SI8310116A8 - Device and process for treating molten metal - Google Patents
Device and process for treating molten metal Download PDFInfo
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- SI8310116A8 SI8310116A8 SI8310116A SI8310116A SI8310116A8 SI 8310116 A8 SI8310116 A8 SI 8310116A8 SI 8310116 A SI8310116 A SI 8310116A SI 8310116 A SI8310116 A SI 8310116A SI 8310116 A8 SI8310116 A8 SI 8310116A8
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- additive
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- molten metal
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 77
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 sparks Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000723 Meehanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009851 ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Description
THE INTERNATIONAL MEEHANITE METAL ΟΟΜΡΑΝΥ LIMITEDTHE INTERNATIONAL MEEHANITE METAL ΟΟΜΡΑΝΥ LIMITED
UREDJAJI PROCES ZA OBRADUISTOPLJENOGE METALAAPPLIANCES A PROCESS FOR TREATED METAL PROCESSING
Oblast tehnike iz koje je pronalazakFIELD OF THE INVENTION
Pronalazak je iz oblasti črne metalurgije, a posebno proizvodnje i obrade livenog gvoždja.The invention is in the field of ferrous metallurgy, and in particular the production and processing of cast iron.
Definisani tehnički problemDefined technical problem
Potrebno je ostvariti proces obrade livenog gvoždja za dobijanje grafita u vidu zrna, ili kuglica, a kod koga se neče javljati velike količine dima, vamica, prskanje metala i slično, i koji če obezbediti duži vek trajanja postrojenja u kojemu se taj proces odvija.It is necessary to carry out a process of processing cast iron for the production of graphite in the form of grains or balls, which will not show large quantities of smoke, cakes, spraying of metals and the like, and which will provide a longer lifetime of the plant in which this process takes place.
Stanje tehnikeThe state of the art
Ovaj se pronalazak odnosi na uredjaj i na proces za obradu istopljenog metala, a posebno za proizvodnju livenog gvoždja.The present invention relates to an apparatus and process for the treatment of molten metal, and in particular for the production of cast iron.
Postupci za proizvodnju livenog gvoždja sa grafitom u vidu kuglica (ili sferoidnim grafitom) ili grafitom u drugom nekom obliku osim u ljuskama, normalno obuhvata obradu livenog gvoždja u tečnom stanju sa pogodnim sredstvima za obrazovanje sferoidnog grafita kao što su Mg, Ca, Na, Li, Sr, Ba, Ce, Di, La, Yt i njihova jedinjenja, mešavine i legure.Methods for producing cast iron with bead (or spheroidal graphite) graphite or graphite in a form other than shell, normally involves the treatment of liquid iron with liquid form with suitable spheroidal graphite forming agents such as Mg, Ca, Na, Li , Sr, Ba, Ce, Di, La, Yt and their compounds, mixtures and alloys.
Ostvareni su brojni procesi za unošenje ovih materija u liveno gvoždje, bilo njihovim neposrednim unošenjem u livački lonac, bilo primenom posebne i složenije opreme.Numerous processes have been implemented for the introduction of these materials into cast iron, either by direct insertion into a casting pot or by the use of special and more complex equipment.
Široko primenjeni postupak je da se sredstvo za obrazovanje sferoidnog grafita stavi na dno bvačkog lonca, posle čega se na njega izlije rastopljeni metal.A widely used method is to place a spheroid graphite agent on the bottom of a casting pot, after which molten metal is poured onto it.
Kod tog postupka sredstvo za obrazovanje sferoidnog grafita može biti prekriveno čeličnim otpacima ili inertnim materijalom.In this process, the spheroid graphite formation agent may be coated with steel scrap or inert material.
Drugi postupci koriste gasno agitiranje a neki se zasnivaju na potapanju pomenutih sredstava ispod površine metala.Other methods use gas agitation and some are based on submerging said agents below the metal surface.
Svi ovi procesi trpe izvesna ograničenja, jer je u nekim slučajevima pouzdanost obrade mala, a dolazi i do pojave prevelike količine dima, varničenja, eksplozija gasa i prskanja metala, što je posledica burne reakcije izmedju metala i sredstava za obrazovanje sferoidnog grafita.All of these processes suffer from certain limitations, because in some cases the reliability of processing is low, and too much smoke, sparks, gas explosions, and metal splashing occur as a result of a violent reaction between metals and spheroidal graphite agents.
Drugi poznati postupak obuhvata unošenje aditiva za reagovanje u stmju metala koja treba da se obradi. Takav jedan postupak je opisan u britanskom patentnom spisu br. 1,076,456 kao naročito pogodan za unošenje materijala za legiranje u rastopljeni Čelik. Uredjaj opisan u pomenutom patentnom spisu obuhvata jednu komoru za obradu u koju se materijal za legiranje uvodi kroz jedan otvor istovremeno sa strujom rastopljenog metala koja se uvodi kroz drugi otvor. Jedan zatvarač sa kanalima postavljen je na dnu komore za obradu kako bi se obezbedilo sakupljanje rastopljenog metala sa materijalom za legiranje. Obradjeni rastopljeni metal se kroz kanale u zatvaraču odvodi u jedan sabirni lonac. Funkcija komore za obradu, opisane u patentnom spisu br. 1,076,456 nije da drži aditive, več da regubše struju metala kako bi omogučila ubacivanje aditiva u tu struju. Uredjaj sadrži složene elemente za posebno uvodjenje materijala za legiranje i za prečiščavanje i ispiranje uredjaja pre upotrebe. Medjutim, dim i eksplozije gasova, povezani sa unošenjem materijala za legiranje u struju nisu izbegnuti, a što je potvrdjeno postavljanjem opreme za odvod dima.Another known method involves the insertion of a reacting additive into the metal of the metal to be treated. Such a process is described in British patent file no. No. 1,076,456 particularly suitable for the introduction of alloying materials into molten Steel. The apparatus described in said patent file comprises a processing chamber into which the alloying material is introduced through one opening at the same time as a stream of molten metal introduced through the second opening. One duct closure was installed at the bottom of the treatment chamber to allow the collection of molten metal with alloying material. The treated molten metal is discharged through the ducts into a collecting pot. The function of the treatment chamber described in patent file no. 1,076,456 is not to hold additives, but to regress the current of the metal to allow the additive to be inserted into that current. The unit contains complex elements for the special introduction of alloying materials and for purifying and flushing the unit before use. However, smoke and gas explosions associated with the introduction of alloying materials into the electricity have not been avoided, as evidenced by the installation of smoke extraction equipment.
Prethodna evropska patentna prijava br. 79302553.7 (objavljena pod br. 0011478) od istog prijavioca, opisuje i traži zaštitu za uredjaj za obradu koji se ugradjuje u, ib iznad livačkog lonca, pri čemu taj uredjaj sadrži izbvnik koji se izbva neposredno ib posredno u sud u kojemu je držan čvrst aditiv, a koji ima odgovarajuci poklopac, a u svom donjem delu i/ib spoljnim zidovima ima veči broj otvora za prolaz rastopljenog metala. Uredjaj takodje sadrži elemente za ograničavanje dodira rastopljenog metala koji se obradjuje na atmosfera koja se bira iz pokrivača bvačkog lonca, kao i levak u koji se smešta sud. Ovim su uredjajem rešeni neki od problema koji su se javljab kod ranije poznatih uredjaja ove vrste, ali je utvrdjeno da je broj obrada koje se mogu izvesti sa jednim sudom ograničen i da je vek trajanja suda relativno kratak zbog otkaza vatrostalnog materijala.Previous European patent application no. 79302553.7 (published under No. 0011478) by the same applicant, describes and seeks protection for a treatment device to be installed in, ib above the casting pot, the device comprising a projection which extends directly ib indirectly into a vessel in which the solid additive is held , which has a suitable cover, and in its lower part and / ib outer walls has a larger number of openings for passage of molten metal. The apparatus also includes elements for limiting the contact of molten metal that is processed to the atmosphere selected from the lid of the casting pot, as well as the funnel into which the vessel is housed. This device solves some of the problems encountered with previously known devices of this type, but found that the number of treatments that can be performed with a single vessel is limited and that the life of the vessel is relatively short due to the failure of refractory material.
Zbog toga se pokušalo da se na minimum svedu problemi kot tih raznih poznatih rešenja.Therefore, an attempt was made to minimize problems such as these various known solutions.
Opis rešenja tehničkog problema sa primerima izvodjenja i sa popisom i kratkim opisom slika načrtaDescription of a solution to a technical problem with examples of execution and a list and brief description of the design drawings
Postavljeni cilj je rešen prikazanim pronalaskom kojim je ostvaren uredjaj za obradu koji je pogodan za držanje aditiva za reakciju pre i za vreme procesa obrade metala, a koji se može pogodno postaviti tako da omogučuje odvodjenje metala koji se obradjuje u livački lonac.The stated goal is solved by the present invention, which provides a processing device that is suitable for holding the reaction additives before and during the metalworking process, and which can be conveniently set to allow removal of the metal being processed into the casting pot.
Prema torne, prikazani pronalazak ostvaruje uredjaj za obradu koji sadrži jedan izhvnik koji se prazni, neposredno ili posredno, u sud sa aditivom, koji ima jedan otvor kod gomjeg kraja njegovih spoljnih zidova, a po želji jedan ih više otvora u njegovim spoljnim zidovima, kako bi se omogučio prolaz rastopljenog metala, a koji je smešten u jednom pokrivenom omotaču, ili levku, radi sprečavanja dodira rastopljenog metala koji se obradjuje sa atmosferom.According to the invention, the present invention realizes a processing device comprising one source which is emptied, directly or indirectly, into a container with an additive having one opening at the bulging end of its outer walls, and optionally more openings in its outer walls, would allow the passage of molten metal, which is housed in a single covered sheath, or funnel, to prevent the molten metal being treated with the atmosphere.
Uredjaj za obradu prema pronalasku može da se postavi u, ih iznad livačkog lonca.The treatment device of the invention can be placed in, above the casting pot.
Pogodno je da se izlivnik prazni neposredno u sud sa aditivom i da bude stegnut, ih na neki drugi način pričvrščen, za omotač ili levak pomoču zaptivke neprepusne za vazduh. U tu se svrhu može koristiti zaptivka od azbesta. Izlivnik može biti postavljen središnje iznad suda sa aditivom, a može biti, ako je funkcionalno pogodnije, i pomeren ustranu.It is advantageous for the spout to be emptied directly into the container with the additive and to be clamped, otherwise attached, to the sheath or funnel by means of an airtight seal. An asbestos seal can be used for this purpose. The spout may be positioned centrally above the container with the additive, and may, if functionally more convenient, be displaced laterally.
Sud sa aditivom može imati bilo koji pogodan oblik, kružni ili pravougaoni, a izveden je sa jednim jedinim otvorom, ih sa više otvora u spoljnim zidovima. Bar jedan otvor mora da se izvede pri vrhu spoljnih zidova, pri čemu taj otvor može biti u vidu procepa, ili zazora, izmedju gomjeg kraja suda sa aditivom i dna izlivnika, ih procepa izmedju gomjeg kraja suda sa aditivom i poklopca levka, odnosno dimnjaka, ih omotača. Sud za aditiv i omotač, ili dimnjak mogu biti u celosti načinjeni od vatrostalnog materijala, ih omotač, odnosno dimnjak, može biti načinjen, na primer, od Čelika sa vatrostalnom oblogom, pri čemu je u njemu načinjen otvor za dovod rastopljenog metala iz izlivnika.The vessel with the additive can be of any suitable shape, circular or rectangular, and is made with a single opening, with several openings in the outer walls. At least one opening must be at the top of the outer walls, the opening being in the form of a gap, or gap, between the convex end of the receptacle and the bottom of the spout, the gap between the convex end of the receptacle and the funnel lid or chimney. wraps them. The additive container and the chimney or chimney may be entirely made of refractory material, the enclosure or chimney can be made, for example, of steel with refractory lining, in which an opening for supplying molten metal from the spout is made.
Sud za aditiv može biti načinjen, na primer, od žičane rešetke, ili skeleta, obloženog vatrostalnim materijalom.The additive vessel may be made, for example, of a wire grid, or a skeleton, coated with refractory material.
Prema jednoj drugoj mogučnosti, sud sa aditivom može biti postavljen na dimnjak, odnosno na omotač. Dimnjak može biti tako postavljen da protok metala menja pravac po izlasku iz suda sa aditivom, a sud sa aditivom može biti postavljen na zid ili postolje dimnjaka.Alternatively, the container with the additive may be placed on the chimney or on the sheath. The chimney can be positioned so that the flow of metal changes direction upon exiting the container with the additive, and the container with the additive can be mounted on the wall or base of the chimney.
Prema jednom drugom izvodjenju, sud sa aditivom je obložen, unutar omotača ili dimnjaka, još jednim vatrostalnim telom. Ovo vatrostalno telo sadrži jedan ili više otvora koji omogučuju isticanje rastopljenog metala iz suda sa aditivom u omotač ili dimnjak. Namena tog dodatnog vatrostalnog tela je da reguliše protok metala i da pomogne reakciju izmedju metala i legure za reagovanje do koje može doči u omotaču ili dimnjaku.According to another embodiment, the container with the additive is coated, within the sheath or chimney, by another refractory body. This refractory includes one or more openings that allow the molten metal to flow out of the container with the additive into the sheath or chimney. The purpose of this additional refractory body is to regulate the flow of metal and to assist the reaction between the metal and the reaction alloy that may occur in the sheath or chimney.
Drugi postupak za regulisanje protoka rastopljenog metala iz suda sa aditivom u livački lonac, kao i za pomaganje svake reakcije izmedju metala i legure za reagovanje, do koje može doči u omotaču ili dimnjaku, može se ostvariti pomoču jednog ili više vatrostalnih profila postavljenih u omotaču ili dimnjaku. Ova konstrukcija je takva da profil predstavlja sredstvo za regulisanje raspodele protoka metala i smanjuje na minimum mogučnosti oksidisanja reaktivnog aditiva u umotaču ili dimnjaku.Another method of regulating the flow of molten metal from the vessel with the additive into the casting pot, as well as to assist any reaction between the metal and the reacting alloy that may occur in the sheath or chimney, may be accomplished by means of one or more refractory profiles set in the sheath or the chimney. This construction is such that the profile is a means of regulating the flow distribution of metals and minimizes the possibility of oxidizing the reactive additive in the wrapper or chimney.
Utvrdjeno je da reagovanje rastopljenog metala sa aditivom počinje prvo u sudu sa aditivom i nastavlja se u omotaču ili dimnjaku, u stvari levku koji vodi u livački lonac. Mada se reakcija nastavlja i u livačkom loncu, sila reakcije je svedena na minimum i obično se tu ne javlja veča količina dima i vamica o poredjenju sa jednim konvencionalnim procesom kod kojega se rastopljeni metal izliva neposredno na reaktivni aditiv koji se nalazi na dnu livačkog lonca. Na taj način postavljanje omotača ili levka može biti dovoljno da se spreči dodir izmedju rastopljenog metala koji se obradjuje i atmosfere.It has been found that the reaction of molten metal with an additive begins first in the container with the additive and continues in the sheath or chimney, in fact a funnel leading to the casting pot. Although the reaction continues in the casting pot, the reaction force is kept to a minimum and there is usually no greater amount of smoke and smoke compared to a conventional process in which molten metal is poured directly onto a reactive additive located at the bottom of the casting pot. In this way, the placement of the sheath or hopper may be sufficient to prevent contact between the molten metal being treated and the atmosphere.
Uredjaj za obradu prema pronalasku pogodan je za primenu kod metalurških procesa koji obuhvataju dodavanje nekog reaktivnog aditiva rastopljenom metalu, kao što su procesi izdvajanja sumpora i modificiranje. Medjutim, ovaj je uredjaj naročito pogodan za proizvodnju livenog gvoždja kod koje se u rastopljeno liveno gvoždje unosi neko sredstvo za obrazovanje sferoidnog grafita.The processing device of the invention is suitable for use in metallurgical processes involving the addition of a reactive additive to molten metal, such as sulfur separation and modification processes. However, this device is particularly suitable for the production of cast iron in which a spheroid graphite agent is introduced into the molten cast iron.
Kod procesa obrazovanja sferoidnog grafita prema pronalasku, svaki od več poznatih metala za obrazovanje sferoidnog grafita, ili legure, jedinjenja ili mešavine istih, mogu se koristiti, i to najbolje u vidu grudvi ili presovanih/lepljenih komada, mada se mogu koristiti i u vidu praha. U slučaju da se koristi prah, može biti potrebno, da se koriste elementi kao što je gaza ili žičana mreža, bilo da zadrži prah, bilo da se njome obloži komora sa aditivom kako bi se sprečilo oticanje aditiva pre početka procesa obrade.In the process of spheroid graphite formation according to the invention, any of the already known spheroid graphite metals, or alloys, compounds or mixtures thereof, can be used, most preferably in the form of lumps or pressed / glued pieces, although they may also be used in powder form. Where powder is used, it may be necessary to use elements such as gauze or wire mesh to retain the powder or to enclose the additive chamber to prevent the additive from swelling before the processing process begins.
Utvrdjeno je da primena uredjaja prema prikazanom pronalasku pruža više prednosti u odnosu na uredjaje konvencionalno primenjene u livnicama i uredjaje ranije opisane u literaturi.It has been found that the use of the devices according to the present invention provides more advantages over the devices conventionally applied in foundries and the devices previously described in the literature.
Posebno je utvrdjeno da, u poredjenju sa konvencionalnom tehnikom livenja, uredjaj prema pronalasku omogučuje ostvarenje čistijeg i bezbednijeg procesa sa znatno smanjenom količinom dima i vamičenja, kao i bez prskanja metala za vreme odvijanja reakcije. Uredjaj je relativno jeftin i prilagodljiv, a omogučuje lako variranje temperature obrade, čime se ostvaruje veča kontrola nad temperaturama sipanja, odnosno izlivanja. Prikazano je praktično da jedan jedini takav uredjaj može da obradi količine metala u granicama od 200 do 600 kg i 750 do 2000 kg.In particular, it has been found that, in comparison with conventional casting techniques, the apparatus according to the invention enables a cleaner and safer process with significantly reduced smoke and drafting, as well as without spraying of metals during the reaction. The device is relatively inexpensive and adaptable, allowing for easy variation of the processing temperature, thereby providing greater control over the pouring or pouring temperatures. It has been shown practically that a single such device can process metals in the range of 200 to 600 kg and 750 to 2000 kg.
Druge prednosti uredjaja prema prikazanom pronalasku sastoje se u smanjenju potrebne radne snage (nije potrebno da se pripremaju specijalne pokrivne ploče ili da se koriste dva livačka lonca kao kod nekih konvencionalnih livačkih procesa) i poboljšanja u ukupnom vremenu obrade. Primenom uredjaja prema ovom pronalasku štedi se toplotna energija, a efikasnost uredjaja je takva, da se može smanjiti potrebna količina modifikatora ili sredstva za obrazovanje sferoidnog grafita.Other advantages of the apparatus according to the present invention are to reduce the required manpower (it is not necessary to prepare special cover plates or to use two casting pots as in some conventional casting processes) and to improve the overall processing time. The use of a device according to the invention saves thermal energy, and the efficiency of the device is such that the amount of modifier or agent for spheroid graphite formation can be reduced.
Uredjaj prema prikazanom pronalasku ima prednosti u odnosu na uredjaj od istog prijavioca opisan u evropskoj patentnoj prijavi br. 79 302553.7 (objavljenoj pod br. 0011478). Naročito po torne što prikazani uredjaj ima produženi vek trajanja. Postavljanje jednog otvora, po želji izvedenog u vidu potpuno prstenastog procepa, ili zazora, izvedenog pri vrhu suda sa aditivom, dovodi do smanjenja mogučnosti da dodje do začepljenja uredjaja. Takodje je smanjena opasnost da se pojavi protivpritisak magnezijumskih para (u slučaju aditiva koji sadrži magnezijum). Konstrukcija otvora i postavljanje suda sa aditivom u levak ili omotač takodje omogučuje poboljšanu kontrolu nad rastvorom leguru (aditiva).The apparatus of the present invention has advantages over the apparatus of the same applicant described in European patent application no. 79 302553.7 (published under No. 0011478). In particular, the display unit has an extended lifetime. Fitting a single hole, optionally in the form of a fully annular gap, or a gap, made at the top of the vessel with the additive, reduces the possibility of clogging of the device. It also reduces the risk of magnesium vapor counterpressure (in the case of a magnesium containing additive). The construction of the opening and the placement of the vessel with the additive in the funnel or sheath also allows for improved control of the alloy solution (additive).
Praktično je pokazano da se uredjaj prema pronalasku može koristiti i sa kupolnim i sa električnim pečima za topljenje, a unutar širokog opsega težina materijala koji se obradjuje.It has been practically shown that the apparatus according to the invention can be used with both dome and electric melting furnaces, and within a wide range the weight of the material to be treated.
Konstrukcija uredjaja i postupak izvodjenja obrade mogu se na pogodan način opisati sa pozivom na priložene črteže, gde:The construction of the apparatus and the process of performing the processing can be conveniently described by reference to the accompanying drawings, where:
- slika 1 prikazuje, delimično u preseku, izgled jednog izvodjenja uredjaja za obradu prema pronalasku,- Figure 1 shows, partly in cross-section, the appearance of one embodiment of the processing device according to the invention,
- slika 2 prikazuje presek jednog drugog izvodjenja uredjaja za obradu prema pronalasku,- Figure 2 shows a cross-section of another embodiment of the processing device according to the invention,
- slika 3 prikazuje presek kroz jedno izvodjenje uredjaja za obradu prema pronalasku, koji obuhvata jedno dopunsko vatrostalno telo oko suda sa aditivom, i- Figure 3 shows a cross-section through one embodiment of a processing device according to the invention, comprising one additional refractory body around the vessel with the additive, and
- slika 4 prikazuje presek kroz jedno drugo izvodjenje uredjaja za obradu prema pronalasku, koji obuhvata jedan vatrostalni profil za regulisanje protoka rastopljenog metala.4 is a cross-sectional view through another embodiment of a treatment device according to the invention, comprising a refractory profile for regulating the flow of molten metal.
Prema slici 1 uredjaja za obradu obuhvata izlivnik 1 koji se preko otvora 2 prazni u sud 3 za aditivom. Sud 3 sa aditivom smešten je u omotač ih levak 4 koji je pokriven, na primer, pločom 5 obloženom vatrostalnim materijalom.According to Figure 1, the treatment apparatus comprises a spout 1 which is emptied through the opening 2 into the container 3 for the additive. The container 3 with the additive is enclosed in a hopper 4 which is covered, for example, by a plate 5 coated with refractory material.
Omotač ima suženi kraj 6 koji obezbedjuje izlivanje materijala na neki pogodan način. Osnovna svrha ovog omotača je da spreči dodir metala koji se obradjuje sa atmosferom.The sheath has a tapered end 6 which ensures the material is poured out in a convenient manner. The basic purpose of this sheath is to prevent the contact of metal that is treated with the atmosphere.
Sud 3 sa aditivom može biti načinjen od Čelika sa vatrostalnom oblogom, ih može biti načinjen isključivo od vatrostalnog materijala.The container 3 with the additive can be made of steel with refractory lining, they can be made exclusively of refractory material.
Sud 3 sa aditivom izveden je sa otvorima 7 u njegovim spoljnim zidovima. Jedan od otvora 7a obrazovan je tako što je izmedju gomjeg kraja suda 3 sa aditivom i vatrostalne ploče 5 ostvaren jedan prstenasti zazor, ili procep.The vessel 3 with the additive is constructed with openings 7 in its outer walls. One of the openings 7a is formed by creating a annular gap or gap between the bulky end of the vessel 3 with the additive and the refractory plate 5.
Izlivnik, omotač ili levak i poklopac suda sa aditivom mogu biti zajedno povezani pomoču stezaljki, a po želji se mogu koristiti zaptivke tako da se omoguči veza nepropusna za vazduh.The spout, sheath or hopper and the lid of the container with the additive may be connected together by means of clamps, and seals may be used if desired so as to allow an airtight connection.
Prema slici 2, uredjaj za obradu sadrži jedan sud 3 sa aditivom koji ima otvore 7 u spoljnim zidovima. Sud sa aditivom je postavljen na osnovu 8 levka 4. Jedan od otvora 7b predstavlja prstenasti zazor, ili procep, izmedju gomjeg kraja zidova uredjaja i dna, ili osnove, 9 izlivnika. Otvor 7b je proširen u svom delu 7c. Metal koji se obradjuje izlazi iz ovog uredjaja kroz levak 4 koji menja pravac kod svog suženog kraja 6.According to Figure 2, the processing device comprises a vessel 3 with an additive having openings 7 in the outer walls. The container with the additive is mounted on the basis of 8 funnel 4. One of the openings 7b represents a annular gap, or a gap, between the bulky end of the walls of the apparatus and the bottom, or base, 9 spout. The opening 7b is widened in its portion 7c. The metal being machined exits this device through a funnel 4 which changes direction at its tapered end 6.
Prema slici 3, uredjaj za obradu sadrži sud 3 sa aditivom koji ima otvore 7 u spoljnim zidovima. Jedan od otvora 7b obrazovan je u vidu prstenastog zazora, ili procepa, izmedju gomjeg kraja zidova uredjaja i dna, ili osnove, 9 izlivnika. Otvor 7b proširen je u svom delu 7c. Sud 3 je obuhvačen vatrostalnim telom 10 koje sadrži otvore 11. Jedan od ovih otvora llb obrazovan je u vidu prstenastog zazora izmedju gomjeg kraja uredjaja i dna, ili osnove, 9 izlivnika. Otvor llb proširen je u svom delu lic. Obradjeni metal prolazi iz suda 3 kroz otvore 7, 7b i 7c u središnju zonu 12 izmedju suda 3 i vatrostalnog tela 10, a kroz otvore 11 u levak 4 koji menja pravac kod svog suženog kraja 6.According to Figure 3, the processing device comprises a vessel 3 with an additive having openings 7 in the outer walls. One of the openings 7b is formed in the form of a annular gap, or a gap, between the bulky end of the walls of the apparatus and the bottom, or base, 9 of the spout. The opening 7b is expanded in its portion 7c. The vessel 3 is enclosed by a refractory body 10 containing openings 11. One of these openings llb is formed in the form of a annular gap between the bulky end of the apparatus and the bottom, or base, 9 of the spout. The llb opening is widened in its portion of the lic. The treated metal passes from vessel 3 through openings 7, 7b and 7c to the central zone 12 between vessel 3 and refractory body 10, and through openings 11 to funnel 4 which changes direction at its tapered end 6.
Na slici 4 prikazan je uredjaj za obradu sličan onome sa slike 2, ali koji sadrži jedan vatrostalni profil 13 postavljen u levku 4. Ovaj profil obezbedjuje dopunsko sredstvo za regulisanje veličine i pravca protoka obradjenog metala, a uz smanjenje na minimum mogučnosti da reaktivni aditiv oksidira u levku ili omotoča.Figure 4 shows a treatment device similar to that of Figure 2 but containing a refractory profile 13 placed in the funnel 4. This profile provides an additional means of regulating the size and flow direction of the treated metal, while minimizing the possibility of the reactive additive oxidizing in a funnel or sheath.
Radi lakšeg i pogodnijeg funkcionisanja, ceo uredjaj za obradu može da se koristi zajedno sa jednom peči za topljenje.For ease of operation, the entire processing unit can be used in conjunction with a single melting furnace.
Uredjaj za obradu prema pronalasku može da se ugradi u izlivni žleb peči ili se može postaviti izmedju peči i livačkog lonca. Prema jednoj mogučnosti, uredjaj za obradu prema pronalasku može se koristiti za obradu metala prilikom njegovog provodjenja iz jednog livačkog lonca u drugi.The processing device according to the invention can be installed in the pouring groove of the furnace or can be installed between the furnace and the casting pot. According to one possibility, the processing device of the invention can be used to process a metal as it is carried from one casting pot to another.
U toku rada se jedan reaktivni aditiv, kao što je sredstvo za obrazovanje sferoidnog grafita, u obliku grudve, presovan ili slepljen postavlja u sud za aditiv, bilo tako što se skida poklopac i izlivnik da bi se olakšao pristup sudu, ili se unosi kroz otvor u izlivniku.During operation, one reactive additive, such as a spheroidal graphite formulation, in the form of a lump, is pressed or glued into the additive container, either by removing the lid and the spout to facilitate access to the vessel, or being inserted through the opening in the spout.
Livački lonac ili izlivni žleb peči postavlja se tako da mu je izlivni otvor neposredno iznad izlivnika.The casting pot or pouring groove of the stove is positioned so that its outlet opening is directly above the spout.
Rastopljeni metal se pušta da teče neposredno iz peči preko izlivnog žleba u izlivnik, a odatle u sud sa aditivom.The molten metal is allowed to flow directly from the furnace via the spout into the spout and from there into the container with the additive.
Rastopljeni metal prolazi preko i kroz aditiv, a zatim izlazi kroz otvor ili otvore u sudu za aditiv.The molten metal passes through and through the additive and then exits through the opening or openings in the additive container.
Metal može da izadje iz komore proporcionalno kroz otvor, ili otvore, u bočnim zidovima suda i kroz otvor, ili otvore, ili zazor izmedju gomjeg kraja suda sa aditivom i poklopca omotača ili levka, ili u celini kroz otvor, ili otvore, u bočnim zidovima.The metal may exit the chamber proportionally through the opening or openings, in the side walls of the vessel and through the opening or openings, or the gap between the convex end of the vessel with the additive and the cover of the sheath or funnel, or entirely through the opening or openings, in the side walls .
Reakcija rastopljenog metala sa reaktivnim aditivom počinje prvo u sudu sa aditivom, a nastavlja se u omotaču ili levku koji vodi u livački lonac.The reaction of the molten metal with the reactive additive begins first in the vessel with the additive, and continues in the sheath or hopper leading to the casting pot.
Mada se deo reakcije i dalje nastavlja u livačkom loncu, intenzitet reakcije nestaje, pa obično tu nema pojave velikih količina dima i vamica, poredjeno sa nekim konvencionalnim procesom kod kojega se rastopljeni metal sipa neposredno na reaktivni aditiv postavljen na dno livačkog lonca.Although part of the reaction continues in the casting pot, the intensity of the reaction disappears, so usually there is no large amount of smoke and lees, compared to some conventional process in which molten metal is poured directly onto a reactive additive placed at the bottom of the casting pot.
Pronalazak če biti detaljnije prikazan preko sledečih primera u kojima je opisan jedan proces obrazovanja sferoidnog grafita.The invention will be illustrated in greater detail by the following examples, which describe a process for the formation of spheroidal graphite.
Primer 1Example 1
Uredjaj za obradu prema pronalasku, prikazan na slici 2, postavljen je tako da obradjuje metal koji se prevodi iz jednog livačkog suda u drugi.The processing device of the invention, shown in Figure 2, is arranged to process metal that is transferred from one casting vessel to another.
Unapred odredjena količina sredstva za obrazovanje sferoidnog grafita, na bazi 2,0% aditiva u odnosu na količinu rastopljenog metala koja se obradjuje, postavljena je u sud za aditiv.A predetermined amount of spheroid graphite formulation agent, based on 2.0% of the additive relative to the amount of molten metal being processed, was placed in the additive vessel.
U ovom primeru to je sredstvo na bazi nominalnih 5-6% magnezijuma i u vidu je granula prečnika 1 do 4 mm.In this example, it is an agent based on nominal 5-6% magnesium and is in the form of granules 1 to 4 mm in diameter.
300 kg rastopljenog livenog gvoždja sa ljuskastim grafitom pogodnog sastava sipa se kroz uredjaj za obradu, a u trajanju od oko dvadeset do trideset sekundi, za koje se vreme sredstvo za obrazovanje sferoidnog grafita rastvori, dok se obradjeni metal sakupi u livačkom loncu.300 kg of molten cast iron with graphite flake of suitable composition is poured through a treatment device and for about twenty to thirty seconds, during which time the spheroid graphite agent dissolves while the treated metal is collected in a casting pot.
Ova je obrada izvršena praktično bez ikakvog dima ili eksplozije gasnih mehuriča.This treatment was done with virtually no smoke or gas bubbles.
Ispitivanje obradjenog metala dalo je sledeče rezultate.Testing of the treated metal gave the following results.
Sastav metala %T.C%Si %S %P %Mn %Cu %MgMetal composition% T.C% Si% S% P% Mn% Cu% Mg
3,38 2,44 0,008 0,038 0,20 0,14 0,0383.38 2.44 0.008 0.038 0.20 0.14 0.038
StrukturaStructure
Grafit sferoidnog oblika Perlitno/feritna matricaSpheroidal graphite Perlite / ferrite matrix
Mehanička svojstvaMechanical properties
Jačina na kidanje N/mm2 izduženja %Tensile strength N / mm 2 elongation%
673 13673 13
Procedura opisana u Primeru 1 bila je ponovljena, uključujuči primenu procesa za obradu metala neposredno iz peči uz koriščenje sredstva za obrazovanje sferoidnog grafita i u vidu grudvi, i u vidu granula.The procedure described in Example 1 was repeated, including the application of a metalworking process directly from the furnace using a spheroid graphite formulation, both in the form of lumps and in the form of granules.
Sledeči primeri su tipični.The following examples are typical.
Primer 2Example 2
Procedura je bila kako je opisano u primeru 1.The procedure was as described in Example 1.
Sastav metala %T.C. %Si %S %P 3,60 2,40 0,011 0,03Metal Composition% T.C. % Si% S% P 3.60 2.40 0.011 0.03
StrukturaStructure
Grafit sferoidnog oblikaSpheroidal graphite
Mehanička svojstvaMechanical properties
Jačina na kidanje N/mm2 785 %Mn %Cu %Mg 0,22 0,45 0,042Tensile strength N / mm 2 785% Mn% Cu% Mg 0.22 0.45 0.042
Perlitno/feritna matricaPerlite / ferrite matrix
Izduženje % 6Elongation% 6
Primer 3Example 3
Procedura je bila kako je opisano u primeru 1.The procedure was as described in Example 1.
Sastav metala %T.C. %Si %S %P 3,67 2,43 0,006 StrukturaMetal Composition% T.C. % Si% S% P 3.67 2.43 0.006 Structure
Grafit sferoidnog oblikaSpheroidal graphite
Mehanička svojstva Jačina na kidanje N/mm2 Mechanical properties Tensile strength N / mm 2
664 %Mn %Cu %Mg 0,22 0,28 0,041664% Mn% Cu% Mg 0.22 0.28 0.041
Perlitno/feritna matricaPerlite / ferrite matrix
Izduženje % 9Elongation% 9
Primer 4Example 4
Uredjaj se koristi priključen na kupolnu peč sa sabimim loncemThe appliance is used connected to a dome oven with a pot
Uredjaj za obradu prikazan na slici 2 postavljen je ispred sabimog lonca za metal u kome je bila izvesna količina metala pogodnog sastava iz kojeg je uklonjen sumpor.The treatment apparatus shown in Figure 2 was placed in front of a metal pot containing a certain amount of metal of a suitable composition from which the sulfur was removed.
Jedna unapred odredjena količina sredstva za obrazovanje sferoidnog grafita, na bazi 2% dodatka u odnosu na količinu rastopljenog metala koji se obradjuje, postavljena je u sud za aditiv.One predetermined amount of spheroid graphite education agent, based on a 2% additive relative to the amount of molten metal being treated, was placed in an additive vessel.
Sredstvo za obrazovanje sferoidnog grafita, primenjeno u ovom primeru, sadržalo je nominalnih 5% magnezijuma, a bilo je u vidu granula prečnika od 1 do 4 mm.The spheroid graphite formulation used in this example contained a nominal 5% of magnesium, and was in the form of granules of 1 to 4 mm in diameter.
kg rastopljenog livenog gvoždja iz prijemnog lonca sipano je kroz uredjaj za obradu u trajanju od oko 15 sekundi, za koje je vreme pomenuto sredstvo rastvoreno, a obradjeni metal je sakupljen u livačkom loncu.kg of molten cast iron from the receiving pot was poured through a treatment device for about 15 seconds, during which time the aforementioned agent was dissolved and the treated metal was collected in a casting pot.
U toku ove obrade praktično uopšte nije došlo do pojave dima ili eksplozija gasova.No smoke or gas explosions occurred during this treatment.
Izvršen pregled obradjenog metala dao je sledeče tipične rezultate.An inspection of the treated metal gave the following typical results.
Sastav metala %T.C. %Si %S %Mn %Mg 3,68 2,84 <0,01 0,54 0,047Metal Composition% T.C. % Si% S% Mn% Mg 3.68 2.84 <0.01 0.54 0.047
StrukturaStructure
Grafit sferoidnog oblikaSpheroidal graphite
Mehanička svojstvaMechanical properties
Obradjeni material Jačina na kidanje N/mm2 Treated material Tensile strength N / mm 2
432432
Primer 5Example 5
Perlitno/feritna matricaPerlite / ferrite matrix
Žareno stanje Izduženje %Annealed state Elongation%
U ovom primeru uredjaj za obradu, prikazan na slici 2, koji ima kapacitet obrade do 2 tone metala, bio je postavljen ispred jedne električne peči sa kupatilom od rastopljenog metala pogodnog sastava.In this example, the treatment device shown in Figure 2, which has a processing capacity of up to 2 tons of metal, was placed in front of one electric furnace with a molten metal bath of suitable composition.
Unapred odredjena količina sredstva za obrazovanje sferoidnog grafita, na bazi 2% dodatka u odnosu na količinu rastopljenog metala, postavljena je u sud za aditiv.A predetermined amount of a spheroid graphite education agent, based on a 2% additive relative to the amount of molten metal, was placed in an additive vessel.
Kod ovog primera sredstvo za obrazovanje sferoidnog grafita sadržalo je nominalnih 5% magnezijuma i bilo je u vidu granula prečnika od 1 do 4 mm.In this example, the spheroid graphite formulation agent contained a nominal 5% magnesium and was in the form of granules of 1 to 4 mm in diameter.
700 kg rastopljenog metala sipano je kroz uredjaj za obradu u trajanju od 60 sekundi, za koje je vreme sredstvo za obrazovanje sferoidnog grafita rastvoreno, a obradjeni je metal sakupljen u livačkom loncu.700 kg of molten metal was poured through a treatment device for 60 seconds, during which time the spheroid graphite agent was dissolved and the treated metal was collected in a casting pot.
Izvršeni pregled obradjenog metala dao je sledeče tipične rezultate.The performed inspection of the processed metal gave the following typical results.
Sastav metala %T.C. %Si %S %Mn %Cu %Mg 3,53 2,19 0,006 0,20 0,63 0,046Metal Composition% T.C. % Si% S% Mn% Cu% Mg 3.53 2.19 0.006 0.20 0.63 0.046
StrukturaStructure
Grafit sferoidnog oblika Perlitno/feritna matricaSpheroidal graphite Perlite / ferrite matrix
Mehanička svojstvaMechanical properties
Obradjeni material neposredno po livenju Jačina na kidanje N/mm2 Izduženje %Treated material immediately after casting Tensile strength N / mm 2 Elongation%
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8201538 | 1982-01-20 | ||
| YU116/83A YU42833B (en) | 1982-01-20 | 1983-01-20 | Device for treating molten metal |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SI8310116A8 true SI8310116A8 (en) | 1994-12-31 |
Family
ID=26281760
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI8310116A SI8310116A8 (en) | 1982-01-20 | 1983-01-20 | Device and process for treating molten metal |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| HR (1) | HRP930234B1 (en) |
| SI (1) | SI8310116A8 (en) |
-
1983
- 1983-01-20 SI SI8310116A patent/SI8310116A8/en unknown
-
1993
- 1993-02-25 HR HRP-116/83A patent/HRP930234B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HRP930234B1 (en) | 1997-06-30 |
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