%

Na realizáciu krycích vrstiev 2, ktorými je základná vrstva 1 konštrukčnej dosky z každej strany vybavená, je použitá polyetylénová PE-HD fólia s hrúbkou 1 mm.A polyethylene PE-HD film with a thickness of 1 mm is used for the realization of the cover layers 2, with which the base layer 1 of the structural board is equipped on each side.

Komunálny odpad sa rozdrví a preoseje cez sito s priemerom ôk 40 mm. Následne sa premieša, pridá sa antibakteriálne plnivo. Potom sa rovnomerne rozloží na PE-HD fólie tak, že výška vrstvy komunálneho odpadu je 20 až 24 mm. Potom sa takto rozvrstvený komunálny odpad prikryje druhou krycou vrstvou 2, taktiež PEHD fóliou a za pôsobenia teploty 200 °C sa lisuje tlakom 0,5 N/mm2. Lisovacia forma je z oboch strán vybavená výstupkami tak, že na výrobku sú lisovaním vytvorené dlaždicové prelisy 5. Prelisy 5 spevňujú výrobok. Po vylisovaní sa obe krycie vrstvy 2 PE-HD fólie vybavia papierom 3, ktorý je na ne nalepený. Takto zhotovený výrobok má hrúbku 15 mm a je orezaný na zvolený formát, a to 400 mm x 300 mm. Hrany výrobku sú proti vlhkosti a plesni vybavené ochrannou vrstvou vhodnej vodoodpudivej a antibakteriálnej kvapaliny. Následne sú hrany výrobku vybavené ochrannou páskou 4 PE-HD fólie. Takto zhotovená konštrukčná doska má mernú hmotnosť 950 kg/m3.Municipal waste is crushed and sifted through a sieve with a mesh diameter of 40 mm. It is then mixed and an antibacterial filler is added. Then it is spread evenly on PE-HD films so that the height of the municipal waste layer is 20 to 24 mm. After that, the stratified municipal waste is covered with a second covering layer 2, also with PEHD foil, and under the influence of a temperature of 200 °C, it is pressed with a pressure of 0.5 N/mm 2 . The pressing mold is equipped with protrusions on both sides, so that the product is formed by pressing tile moldings 5. Moldings 5 strengthen the product. After pressing, both cover layers 2 of the PE-HD film are equipped with paper 3, which is glued to them. The product made in this way has a thickness of 15 mm and is cut to the selected format, namely 400 mm x 300 mm. The edges of the product are equipped with a protective layer of a suitable water-repellent and antibacterial liquid against moisture and mold. Subsequently, the edges of the product are equipped with a protective tape of 4 PE-HD foils. The structural board produced in this way has a specific weight of 950 kg/m 3 .

Priemyselná využiteľnosťIndustrial applicability

Konštrukčnú dosku podľa technického riešenia je možné využiť v stavebníctve ako konštrukčný materiál. Jej použitie je aj v skladovom hospodárstve a v ďalších priemyselných odvetviach, ktoré využívajú štandardné konštrukčné dosky. Vyniká dostatočnou pevnosťou, mechanickou odolnosťou, je hygienicky nezávadná a cenovo dostupná. Súčasne sa jej výrobou likviduje komunálny odpad.The construction board according to the technical solution can be used in construction as a construction material. It is also used in warehouse management and in other industries that use standard structural boards. It stands out with sufficient strength, mechanical resistance, is hygienically safe and affordable. At the same time, its production disposes of municipal waste.

SK 50061-2022 U1SK 50061-2022 U1

Zoznam vzťahových značiekList of relationship tags

- základná vrstva- base layer

- krycia vrstva- cover layer

3 - papier3 - paper

- ochranná páska- protective tape

- prelis- overprint

Claims (10)

NÁROKY NA OCHRANUCLAIMS FOR PROTECTION 1. Konštrukčná doska, tvorená najmä komunálnym odpadom, vyznačujúca sa tým, že pozostáva zo základnej vrstvy (1) a dvoch krycích vrstiev (2), pričom základná vrstva (1) obsahuje stlačenú drť dezintegrovaného, homogenizovaného a zlisovaného komunálneho odpadu, obsahujúceho 5 až 65 % hmotn. chemickej buničiny, 20 až 75 % hmotn. polyetylénu s nízkou mernou hmotnosťou a/alebo polyetylénu s vysokou mernou hmotnosťou, 0,05 až 15 % hmotn. polyetyléntereftalátu, 0,05 až 5 % hmotn. polyamidu, 0,05 až 5 % hmotn. polyacetalu, 0,05 až 5 % hmotn. polypropylénu, 0,05 až 40 % hmotn. drevovláknitého materiálu a do 5 % hmotn. prachových častíc komunálneho odpadu, vzniknutých pri jeho dezintegrácii, pričom tento komunálny odpad prešiel sitom s priemerom ôk 10 až 50 mm, pritom základná vrstva (1) je z každej strany vybavená krycou vrstvou (2) a aspoň jedna z krycích vrstiev (2) je z vonkajšej strany vybavená papierom (3).1. A structural board, formed mainly of municipal waste, characterized by the fact that it consists of a base layer (1) and two covering layers (2), while the base layer (1) contains compressed crumb of disintegrated, homogenized and compacted municipal waste, containing 5 to 65% wt. chemical pulp, 20 to 75 wt.% of polyethylene with a low specific weight and/or polyethylene with a high specific weight, 0.05 to 15 wt.% polyethylene terephthalate, 0.05 to 5 wt.% polyamide, 0.05 to 5 wt.% polyacetal, 0.05 to 5 wt.% polypropylene, 0.05 to 40 wt.% of wood fiber material and up to 5% wt. of dust particles of municipal waste, created during its disintegration, while this municipal waste passed through a sieve with a mesh diameter of 10 to 50 mm, while the base layer (1) is equipped on each side with a cover layer (2) and at least one of the cover layers (2) is equipped with paper from the outside (3). 2. Konštrukčná doska podľa nároku 1, vyznačujúca sa tým, že krycia vrstva (2) z polyetylénu s nízkou mernou hmotnosťou a/alebo polyetylénu s vysokou mernou hmotnosťou.2. Structural board according to claim 1, characterized in that the cover layer (2) is made of polyethylene with a low specific weight and/or polyethylene with a high specific weight. 3. Konštrukčná doska podľa nároku 1 alebo 2, v y z n a č u j ú c a s a t ý m , že základná vrstva (1) ďalej obsahuje antibakteriálne plnivo.3. Structural board according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the base layer (1) further contains an antibacterial filler. 4. Konštrukčná doska podľa niektorého z predchádzajúcich nárokov, v y z n a č u j ú c a s a t ý m , že základná vrstva (1) je proti vlhkosti a plesni vybavená z jednej strany alebo z oboch strán vodoodpudivou a/alebo antibakteriálnou impregnáciou.4. A structural board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base layer (1) is equipped with water-repellent and/or antibacterial impregnation on one or both sides against moisture and mold. 5. Konštrukčná doska podľa niektorého z predchádzajúcich nárokov, v y z n a č u j ú c a s a t ý m , že jej hrúbka je 6 až 25 mm.5. Structural board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its thickness is 6 to 25 mm. 6. Konštrukčná doska podľa niektorého z predchádzajúcich nárokov, v y z n a č u j ú c a s a t ý m , že je formátovaná na obdĺžnik dĺžky 500 až 5 000 mm a šírky 500 až 3 000 mm.6. Construction board according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that it is formatted into a rectangle with a length of 500 to 5,000 mm and a width of 500 to 3,000 mm. 7. Konštrukčná doska podľa niektorého z predchádzajúcich nárokov, v y z n a č u j ú c a s a t ý m , že jej hrany sú vybavené ochrannou vrstvou proti vlhkosti a/alebo plesni, tvorenou vodoodpudivou a/alebo antibakteriálnou impregnáciou.7. A structural board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its edges are equipped with a protective layer against moisture and/or mold formed by water-repellent and/or antibacterial impregnation. 8. Konštrukčná doska podľa niektorého z predchádzajúcich nárokov, vyznačujúca sa tým, že jej hrany sú vybavené ochrannou páskou (4).8. Construction board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its edges are equipped with protective tape (4). 9. Konštrukčná doska podľa niektorého z predchádzajúcich nárokov, vyznačujúca sa tým, že je vybavená z jednej alebo oboch strán do hĺbky až 5 mm priebežnými prelismi (5) a/alebo dlaždicovými prelismi (5).9. Structural board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is equipped on one or both sides with continuous moldings (5) and/or tile moldings (5) to a depth of up to 5 mm. 10. Konštrukčná doska podľa niektorého z predchádzajúcich nárokov, v y z n a č u j ú c a s a t ý m , že jej merná hmotnosť je 750 - 1 150 kg/m3.10. Structural board according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that its specific weight is 750 - 1,150 kg/m 3 .
SK50061-2022U 2021-09-23 2022-08-30 Structural board containing mainly of municipal waste SK9740Y1 (en)

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