SI25431A - Accordion, preferably diatonic accordion - Google Patents

Abstract

Harmonics, in particular a diatonic accordion, comprising a melodic box, a bass box and a bellows arrangement arranged between them, whereby buttons are placed on the melodic box and the baskets to play harmonics, which are connected through the lever mechanism each with their lid that closes the opening in the floor a balloon comprising a vocoder, comprising a composition comprising a single floor formed of stacked plates with apertures and balls mounted on the floor and arranged side by side in parallel with each other, underneath all the pawns.

Description

HARMONICA, PREFERREDLY DIATONIC HARMONICA

The subject of the invention

The subject of the invention is an accordion, preferably a diatonic accordion.

Technical problem

The technical problem is to design such an accordion, preferably a diatonic accordion, which will allow the musician to play the accordion with various extinguishers, without having to replace the accordion, with the accordion being entirely mechanically designed. The accordion designed in this way must retain the shape and dimensions of a normal diatonic accordion, as well as the way it is played.

State of the art

The accordion as well as the diatonic accordion has a melody cabinet and a bass cabinet connected by a bellows. By pulling or squeezing the bellows, the air is pushed through the valves and ballot boxes to the vocal cords and tabs, which swing with a certain frequency and create a certain tone. In case the tone is different when squeezing and stretching the bellows, we are talking about a diatonic harmonica. The melody locker is located on the right side of the bellows and usually has three or even five types of buttons designed to play the melody. The bass cabinet is located on the left side of the bellows and usually has eleven buttons (3-line accordion) to create bass tones, and five buttons for accompanying chords. The principle of operation and thus the creation of tone on the melodic and bass side is the same, the difference is mainly in the number of buttons. The melody and bass cabinet are usually made of wood.

Ballot boxes are arranged in the melody box, the number of which depends on the number of button types and is at least equal to the number of button types on the melody side. Ballot boxes are also arranged in the bass box, but one ballot is designed for all bass and the other ballot for all accompanying tones. One row of buttons on the melody side is assigned one ballot inside the melody cabinet, with each ballot tuned to a specific major scale. Thus, in a melody cabinet with three types of buttons, a total of forty buttons, there are three ballot papers, each tuned in its own specific major. Consequently, the individual diatonic harmonica is tuned in a particular major combination, e.g. CFB, FisHE, FBEs, HEA, GCF and others. The accordion with several types of buttons is tuned in a major major combination.

Each ballot box comprises a support housing with compartments in which the vocal cords are located, a bottom which closes the housing and a floor which is single-layered and contains openings for the vocal cords. An individual button e.g. on the melodic side, it is connected to a cover or valve via a special lever mechanism. At the push of a button, the lid, which closes the openings in the floor of the ballot box, is lifted and allows air to access the vocal cords. Typically, ballot papers have three openings that are arranged essentially in the shape of a triangle in the floor of the ballot paper and are closed by the same lid. Such a ballot has three vocal cords, all creating the same tone but with a different color and we are talking about a three-times tuned accordion. Each vocal cord comprises a housing with two openings parallel to each other in length. Each opening is closed on one side with a metal tongue to create a tone and on the other side with a locking element, e.g. with felt or leather to prevent air supply to the tab from below. The three equally spaced tabs of the three vocal cords belonging to one cover create the same tone, but with a different color.

In the accordion state, the ballot box in the cabinet is arranged essentially vertically so that the floor of the ballot box faces the buttons on the melodic or bass side and the vocal cords are arranged perpendicular to the floor or are essentially parallel to the direction of stretching / squeezing the bellows. .

Musicians - accordions use differently tuned accordions to perform different songs, either because of the requirements in the recording of the song or because of the liking of a certain tonal color. Since an individual accordion can be tuned in only one way, that is, to one particular major combination, the accordionist must have several differently tuned accordions to perform different songs. Therefore, the accordionist has to change the accordions during the performance, which requires a certain amount of time, especially if the accordionist has the accordion attached to the carrying strap to make it easier to play. Such interruptions are undesirable because they constitute an interruption in performance.

Each accordion must be well-coordinated to play, which means that the accordionist must play a certain minimum number of hours with each accordion. In case the accordionist has several harmonics, harmony can be a problem because individual accordions are played more than other accordions.

The economic aspect is also important when playing a large number of accordions, because an individual accordion represents a certain considerable cost for an individual.

It follows from the foregoing that there is a need for such a diatonic harmonica to be tuned to more than one major combination, such tuning being made merely mechanically, without the use of electronic devices. The mechanical way of performing is important because the diatonic accordion is a historical, folk instrument, which is primarily intended for playing folk songs that require an appropriate mechanical sound.

Solution to a technical problem

The technical problem is solved by a diatonic accordion according to the invention, the main feature of which is that it comprises a composition comprising one floor formed of stacked panels with openings and ballot boxes arranged on this floor and arranged parallel to each other. in addition to the other, being below common to all ballot papers. The composition comprises more than one ballot, preferably twenty ballots.

The floor is made of a bottom panel with openings, the openings being arranged in five parallel rows, each set comprising forty openings, the middle panel with openings corresponding to the openings of the lower panel, the upper panel with openings of rectangular shape, which are arranged parallel to each other in one row and transversely to the length dimension of the top plate, each opening in size corresponding to the openings located in the same row of all five rows, the plate being arranged between the bottom plate and the middle plate and is formed from five parallel perforated metal strips arranged side by side, the perforations being arranged to match the intermediate compartments between the openings.

The ballot paper is essentially a flat design with a rectangular shape, the width of which corresponds to the width of the floor and comprises a fastened part with openings corresponding to the openings of the bottom plate, and a flat supporting part on which the vocal cords are attached. In the fastening part, two mutually parallel rows of five openings are arranged, which are consistent with the openings.

The ballot box has chambers arranged in the supporting part, which are closed by vocal cords. The ballot box chambers are larger on one surface of the ballot box carrier than the chambers on the other surface of the ballot paper carrier.

The voicemail has three tabs and three locking elements, which allows three tunings. The vocal cords, located within the same string, are tuned in three major modes. Loudspeakers located in different strings are tuned in different combinations of major modes.

The lid is shaped according to the opening and rests on it.

Each perforated metal strip is connected via a tuning lever mechanism to a tuning button mounted on the cabinet.

The diatonic accordion according to the invention is entirely designed mechanically and in a way that does not change its appearance and does not interfere with its standard external dimensions. The diatonic accordion according to the invention allows the galsnik to play with various Drnov combinations, even up to five, without having to replace the accordion. Switching between different tunings is easy, fast and allows you to switch even during the game itself without interrupting the game.

The invention will be described in more detail with an exemplary embodiment and illustrative drawings

Sl. 1 Diatonic harmonica

Sl. 2 Schematic representation of the melody page with buttons, three-part lever mechanism and floor

Sl. 3 Floor in explosion display

Sl. 4 Ballot

Sl. 5 Ballot with ballot papers

Sl. 6 Voice

Sl. 7 Composition of the floor and ballot paper

The accordion 100, in particular the diatonic accordion, comprises a melody cabinet 1 and a bass cabinet 2 and a bellows 3 arranged between them. Normally, the melody cabinet is located on the right side of the bellows and thus the accordion. Melodic locker or melodic Page intended for playing a melody, while on the bass side a rhythmic accompaniment is added to the melody. The principle of playing and creating tones is the same on both sides, both sides differ mainly in the number of buttons 4 for individual tones. The melodic side consists of at least three types of buttons 4, maybe more. Each type of button represents a diatonic scale. Each button 4 is connected via a three-part lever mechanism 9 to the respective cover 5, which closes the multiple opening 731 in the floor 7. The floor 7 is designed as a multilayer flat assembly to which ballot boxes 8 with voicemails 6 are attached. The three-part lever mechanism 9 is easily designed as known such mechanisms or otherwise and is not the subject of the present invention.

The floor 7 is designed as a multi-layer flat assembly with openings through which the working air is led to the selected vocal cords 6. The floor 7 is common to all ballot boxes 8 and is formed from

- bottom plates 71 with openings 711, the openings 711 being arranged in five parallel rows, each set comprising 40 openings 711 which are rectangular in shape, all openings being 5 x 40,

- middle plates 72 with openings 721 corresponding to the openings 711 of the lower plate 71,

- top plates 73 with multiple openings 731 of rectangular shape, arranged parallel to each other in one row and transverse to the longitudinal dimension of the top plate 73, each opening 731 corresponding in size to the openings 721, 711 located in the same type of all five sets I, II, III, IV, V,

- a plate 74 arranged between the bottom plate 71 and the middle plate 72 and formed of five parallel perforated metal strips 741 arranged side by side, the perforations 742 being arranged to match the intermediate compartments between the openings 711, 721 lower 71 or middle plates 72.

The respective perforated metal strip 741 is connected to the tuning lever mechanism 10, which is connected to the respective tuning button 11 arranged on the melodic side. Its operation will be explained below.

All the above layers of the floor 7 are stacked one on top of the other as a stack, fixed to each other in a separable manner e.g. by screwing or inseparable way e.g. by gluing, and forming a whole named under 7. On each opening 731 of the upper plate 73 of the fitting lid 5, which is shaped in shape corresponding to the opening 731. Each lid 5 is connected via a three-part lever mechanism 9 of any known type (not the subject of the invention) 4 on the melodic side.

On the underside of the floor 7, ie on the lower panel 71, there are fixed ballot boxes 8 in which the vocal cords 6 are located. Each ballot box 8 is essentially a flat design with a rectangular shape, which rests on the lower panel 71 of the floor 7 with one longer side. so that it extends perpendicular to the floor 7. Each ballot 8 comprises

- fastening a part 81 in the area of one longer side, which rests on the lower plate 71 of the floor 7, wherein in the fastening part 81 there are openings 83 which continue into the flat support part of the ballot 8 and are in size and arrangement consistent with the openings 711 bottom plates 71, and

- a flat support part 82 to which the vocal cords 6 are attached, usually with a mixture of wax.

The width of the ballot box 8 corresponds to the width of the floor 7 so that in the fastening part 81 five openings 83 are arranged in width, which correspond in size and arrangement to the openings 711, ie to the openings within one row of all five rows of the bottom plate 71. The height of the fastening part 81 is such that two mutually parallel rows of openings 83 are arranged in it with an arrangement corresponding to the arrangement of the openings 711 of the bottom plate 71. Each opening 83 of one row continues into the first chamber 823 in the first surface 821 of the support part 82 and each opening 83 of the other the rows proceed to the respective second chamber 824 in the second surface 821 of the support part 82. The first chambers 823 and the second chambers 824 differ from each other in size, the chambers of one size being located on the same surface. Each chamber 823, 824 is closed by the respective vocal cord 6, so that the larger chambers are closed by the longer vocal cords 6, which have longer tabs 61 and generate higher tones, and the smaller chambers are closed by shorter vocal cords 6, which have shorter tabs 61 and generate lower tones. The support part 82 of the ballot box has, if necessary, grooves 86 on the surface with shorter vocal cords, which allow oscillation of the long tab 61 lying opposite.

Each ballot 8 is placed on the bottom plate 71 of the floor 7 so that the openings 83 of the ballot correspond to two types of openings 711. Thus, twenty ballots 8 are arranged on the floor, which are arranged parallel to each other. Due to the limited space inside the melody cabinet, the ballot boxes are arranged so that the surface with long vocal cords 6 and long tabs 61 is adjacent to the area with short vocal cords 6 and short tabs 61. Due to the grooves 84 on the surface with short vocal cords 6, the long tabs 61 of vocal cords 6 they swing fully without hitting any obstacle.

In the embodiment, the number of openings 711, 721 in the floor 7 and the openings 83 in the ballots 8, located within the same set I, II, III, IV, V, is forty and is equal to the number of buttons 4 located in three rows on melodic side, that is, in the case of a three-stringed accordion. Three types of buttons 4 mean three Drnov tunings, which means forty different tones. Therefore, the number of ballot papers 6 in one set I, II, III, IV, V is the same, ie forty, and these ballot papers 6 are arranged in all twenty ballot papers. The tuning of the vocal cords 6, which are located in one set I, II, III, IV, V but in different vocal cords 8, is performed in such a way that these vocal cords form three Drnov modes and represent a major combination of accordion tuning, e.g. CFB, FisHE, FBEs, HEA, GCF and others. Since the vocal cords 6 are arranged in five mutually independent strings I, II, III, IV, V, their tuning is performed in five different major combinations, each representing a specific major combination of harmonic tuning.

As with any harmonica, each tone is tuned several times with a diatonic accordion. In the diatonic harmonica according to the invention, each tone is tuned three times. Each vocal cord 6, which belongs to a particular opening 83 and thus a specific tone, has three tabs 61 and three locking elements 62 made of felt, leather or other suitable material on each side of the voicemail 6, so that each voicemail 6 has six tabs 61 and six locking elements 62.

The bass side differs from the melodic side mainly in the number of buttons. The basic design of the floor 7 and the ballot 8 remain the same, they are adapted to the number of buttons on the bass side.

The ballot boxes 8 and under 7 form an assembly 13 which, together with the tuning lever mechanism 10 and the tuning button 11, allows the diatonic harmonic tuning to be changed and selected, the tuning being changed only mechanically.

The described composition 13 allows one diatonic harmonica to be tuned in several different modes, i.e. in up to five different major combinations. The number of combinations also depends on the number of types of buttons 4. In the event of a minor request, certain sets of openings 711, 721 in the floor and the corresponding openings 82 in the ballot boxes are filled or closed. A larger number of five major combinations is of course also feasible, but this results in an increase in the dimensions and mass of the diatonic harmonica. Such changes are undesirable on the part of the users because the external appearance of the instrument must remain as unchanged as possible.

It is understood that under 7 and the corresponding ballot boxes 8 can also be designed in different dimensional quantities, with more or less strings and more or less types of openings. In the case of smaller and / or fewer types of openings, not all the available space within an individual cabinet is used in the accordion. In the case of a larger number of sets and / or types of openings, the dimensions of the diatonic harmonica change and thus the appearance of the harmonica also changes.

The individual components can be made of different materials, such as light metal material, plastic materials. It is important that the material used has the mechanical properties required for a particular component and that the specific weight of the material is as small as possible, thus achieving the same mass of diatonic harmonica according to the invention compared to the classical embodiment.

The musician selects a certain major combination on the accordion by pressing one of the tuning buttons 11 located on the melodic side and the bass side. The tuning buttons 11 are close to the game buttons 4, so that the musician can easily and quickly reach them while playing. By pressing the tuning button 11, the tuning lever mechanism 10 is activated, which connects each tuning button 11 to the corresponding perforated strip strip 741. It moves in the longitudinal direction, parallel to the adjacent perforated strip strip and parallel to each plate 74 so that the perforation plate2 the strip sheet is aligned with the openings 711 of the lower panel and the openings 721 of the middle panel of the same set corresponding to the selected major combination. The perforated strip sheets 741 of the second arrays are stationary and are arranged between the lower 71 and the upper plate 72 so as to close the openings 711 and 721 of both plates. In this way, the air flow is only possible through the openings of the selected set, which corresponds to the selection with the tuning button. By pressing the melodic button 4, the cover 5 moves away from the assembled floor 7. Air penetrates through the opening 731 of the upper plate 73 and continues to the opening 721 of the middle plate 72, both located in the string previously opened by the tuning button. Air can only continue its way through the opening (s) of the string whose perforated strip sheet 741 has moved translatomally and opened the way for air through the openings 711 and further through the openings 83 of the ballot box 8 all the way to the vocal cord 6 and its tabs 61. When the musician wishes to change tuning, it presses the tuning button 11 again, thereby triggering the tuning lever mechanism 11 in the opposite direction and translatomally moving the perforated strip sheet 741 to the previous position, thereby closing the openings 711, 721 of the entire set. This is followed by pressing the second tuning button 11 and the process of setting the selected tuning is repeated.

Claims (12)

Patent claims 1. An accordion, in particular a diatonic accordion, comprising a melody cabinet, a bass cabinet and a bellows arranged therebetween, the accordion having a button for playing the accordion arranged on the melody cabinet and the bass cabinet, each connected by a lever to its own lid closing the opening in the floor of a ballot box comprising vocal cords, characterized in that it comprises an assembly (13) comprising one floor (7) formed of stacked panels with openings, and - ballot papers (8), which are placed on the floor (7) and arranged parallel to each other, whereby the floor (7) is common to all ballot papers (8). Accordion according to Claim 1, characterized in that the floor (7) is formed - from the lower plate (71) with openings (711), the openings (711) being arranged in at least three five parallel rows (I, II, III, IV, V), each set comprising forty openings (711) ), - middle plates (72) with openings (721) corresponding to the openings (711) of the lower plate (71), - top plates (73) with rectangular openings (731) arranged parallel to each other in one row (I, II, III, IV, V) and transverse to the length dimension of the top plate (73), each opening (731) in size consistent with the openings (721, 711) located in the same row of all five sets (I, II, III, IV, V), - plates (74) arranged between the lower plate (71) and the middle plate (72) and formed of five parallel perforated metal strips (741) arranged side by side, the perforations (742) being arranged so as to correspond to the intermediate compartments between the openings (711, 721). Accordion according to claim 1, characterized in that the ballot box (8) is a substantially flat design with a rectangular shape, the width of which corresponds to the width of the floor (7) and comprises - fasten the part (81) with openings (83) corresponding to the openings (711) of the lower floor plate (71) (7), and - a flat support part (82) to which the vocal cords (6) are attached. Accordion according to Claim 3, characterized in that two rows of parallel openings (83) are arranged in the fastening part (81), which correspond to the openings (711). Accordion according to Claim 3, characterized in that the ballot box (8) has chambers (823, 824) arranged in the support part, which are closed by vocal cords (6). Accordion according to Claim 5, characterized in that the chambers (823, 824) on one surface (821, 822) of the ballot box support part (82) are larger than the chambers (823, 824) on the other surface (821, 824). 822) of the carrier part (82) of the ballot paper (8). Accordion according to claim 3, characterized in that the vocal cord (6) has three tabs (61) and three locking elements (62), which allows three tunings. Accordion according to Claim 7, characterized in that the vocal cords (6) located within the same set (I, II, III, IV, V) are tuned in three major modes. Accordion according to Claim 10, characterized in that the vocal cords (6), which are arranged in different strings (I, II, III, IV, V), are tuned in different combinations of major modes. Accordion according to Claim 2, characterized in that the lid (5) conforms in shape to the opening (731) and rests on it. Accordion according to Claim 2, characterized in that the respective perforated metal strip (741) is connected via a tuning lever mechanism (10) to a tuning knob (11) mounted on the cabinet. Accordion according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the assembly (13) comprises twenty ballot boxes (8).