SK136999A3 - Method for the measurement of solar radiation availability and measuring apparatus for performing this method - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of measuring the availability of solar radiation, which is characterized by first determining the geographic coordinates of the measured location, then either the graph of the apparent path of the Sun in relation to that location is processed to the specified time, and then displayed on a transparent background or selected from the database. Then, using the meter, the line of the apparent path of the Sun is observed in relation to the measured point, and after the condition that the obstacles do not reach the line of the apparent path of the Sun, this condition is ignored because the obstacles do not obscure the measured point the line of the graph of the apparent path of the Sun, eventually after detecting that the obstacles are above this line, the knowledge is further used because the obstacles obscure the measured point. The measuring apparatus useful in the above embodiment is shown in the figure.

Description

A method of measuring the availability of sunlight and a measuring apparatus useful in practicing the method

Technical field

The invention relates to methods of measuring the availability of solar radiation for a specific location and solves the problem of increasing the measurement accuracy, simplicity and economic advantage in carrying out the measurement process of this kind, while also solving the problem of its technical security

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Recently, increased attention has been paid to the use of natural energy sources. One of these sources is solar energy. In addition to the natural direct effects of solar radiation, which are influencing biological processes in the living organism and natural ways of utilizing solar energy, such as its use in direct drying, heating, solar energy after transformation by various devices and utilities is used, for example, as heat and electricity . In these cases, it is an active use of solar energy.

The purposeful passive use of solar energy is mentioned in the case of its absorption and accumulation by objects and structural elements, which by their shape and material structure are capable of this process.

In general, it can be concluded that, given the significant reduction in stocks of traditional sources of energy such as coal oil, natural gas, the managed increase in solar energy use is becoming increasingly up-to-date in all areas of life. In this context, the science of solar energy and the sub-system aiming to ascertain the extent of solar energy at specific or fictional locations at a point in time or period are at the forefront. In principle, there are three types of astronomical time of sunshine, theoretical, which is the time possible at a given location, assuming a completely free, unshaded horizon and a completely clear cloudless sky, and effectively the astronomical time for a given

X a place shortened by the duration during which the sun is obscured by obstacles. The third sunshine time is the actual sunshine time measured by a Cambell-Stokes ball heliograph. The principle of operation of these devices is that during exposure to sunlight, a special paper material burns the record. The burnt-out sections of the recording are added together and the result is the actual duration of the sunshine. This data is informative and is valid for one measuring point. The percentages between sunny and cloudy days are evaluated statistically.

Given that construction is one of the sectors where the use of solar energy has extensive possibilities, whether in an active or passive way, the sector has introduced a system of normative rules for assessing overcrowding and building shading. For this purpose, the building industry uses the method of determining the glare of buildings using the graph of glare time and the method of determining the shading of buildings using the shading diagram. Both graphs are shown on a transparent background and show the apparent course of the Sun's orbit in the coordinate system or sky sky on selected days of the year. These solar diagrams are based on a representation of the mathematical function of the horizontal coordinates of the Sun depending on the time of day and time of year. To determine the angle of incidence and elevation angles of the sun's beam, a supplementary translucent nomogram is used and, in conjunction with the solar nomograph, it provides information on the direction and relative length of the shadow from variously high obstacles. Translucent diagrams determine the external solar irradiance of surfaces and the density of heat gain from solar radiation through the reference glazing.

Solar diagrams are formed rectangular, where the coordinates are the height of the Sun and the azimuth of the Sun and the polar, where the coordinates are the height of the Sun as the radiusvector and the azimuth as the polar angle. According to the method of projecting the hemispheres with the apparent paths of the Sun to the horizontal plane in the viewing direction, the solar diagrams are divided into orthographs, which show the orthographic projection of the oblique hemisphere with the apparent paths of the Sun to the horizontal plane in the viewing direction. Furthermore, stereographic, which depicts the central projection of the hemisphere with the apparent orbits of the Sun on a horizontal plane at the assessment point with the center of the projection at the nadir point, as well as the cotanges from

The solar diagrams show the radius of the circle for the height of the Sun and the central projection of the hemisphere with the apparent orbits of the Sun to a horizontal plane at a unit height above the assessment point in the polar coordinate system.

For simple cases, the glare chart is sufficient to assess the sufficient glare and glare of the rooms in relation to the orientation to the cardinal points and the distance of the obstruction obstructions. The glare is calculated for critical dates of 1 March and 21 June at a minimum height of the Sun above the horizon of 5 °, with at least 25 ° deflection of the incident rays from the facade and with an insollation time of at least 1.5 hours.

In more complicated cases, it is expedient to determine the time course of glare over a longer period. Usually, solar diagrams are used in which the projections of the apparent solar paths during the year and the contours of the shielding obstacles are drawn. At a time when obstacles overlap the solar paths, the assessed point is overshadowed.

The shading diagrams show plan projections of the rays of the sun reaching the assessed site at half-hour intervals and a set of numbered curves. These curves are plan views of the horizontal curves which, during the day of shading, the point to be assessed and their numbering correspond to the appropriate number of scale divisions below the diagrams.

A certain problem with these methods is the correct estimation, respectively. measuring the height of screening obstacles. This is usually done by multiplying the size of the repeating elements. It is also difficult to determine the height difference in the position of the shielded and shielded body. Correct determination of these values is only possible with the use of geodetic aids, which is economically disadvantageous due to the time and capacity requirements. It is difficult and practically impossible to determine the shadow cast by irregular objects such as trees, more complex antennas, etc.

The application of computer technology was a progress in determining the shading time of objects. CAD software products are able to process data using known mathematical relationships and practically simulate the conditions under which objects are shadowed. The problem with this method is the risk of inaccuracies in relation to reality.

In connection with the graphs of the apparent orbit of the Sun, it should be noted that there are more mathematical calculations for their construction. The disadvantage of known calculation methods is the reserve in the accuracy of the calculation and their dependence on the permeability of the year.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems by measuring the availability of the solar radiation, which is based on the fact that the geographical coordinates of the measured point t are first determined. j. latitude and longitude from, for example, a cadastral map, using a satellite sight. Subsequently, using a computer, a graph of the apparent solar path in relation to the measured location is plotted as a function of the height of the Sun and the azimuth of the Sun with the horizontal coordinate of the topocentric mathematical coordinate system centered at the measured location. equatorial coordinates of this coordinate system. The graph then appears on a transparent background. A graph of the apparent solar path can be made using a database. In addition, a measuring instrument is prepared to measure the availability of solar radiation in real conditions, whether arranged in or outside the measured location, and is provided with a graph of the apparent solar path. Using the measuring instrument, the line is followed by the line of the Sun's apparent trajectory in relation to the site being measured, and after finding that the obstructions do not reach the line of the apparent Sun's trajectory, this condition is ignored because the obstructions do not obscure the measured location. the paths of the sun, or finding out that the obstacles are above this line, is a recognition that these obstacles obscure the measured location. The knowledge is used as a detected state or for determining the time value related to the shading of the measured place by subtracting its value from the horizontal axis of the rectangular coordinate system of the apparent solar path. The knowledge can also be used to determine the duration of shading by subtracting it from the horizontal axis of the rectangular coordinate system of the Sun's apparent orbit or to calculate the exposure of sunlight to a measured location per unit of time, based on data on the horizontal axis of the rectangular coordinate system. the total shading time measured per unit of time and the result is subtracted from the duration of insollation for the same unit of time.

The mathematical relationship for calculating the declination δ expressed by the formula also belongs to the principle of measuring the availability of solar radiation, which is the subject of protection.

S = X (- /,. Cos

Á = 0 where:

2.π .kJ _Lf , 365, 2422

B _k .sin

2.nkJ _Kl , 365, 2422 '

Jer - serial number of the day according to ephemeris calendar

If, Bk - constants

to if bk 0 -0, 376844 0.0 I 23.0224 3.030996 0.376798 0.0202648 3 0.156487 0.0671917 4 0.0037134 0.0405296 5 0.00240423 0.000543282 6 0.00308411 0,001 15843 7 -0.00644446 - 0,00209307

To calculate the clock angle t determined from the south, the procedure t = 15 ° (H-12) (°) where

H = true solar time, which is converted to Central European Time according to formula 4 (^ - 15 °)

H = CET + - -η (hr, ⁰ )

60 ° where η stands for time correction, deviation, time equation (hours) and is calculated according to the formula

Σζ Λ / * * (A, .cos-—

365.2425

365,2425 where:

JeT

At, Bk to 0 1 2

7

- the serial number of the day according to the ephemeris calendar

- constants

if

0.01786569

-0.57147517

3.14090261

0.10028382

0.06535198

0,064341 12

-0.09150529

0.02076766

B _k

0.00

7.37546916 9.36569358 0.36444269 0.14026852 0.04191150 0.00062470 -0.07163574

CET means Central European Time λ z means longitude (°)

H in summer time is H _w -1 hours.

The advantage of the method that is subject to protection is that it allows to create conditions for measuring the availability of solar radiation at a location arranged above the measured site. In this case, the measuring instrument is prepared by moving it from the measured point in the north direction by the distance expressed in relation

V tgz ₂ where I is the displacement distance of the measuring instrument V is the height of the measured point above the measuring point z ₂ is the height of the Sun in degrees

For sloping terrain, the length of displacement is expressed in relation

The AV-tgz ₂ where I is the distance displacement measuring instrument at the height of the measuring point measured over the place and the height distance between the measuring point and the measured point ₂ of the height of the sun (°)

The availability of solar radiation at a point above the measured point can also be measured by keeping the meter in position and tilting the horizontal plane of the device in the north-south axis by an angle expressed by

V χ = arctg ------------- h cosAp where χ is the tilting angle of the horizontal plane of the instrument in the north-south axis v is the height of solar radiation availability above the measured location h is the distance of the obstruction obstacle from the measured location A _P is the azimuth of the obstacle

A part of the invention is an apparatus enabling to follow the line of the graph of the apparent path of the Sun and obstacles in measuring the availability of solar radiation at the measured location, under actual conditions. It is based on the fact that it consists of a carrier which is adjustable in relation to the horizontal as well as the vertical plane. This provides transparency and is either adapted to receive or attach or attach a transparent substrate with a chart of the apparent path of the Sun, or include a deposited, attached, or attached transparent substrate with a chart of the apparent path of the Sun. The measuring apparatus further comprises an optical instrument enabling simultaneously to trace the graph line along a constant distance and obstructions, in terms of measuring the insollation of the measured location associated with that location. It also includes a tripod on which the carrier is mounted.

The apparatus is equipped with a horizontal positioning aid, an apparatus for determining cardinal points and a positioning mechanism for adjusting the carrier. The measuring instrument may comprise a device for measuring its inclination. The position-adjustable carrier comprises a positioning mechanism provided with a planar surface on which a planar or curved, preferably cylindrical wall of transparent material is supported, a horizontal plane position detection aid, and an apparatus for determining cardinal points. The attachment of the optical instrument to the measuring instrument is movable. In practice, it is preferred that the transparent substrate is a plastic film.

Compared to the existing state, the method of measuring the availability of solar radiation according to the invention and the instrument useful in its application, ensure accurate measurement of shading in real conditions and create the prerequisites for almost instantaneous assessment of the condition relative to the measured location or condition for a defined period regardless of the weather . The method provides the possibility of simple construction of the measuring instrument, which is positively reflected in the cost of procurement and handling, due to the acceleration of the process, ease of handling and the need for lower qualifications of the operator.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The principles of the method of measuring the availability of solar radiation and a measuring instrument useful in the application of this method are shown in the figures. A very simplified starting principle for the method of measuring the availability of solar radiation is shown in FIG. 1. By means of Fig. 2, the procedure for measuring the shading above the measured point in the arrangement of the meter on a horizontal surface and in Fig. 1 is explained. 3 shows the same measurement procedure in sloping terrain. Fig. 4 is a graphical and axonometric representation of the principle of measuring the availability of solar radiation at a point located above the measured site by tilting the measuring instrument.

Fig. 5 is a side view, FIG. 6 is a front view and FIG. 7 is a plan view of an apparatus for following a line of a graph of the apparent path of the sun and obstructions associated with the shading of the measured location.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The method of measuring the availability of sunlight, which is the subject of protection, is based on scientific knowledge of spherical astronomy, which examines the patterns of changes in the mutual position of the celestial bodies and the Sun. Due to the movement of the Earth, the Sun describes an apparent orbit in the sky, parallel to the equator. In order to mathematically model this event, it is necessary to introduce a topocentric mathematical coordinate system centered at the point of observation on the Earth's surface. In this way, it is also possible to define the relative position of the Sun and the Earth in individual selected periods or directly at a certain time. When solving the insolutions, the angular coordinates of the Sun on the orbital sphere are used, defined with respect to two basic planes, namely the horizontal coordinates - the height of the Sun and the azimuth of the Sun and the equatorial coordinates - the declination of the Sun and the angle of the Sun. The calculation of the apparent position of the Sun in the sky is based on the geographical position of the respective place on the globe, the Earth's rotation in time and the relative position of the Sun and the Earth in space. The location of a place on the Earth is determined by its latitude ψ and its longitude λ. The relative position of the Sun and the place on the Earth is determined by the declination δ, i. by varying the inclination of the northern Earth's axis relative to the Sun.

The method according to the invention is characterized in that the latitude and longitude values of the measured point 10 are first determined using data in a cadastral or other map, possibly using a satellite sight. Then, for a particular time stamp, for example a particular day, and the geographic coordinates of the measured location 10, a graph 2.1 of the apparent path of the Sun in relation to that location is processed as a dependence of the height of the Sun. and the azimuth of the Sun 11 with the values at the horizontal coordinate of the topocentric mathematical coordinate system centered at the measured location 10 and the declination of the Sun 11 and the hour angle of the Sun H with the values on the equator of this coordinate system. The declination δ of Sun H is calculated using the following mathematical formula «>

s = Σ (-Λ-cos * = 0)

2.7Γ .k, J fff, · 365, 2422 .tz * .k .d ρρ '365, 2422 where:

Jef If, Br - the serial number of the day according to the ephemeris calendar - constants to if bk 0 -0.376844 0.0 I 23, 0224 3.030996 0.376798 0.0202648 3 0.156487 0.0671917 4 0.0037134 0.0405296 5 0.00240423 0.000543282 6 0,0030841 1 0,001 15843 7 -0.00644446 - 0,00209307

and to calculate the clock angle t determined from the south, use the procedure t = 15 ° (H-12) (°) where

H = true solar time, converted to Central European Time according to formula 4 (λζ-15 °)

H = CET + ---- η (hrs, °)

60 ° where η stands for time correction, deviation, time equation (hours) and is calculated according to the formula = Σ (Λ

Ar-O

COS

EF

365.2425

D · 2 JT. «/ Ef

Zt.sm--

365,2425 where:

Jer - serial number of the day according to ephemeris calendar

A _k , B _k - constants

to if B _k 0 0.01786569 0.00 1 -0.57147517 7.37546916 2 3.14090261 9.36569358 3 0.10028382 0.36444269 4 0.06535198 0.14026852 5 0.06434112 0.04191150 6 -0.09150529 0.00062470 7 0.02076766 -0.07163574

CET means Central European Time λζ means longitude (°)

H in summer time is H _M -1 hours.

Graph 2.1 is processed and made using computer technology and displayed on a transparent substrate 2. Plastic film is preferred. Multiple separate graphs 2.1 of the apparent path of the Sun 11, each showing the apparent path of the Sun 11 on a different day, may also be displayed on a single sheet. Also one graph 2.1 can be processed, consisting of partial graphs for certain days of the month or year. At present, technical prerequisites for creating and storing a database of graphs are possible and created.

After drawing the graph 2.1 of the apparent path of the Sun 11, a measuring instrument 12 is prepared for measurement under actual conditions and equipped with this graph 2.1. Subsequently, using the measuring instrument 12, the line of the graph 2.1 of the apparent path of the Sun H relative to the measured location 10 is monitored and after detecting that the obstacles 13 do not reach the line of the graph 2.1 of the apparent path of the Sun H. After detecting that the obstacles 13 exceed the line of graph 2.1 of the apparent path of the Sun 11. or after detecting that the obstacles 13 are above this line, the knowledge is further utilized because the obstacles 13 obscure the measured location 10.

The measuring instrument 12 is prepared for measurement in actual conditions by arranging it in the space of the measuring point 10 and measuring it at that location (as shown in Fig. 1) or arranging it at the measuring site 10, measuring at this location and after when it is terminated, the measuring instrument 12 is shifted in the north direction if the availability of solar radiation is measured also over the measured location 10 (the situation is shown in Fig. 2) by the distance expressed by

V | = --------- tgz ₂ where I is the distance of movement of the measuring instrument

V is the height of the measured point above the measured point of ₂ is the height of the Sun in degrees

Said method of preparation of the measuring device 12 is realized if the ground terrain is plane. The measurement of the availability of solar radiation at the measured location 10 and above it when the underlying terrain is sloping is shown in FIG. Third

In this case, after completion of the measurement at the measured location 10, the measuring instrument 12 is moved from the measured location 10 northwards by the length expressed in relation to the slope terrain

V-AV 1 = --------- tgz ₂ where I is the distance of movement of the measuring instrument

V is the height of the measured point above the measured point

AV is the height distance between the measured point and the measured point of ₂ is the height of the Sun (°)

The availability of solar radiation at and above the measured location 10 can only be measured from the measured location 10. Then, the meter is placed at the measured location 10, and the availability of the solar radiation at this location and the h - v tg'z ₂ = - ----- The solar radiation above the measured point 10 is measured by tilting the horizontal plane of the instrument in the north-south axis by an angle χ. The formula for calculating this angle is derived using FIG. 4 following h

tg'zi = -li

I cos Ap = - it follows that I = h. cos A _P hh - t _gzl = - tgz ₂ --- II hh - in tgz - tgz ₂ = ........—

II li. cos A _P χ = z, - of ₂ in

χ = arctg ------------ h .cosAp where χ is the tilting angle of the horizontal plane of the instrument in the north-south axis v is the height of solar radiation availability above the measured location h is the distance of the obstructing obstacle from the measured location A _P is the azimuth of the obstacle

Shading point 10 is used as an observation state or for determining a timing or for determining the duration associated with shading point 10 by subtracting its value from the horizontal axis of the rectangular coordinate system of graph 2.1 of the apparent path of the Sun 11. 10 can be used to calculate the effect of sunlight on the measured location 10 per time unit, based on the data on the horizontal axis of the rectangular coordinate system, the total shading time of the measured location 10 per time unit is first determined and subtracted from the sunshine duration for the same unit of time.

Following the line of the graph 2.1 of the apparent path of the Sun H and the obstructions 13 associated with the screening, in actual conditions, can be measured with a measuring device 12, which consists of a positionable carrier 1 relative to the horizontal as well as vertical plane. It consists of a positioning mechanism 1.1 equipped with a flat surface 1.1.1. which is formed on the top plate 1.1.2. A bottom plate 1.1.3 is arranged below this plate. Between the top plate 1.1,2 and the bottom plate 1.1.3, an adjustment mechanism 1.1.4 is installed, for example rectification deeds, the function of which is to define the relative position between these plates. From a constructional point of view, it is practical if the lower plate 1.1,3 and the upper plate 1.1.2 are circular. On the flat surface 1.1.1 of the upper plate 1.1,2, a flat or curved wall 12 of transparent material, e.g. made of plexiglass. For a narrow measuring range, a planar wall (not shown) is suitable in the figures. In practice, a wider measurement range is better applied. A curved wall is preferred for this. In practical terms, the cylindrical wall of the hollow cylinder 1.2.1, in particular its inner surface, is best placed to use. This wall, alone or together with the top plate 112, is adapted to receive or attach or attach a transparent substrate 2 with a graph 2.1 of the apparent path of the Sun 11 The placement of the transparent substrate 2 can be designed such that the substrate is embedded in a groove following the wall of the cylinder 1.2.1. pressed against this wall by means of a molding. For reasons of strength, wear resistance and flexibility, it is appropriate to use a plastic film as a material for the transparent substrate 2 with graph 2.1 of the apparent path of the Sun. The transparent substrate 2 itself with the graph 2.1 of the apparent path of the Sun may be part of the delivery of the device or be created by the user.

In order to detect the horizontal position of the planar surface 111, a surface 6 is provided, for example, with three spirit levels, and an instrument 7, such as a compass, is used to determine the cardinal points.

The apparatus for measuring the availability of solar radiation further comprises an optical device 3 which makes it possible to simultaneously trace the line of the graph 2.1 of the apparent path of the Sun 11 over the entire length by a constant distance and an obstacle 13 in terms of measuring the shading of the measured location 10 associated with that location. For example, a crosshair sight may be used. From a constructional and functional point of view it is practical if the optical device 3 is hinged on an arm 14 rotatable about a vertical axis of the measuring device 12 and arranged below the bottom plate 1.1.3 and the focus of the optic is at the level of the sun azimuth marking 11 0 ° in graph 2.1 of apparent travel Slnka 11 ..

The measuring device includes a tripod 5 on which the carrier 4 is mounted. Its retractable legs 4.1 allow coarse adjustment of the position of the device. For the measurement, respectively. by controlling the inclination of the measuring device 12, it is possible to use the inclination measuring device 9, for example a protractor.

The use of the measuring instrument 12 in measuring the availability of solar radiation consists in placing the instrument in the space of the measured location 10 and a preformed graph 2.1 of the apparent path of the Sun 11 on the substrate 2 is deposited on the carrier 4 for example by pressing against the transparent wall 1.2. hollow cylinder 1.2.1. The upper plate 1.1.2 of the positioning mechanism 1.2 is set to a horizontal position using a tripod 5, a horizontal positioning aid 6 and an adjusting mechanism 1,1,4 and a marking marked JUH (azimuth Sun H = 0) formed on a flat surface 1.1. 1 is directed using an apparatus 7 for determining the cardinal directions to the south. The measuring device 12 thus set up is ready for measurement. The measurement itself is then carried out by rotating the arm 14 about the vertical axis of the measuring instrument 12 and monitoring the azimuth of the Sun 11 by means of the optical instrument 3. By moving the optical apparatus 3 about the horizontal axis, the optical focus 3 of the optical apparatus 3 is adjusted to the level of the graph 2.1 of the apparent path of the Sun 11. Through the vertical axis of the measuring instrument 3 and country and results are evaluated as described above.

The embodiment of the measuring instrument described above is only one of the possibilities of its construction. The principle of the device provides space for several specific solutions implemented according to economic and technical conditions in a specific time period.

Industrial usability

The method for measuring the availability of sunlight and the measuring device usable in its implementation is useful especially in the building industry and other related fields, because it allows to determine exactly the exposure time of sunlight indoors and measure the availability of sunlight, which is an important input parameter for assessing sanitary criteria of individual rooms buildings, family houses, etc., as well as for the use of solar energy to create the thermal comfort of the indoor environment. It is of great importance in determining and finding a suitable location for the location of solar collectors, in determining the most appropriate disposition of objects, in designing sunsets, etc. It can also be used in agriculture to select the location of seed and seed on production areas, as well as in horticulture when designing gardening arrangements.

Claims (13)

Patent claims 1.) A method of measuring the availability of solar radiation, characterized in that the geographic coordinates of the measured point (10) are first determined, then a graph (2.1) of the apparent path of the Sun (11) in relation to that point is processed as a height The sun (11) and the azimuth of the sun (11) with the values on the horizontal coordinate of the topocentric mathematical coordinate system centered at the measured point (10) and the Sun and the hour angle declination with the values on the equatorial coordinate of this coordinate system a transparent substrate (2) or selected from a database, prepared for measuring under real conditions a measuring device (12) and equipped with a graph of the apparent path of the Sun (11), followed by using the measuring device (12) to follow the graph line (2.1) ) of the apparent path of the Sun (11) in relation to the measured location (10) and after finding that the obstacles (13) do not reach the line of the graph (2.1) This condition is ignored because the obstacles (13) do not obscure the measured location (10) and when the condition is detected, the obstacles (13) exceed the line of the graph (2.1) of the apparent solar path (11) or the obstacles (13) are above this line, the knowledge is further utilized since the obstacles (13) obscure the measured location (10). Measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that the formula s = Σ (Λ-cos) is used to calculate the declination δ A.- = U where: Jer If, B _k 2.KkJ _E1 365.2422 ⁺ 2? _Ä .sin 2.xkJ _El 365, 2422 - serial number of the day according to the ephemeris calendar - constants to if B _k 0 -0, 376844 0.0 1 23.0224 3.030996 0.376798 0.0202648 3 0.156487 0.0671917 4 0.0037134 0.0405296 5 0.00240423 0.000543282 6 0,0030841 1 0,001 15843 7 -0.00644446 - 0,00209307 and to calculate the clock angle t determined from the south, use the procedure t = 15 ° (H-12) (°) where H = true solar time, converted to Central European Time according to formula 4 (^ - 15 °) H = CET + - - η (hrs, °) 60 ° where η stands for time correction, deviation, time equation (hours) and is calculated according to the formula σ = Σ (Λ k = 0 cos 2.π. J EF 365,2425 sin 2ji .J £ p · 365.2425 'where: Jef If, Br - serial number of the day according to the ephemeris calendar - constants to Au Bu 0 0.01786569 0.00 l -0.57147517 7.37546916 2 3.14090261 9.36569358 3 0.10028382 0.36444269 4 0.06535198 0.14026852 5 0.06434112 0.04191150 6 -0.09150529 0.00062470 7 0.02076766 -0.07163574 CET means Central European Time λ _z means longitude (°) H in summer time is H _M -1 hours. Measurement method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the measuring device (12) is prepared for measurement by arranging it in and / or outside the area of the measuring point (10). Measurement method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the availability of solar radiation is measured above the measured point (10), wherein the measuring device (12) is prepared by moving it from the measured point northwards by the distance expressed by V tgz ₂ where I is the displacement distance of the measuring instrument V is the height of the measured point above the measuring point z ₂ is the height of the Sun in degrees Measurement method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the availability of solar radiation is measured above the measured point (10), wherein the measuring device (12) is prepared by moving it from the measured point (10) northwards by a length expressed by slope terrain. The AV-tgz ₂ where I is the distance displacement measuring instrument at the height of the measuring point measured over the place and height is the distance between the measuring point and the measured point ₂ of the height of the sun (°) Measurement method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the availability of solar radiation is measured above the measured point (10), wherein the measuring device (12) is prepared by placing it at the measured point and tilts the horizontal plane of the device (12) in the north axis. - south by angle expressed in relation V χ = arctg ------------ h .cosAp where χ is the tilting angle of the horizontal plane of the instrument in the north-south axis v is the height of solar radiation availability above the measured location h is the distance of the obstruction obstacle from the measured location A _P is the azimuth of the obstacle Measurement method according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the knowledge of the shading of the measured location (10) is used as a detected state or for determining a time value related to the shading of the measured location (10) by subtracting its value from the horizontal axis of the graph. (2.1) the apparent path of the Sun (11). Measurement method according to claims 1 to 6 and / or 1 to 7, characterized in that the knowledge of the screening of the measured point (10) is used to determine the duration of the screening by subtracting it from the horizontal axis of the rectangular coordinate system of the graph (2.1). ) the apparent path of the Sun (11). ¹ 9) The method of measuring according to claims 1-6 and / or 1-7 and / or 1až8, characterized _in ignating ears in that masking effects, knowledge of the measuring point (10) is used in the calculation of the action of sunlight on the measuring point (10) to the total unit shading time of the measured point (10) per time unit is determined first, and the result is subtracted from the duration of exposure to sunlight for the same time unit. 10. A measuring device useful in carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a positionable carrier (I) in relation to the horizontal as well as the vertical plane, which ensures transparency and is either adapted to receive or attach or attaching a transparent substrate (2) with at least one graph (2.1) of the apparent path of the Sun (11) or comprising a stored, attached or attached transparent substrate (2) with at least a graph (2.1) of the apparent path of the Sun (II), further comprising an optical a device (3) for simultaneously monitoring the line of the graph (2.1) along a constant distance and an obstacle (13), in terms of measuring the availability of sunlight in relation to the measured location (10) and the tripod (5) on which the carrier is (1) stowed, further equipped with a horizontal positioning aid (6), cardinals (7) and a positioning mechanism (8) for adjusting the carrier (1). Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the positionable carrier (1) comprises a positioning mechanism (1.1) provided with a planar surface (1.1.1) on which a planar or curved, preferably cylindrical wall (1.2) of transparent glass is mounted. a device (7) for determining the horizontal position of the planar surface (1.1.1) and an apparatus (7) for determining cardinal points, the attachment of the optical device (3) to the measuring device (12) being movable. Apparatus according to claims 10 and 11, characterized in that it comprises an inclination measuring device (9). Apparatus according to claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the transparent substrate (2) is a plastic film.