SK279429B6 - Method of liquid's composition and properties determination - Google Patents
Method of liquid's composition and properties determination Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- SK279429B6 SK279429B6 SK3598-91A SK359891A SK279429B6 SK 279429 B6 SK279429 B6 SK 279429B6 SK 359891 A SK359891 A SK 359891A SK 279429 B6 SK279429 B6 SK 279429B6
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- Slovakia
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- mercury
- composition
- liquid
- properties
- measured
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims 2
- QAQSNXHKHKONNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-oxopyridine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CCN1C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(C)=CC1=O QAQSNXHKHKONNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003969 polarography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005501 phase interface Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003403 water pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Vynález sa týka spôsobu na kontinuálne stanovenie zloženia a vlastností kvapalín, najmä odpadových vôd, na základe merania parametrov kvapiek ortuti.The invention relates to a method for continuously determining the composition and properties of liquids, in particular waste water, by measuring the parameters of mercury droplets.
Doterajší stav technikyBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
V súčasnosti sa na stanovenie zloženia kvapalín používajú rozličné polarografícké metódy, podstatou ktoiých je meranie parametrov kvapiek ortuti odkvapkávajúcej z kapiláry, najčastejšie meranie závislosti faradaického prúdu if od koncentrácie. Pri raste kvapky ortuti, ako dôsledok zväčšovania jej povrchu v kvapalnom prostredí, vždy vzniká nabíjací prúd i„. V klasickej polarografii je tento prúd nežiaduci, pretože sa superponuje s faradaickým prúdom if na celkový prúd ic, pričom platí:At present various polarographic methods are used to determine the composition of liquids, which is based on the measurement of the parameters of mercury droplets dripping from the capillary, most often the measurement of the dependence of the faradic current i f on the concentration. When a drop of mercury grows as a result of its surface increasing in a liquid environment, a charging current is always produced. In classical polarography, this stream is undesirable because it is superimposed with the faradic stream i f to the total stream i c , with:
lc — lf t lnNakoľko pri analytických aplikáciách polarografických metód je dôležitá závislosť faradaického prúdu if, od koncentrácie, a nie závislosť celkového prúdu ic, ktorý je zaznamenávaný polarografom, vyvíja sa veľké úsilie na eliminovanie nabíjacieho prúdu in. Jeho meraniu a vyhodnocovaniu sa v súčasnosti nevenuje pozornosť, a preto nie sú známe a dostupné spôsoby na jeho meranie a vyhodnocovanie.I C - lf th n Since the polarographic methods of analysis applications, it is important dependent faradaic current i f, the concentration, and no dependence of the total current I C that is recorded polarography was developed to eliminate any charging current I n. Its measurement and evaluation is currently ignored and therefore there are no known and available ways to measure and evaluate it.
Podstata vynálezuSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Uvedenú problematiku rieši spôsob stanovenia zloženia a vlastností kvapalín, najmä odpadových vôd podľa vynálezu, ktorého podstatou je, že sa do vzorky meranej kvapaliny ponorí kapilára, z ktorej odkvapkáva ortuť na veľkoplošnú ortuťovú elektródu, pričom sa kontinuálne meria veľkosť nabíjacieho prúdu i„, čas τ života kvapky a z časovej závislosti nabíjacieho prúdu i„ = f(t) sa stanoví zloženie a vlastnosti kvapaliny, pričom sa meranie uskutočňuje pomocou kapiláry s dlhým časom života kvapky.A method for determining the composition and properties of liquids, in particular waste water according to the invention, consists in immersing a capillary into a sample of the liquid to be measured, from which mercury drips onto a large-area mercury electrode, continuously measuring the charge current i ", time τ The composition and properties of the liquid are determined and the measurement is performed by means of a capillary with a long lifetime of the drop.
Spôsob podľa vynálezu využíva skutočnosť, že z fyzikálno-chemického hľadiska časová závislosť i„ = f(t) reprezentuje vznikanie elektrickej dvojvrstvy na fázovom rozhraní ortuť-kvapalina v čase t a tým je nositeľom informácie o všetkých faktoroch, ktoré tento proces ovplyvňujú, t. j. predovšetkým zloženie a vlastnosti kvapaliny.The method according to the invention takes advantage of the fact that, from a physicochemical point of view, the time dependence i n = f (t) represents the formation of an electric bilayer at the mercury-liquid phase interface at time t and thus carries information about all factors influencing this process. j. especially the composition and properties of the liquid.
Výhodou spôsobu podľa vynálezu je, že jednoduchou cestou poskytuje informácie o zložení a vlastnostiach meranej kvapaliny. V prípade sledovania odpadových vôd tieto informácie sa môžu využiť na kontinuálne zisťovanie znečistenia alebo na jeho signalizáciu.An advantage of the method according to the invention is that it provides information on the composition and properties of the liquid to be measured in a simple way. In the case of waste water monitoring, this information may be used to continuously detect or signal pollution.
znázornená na obr. 1. Ako registračné zariadenie sa použil jednolíniový zapisovač. Ako vyplýva z obr. 1, možno získať kvantitatívne údaje o čase života ortuťovej kvapky τ, hodnote nabíjacieho prúdu (i„)max v maxime a priebehu nabíjacieho prúdu in počas tvorby ortuťovej kvapky i„ = f(t). Všetky tieto údaje sú zdrojom informácií o zložení a vlastnostiach sledovanej kvapaliny. Zistenie znečistenia, resp. zloženia sa zakladá na poznaní závislosti napr. času života ortuťovej kvapky od koncentrácie vodu znečisťujúcich látok. Na obr. 2, je znázornená takáto závislosť pre vodný roztok cetylpyridínium bromidu (CPBr). Ako vyplýva z obr. 2; citlivosť spôsobu je vysoká a umožňuje spoľahlivo rozlíšiť koncentrácie ΚΓ1 mol.drrí3 a 10'3 mol.dm'3 shown in FIG. 1. A single-line recorder was used as the recording device. As shown in FIG. 1, quantitative data on the mercury drop life time τ, the charge current value (i ") max at maximum and the charge current course i n during mercury drop formation i" = f (t) can be obtained. All these data are a source of information on the composition and properties of the liquid under investigation. Detection of contamination, resp. the composition is based on knowing the dependence e.g. mercury drop time from the concentration of water pollutants. In FIG. 2, such dependence is shown for an aqueous solution of cetylpyridinium bromide (CPBr). As shown in FIG. 2; the process sensitivity is high and allows to reliably distinguish concentrations of ΚΓ 1 mol.dr 3 and 10 ' 3 mol.dm 3
Signalizácia znečistenia vyžaduje registráciu závislosti in = f(t) v počítači. Signál o znečistení vznikne z porovnania hodnoty nameranej na kontrolovanej vode s referenčnou hodnotou τΓ. Ak sa zistí rozdiel (v prípade vodného roztoku CPBr - obr. 2 - sú tieto hodnoty napr. τ = 179 s a τΓ = 195 s), počítač vydá signál o znečistení alebo zistenú informáciu využije iným spôsobom.Pollution signaling requires registration of the dependence i n = f (t) in the computer. The pollution signal is generated by comparing the value measured on the controlled water with the reference value τ Γ . If a difference is found (in the case of an aqueous CPBr solution - Fig. 2 - these values are eg τ = 179 s τ Γ = 195 s), the computer gives a signal of contamination or uses the information found in another way.
Podobne sa môže postupovať pri využití časových závislostí (i„)max a i„Similarly, the time dependence of (i ") max and i"
Priemyselná využiteľnosťIndustrial usability
Vynález možno využiť najmä na kontinuálne zisťovanie zloženia a vlastností odpadových vôd a na okamžitú signalizáciu znečistenia.In particular, the invention can be used to continuously detect the composition and properties of wastewater and to promptly signal contamination.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS359891 | 1991-11-27 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SK359891A3 SK359891A3 (en) | 1994-02-02 |
| SK279429B6 true SK279429B6 (en) | 1998-11-04 |
Family
ID=27770583
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SK3598-91A SK279429B6 (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1991-11-27 | Method of liquid's composition and properties determination |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| SK (1) | SK279429B6 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012150031A1 (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2012-11-08 | Samuel Grega | Method for physically working and/or heating media, in particular liquids, and device for carrying out the method |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UA108714C2 (en) * | 2011-10-01 | 2015-05-25 | THE METHOD OF SNOW AND DEVICE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE METHOD |
-
1991
- 1991-11-27 SK SK3598-91A patent/SK279429B6/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012150031A1 (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2012-11-08 | Samuel Grega | Method for physically working and/or heating media, in particular liquids, and device for carrying out the method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SK359891A3 (en) | 1994-02-02 |
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