SI21464A - Friction material and manufacturing procedure of such material as well as brake lining, especially brake pad and its manufacturing procedure - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the submitted invention is a sintered friction material for the manufacture of friction elements, especially disk brake pads for motorcars and motorcycles. Friction elements made of materials in the sense of the invention are excelling in low abrasion and high and temperature stable coefficient of friction. Materials are applicable for all kinds of brake linings on traditional brake disks made of grey cast iron and cast steel, and especially on brake disks made of new-generation materials based on C/C-SiC and C/SiC composites. Materials are preferentially applicable for braking systems operating at extreme temperatures and speed loads, such as in sport cars and motor cycles.

Description

The friction material and the process of making such material and the brake pad, in particular the brake pad, and the manufacturing process thereof

The invention relates to the field of chemistry, namely to special-purpose materials, namely to the field of wear-resistant friction materials. On the other hand, the invention in the field of mechanical engineering can also be classified in the field of brakes and clutches, especially brake lining, e.g. brake pads. Furthermore, such an invention can also be classified in the field of processing and processing of powdered substances, namely the manufacture of objects or semi-finished products by means of sintering.

The present invention is primarily concerned with sintered friction materials for the manufacture of brake elements such as e.g. brake pads for cars and motorcycles, work machines and appliances. Due to the increasing demands on the friction characteristics of the brake pads in modern braking systems, their exposure to ever higher braking temperatures, the increasing demands for lower wear and tear, thanks to new available brake disc materials in recent times in the manufacture of brake lining and more in particular, the brake pads are re-enforced by sintered brake materials. The latest available brake disc materials such as aluminum-based composite materials with the addition of ceramic powders (so-called Al-MMC materials), C / C-based composite materials with SiC-based ceramic coatings, and C / SiC-based composites Due to their specificity and difference from classic disc-making materials such as gray cast iron and steel casting, the need for the development of suitable new friction materials for the manufacture of brake pads is required. Until now, no material was available that would be suitable for use with a brake element, e.g. brake pads, preferably disc brake pads, characterized by low wear and high friction coefficient at high temperatures (above 650 ° C) and loads at high sliding speeds, which represents the parameters of regular use in disc braking, e.g. modern motorcycle or other motor vehicle.

Therefore, the invention is based on the problem of how to create a sintering friction material that will be distinguished by its high friction coefficient, which should at least in the area of regular use be independent of temperature, speed and braking pressure.

It is known that for the manufacture of friction linings, namely brake pads for cars, work machines and brake elements for clutches, they also use sintered friction materials, which have become well established in the field of motorcycling. Sintered friction materials are based on a metal matrix made up of sintered copper and / or brass powders, which may consist of a combination of powdered iron and copper, mainly based on iron powder. In addition to the metal part, sintered friction materials also contain friction modifiator accessories, e.g. abrasives, metal sulfides or coke powder as well as lubricants such as e.g. graphite.

Generally sintered friction materials are composed of:

1. powdered metals (eg copper, brass, bronze, iron),

2. friction modifiers (eg alumina, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, boron carbide, boron nitride, chromium oxide, quartz, metal sulphides), and

3. Lubricant (eg graphite, molybdenum sulfide, calcium fluoride, cryolite). Considering the expected properties of the friction material in question, all sintered friction materials contain components classified into the groups mentioned above.

The basic ratios in the compositions of sintered friction materials are as follows (in mass%): 70-80% metal components,

10-20% of the friction modifier,

5-15% lubricant.

Addition of metallic borides is envisaged in accordance with U.S. Pat. No. 3,731,776, resulting in a reduction in the wear of sintered friction materials based on iron, graphite, molybdenum sulfide, silicon nitride, and ferrovolfram. The measured values of the friction coefficient are on average 0.30 - 0.35, which is significantly less than is required with modern friction materials.

Sintered friction materials are also described in US 3,703,224 and US 3,449774, which is a synergy of the effects of graphite and silicon nitride on the friction characteristics of an iron-based material (85%). The friction coefficients obtained are only 0.26 to 0.19, and thus again significantly less than is required with modern friction materials.

Further, US 3,191,278 deals with copper-based sintered friction materials with the addition of titanium, iron, SiO ₂ , molybdenum sulfide, graphite and lead. These characteristics are not listed. The effect of additives (Ti) on the sintering itself and also on the final mechanical properties of the sintered liner is mentioned.

The book Friction Materials (Recent Advances, Louis B. Newman, Noyes Data Corporation, 1987) mentions several assemblies of sintered friction materials based on iron and a combination of copper and iron. The compositions contain molybdenum sulphide and graphite additives, while SiO ₂ , silicon carbide and boron nitride are provided as the abrasive additive. The material is useful for brake pads and clutch linings, but friction properties are not specified.

The use of carbon fibers in combination with a ceramic or glass matrix with a minor addition of metallic fibers is mentioned in US 4,019,912. The purpose of this solution is to provide a temperature-resistant brake lining that will allow soft and noise-free braking with minimum use with the brake lining of the cooperating surfaces, e.g. brake discs. This composition uses carbon fibers of significantly longer lengths (10 mm), but their proportion is very high (30-40%). In this case, they are relatively long carbon fibers, e.g. from propelled hydrocarbons whose impact on friction properties is different from that on which the present invention is based.

The subject of the present invention are sintered friction materials having a high friction coefficient independent of the temperature, speed and pressure of the braking, which makes it possible to apply them to the brake elements, e.g. brake pads, preferably disc brake pads, characterized by low wear and high friction coefficient at high temperatures (above 650 ° C) and loads at high sliding speeds.

The sintered friction materials of the invention comprise a new combination of materials forming a basic metal matrix based on copper, iron with the addition of powder steel alloyed with tungsten carbides, vanadium and / or chromium, further with the addition of abrasive agents resistant to a neutral / reducing atmosphere, as well as mechanically and temperature resistant carbon fibers (0.2-1.0 mm long) in the proportions given below. Additions for sintering and frictional modifications are added to the basic metal matrix, and combined with sintering in a protective atmosphere to form a solid friction composite.

The object of the invention is also a sintered friction material consisting (by weight% by weight of the total amount of material) of

- 15% of friction modifiers, e.g. graphite, molybdenum sulfide, calcium fluoride;

- 10% friction additives, e.g. abrasive agents, e.g. silicon carbide, alumina, silicon nitride,

- 45% of copper powder and copper shavings,

-25% powdered iron with a carbon content between 0.02 and 0.05% or with copper alloy powder,

- 20% of steel powder alloyed with carbides W, V, Co and Cr,

- 5% CuSnlO bronze powder as well as from

- 10% carbon fiber, in particular 0.2 - 1.0 mm fibers.

The most preferred sintering friction material consists of (again by weight% relative to the total amount of material):

- 15% graphite of particle size 0,15-0,6 mm,

1-5% calcium fluoride,

4- 8% silicon carbide with an average particle size of 25 pm,

- 45% of copper powder with a particle size of less than 0,075 mm,

5-8% copper shavings, 60 pm thick and 3 mm long,

- 22% iron powder with a carbon content of 0.02 to 0.03% and a particle size of less than 0.15 mm, or steel (A) with a carbon content of 0.02-0.03%, and 5% Copper and a particle size of less than 0,15 mm, preferably iron powder,

- 17% steel (B) powder with a carbon content of 1,2%, chromium 4%, molybdenum 5%, vanadium 3%, tungsten 6% and a particle size less than 0,15 mm,

- 4% CuSnlO powdered bronze with 90% particle size less than 0,25 mm and 2 - 5% carbon fibers 0,2 - 1,0 mm in length.

All ingredients are known and commercially available.

Another object of the present invention is a process for the preparation of sintered friction material, which is carried out by mixing the above ingredients of the invention for the manufacture of a friction briquette in a blender for mixing powdered ingredients in a dry state. The mixing time depends on the uniform distribution of the light components in the mass. The mixture is stirred until a uniform distribution of graphite particles in the mass is achieved, which is visually assessed using a stereo microscope.

A further object of the invention are friction elements made from the friction mass of the present invention and their use at high friction loads on gray cast iron, steel cast and C / CSiC and C / SiC composite materials.

From the friction mass, prepared in the manner described above and according to the above-described proportions of the individual constituents, friction elements, in particular the brake linings, in particular the brake discs for cooperation with the brake disc and / or the brake are produced. of discs or discs. disc brakes. The process of forming and sintering the mass into the brake lining together with the carrier plate is used. The process of making a brake pad is made in several successive stages, whereby

- in the first phase, a copper layer of 10-15 pm thick copper is applied to the steel base plates,

-7- then the step of compressing and molding the masses onto the load-bearing bases is carried out in special tools at a specific pressure of 350 to 450 Mpa,

- then the brake pads with the crude stressed friction liner are folded and compressed into specially prepared yokes of refractory steel and / or inconel or graphite and sintered for one hour in a protective atmosphere of argon or a mixture of argon, nitrogen and hydrogen or endopine gases at temperatures of 900 to 1200 ° C,

- The sintered tiles are then completely finished with additional grinding, painting and finishing operations.

The brake pads made in this way are ready for testing. for installation in the respective brake assembly.

Hereinafter, without any limitation on the scope of patent protection, the invention will be further explained by some specific embodiments.

Example 1:

In the laboratory, the so-called. V-type mixer mixes 45 g of graphite with a particle size of 0.15 - 0.6 mm, 12 g of silicon carbide with an average particle size of 25 pm, 129 g of copper powder with a particle size below 0.075 mm, 60 g of powdered iron with a content carbon 0.02-0.03% and particle size below 0.15 mm, 45 g of steel (B) powder with a carbon content of 1.2%, chromium 4%, molybdenum 5%, vanadium 3%, tungsten 6% and particle sizes below 0,15 mm, 9 g of CuSnlO powder in powder with 90% of particles less than 0,25 mm and 6 g of carbon fibers 0,2 - 1,0 mm in length. From the mixture thus prepared, the brake pads, designed to engage with the disc brakes on the rear wheel of the motorcycle, the size of which was 40 x 40 mm and the friction surface were 10.2 cm ² , were made according to the procedure described above.

The friction properties of sintered brake pads made of friction mass according to the invention are tested on an automatic brake pad testing machine type Krauss RWS 75B according to our own testing programs. The results of the measurements are given in Table 1 and Table 2.

-8Example 2:

Proceed as in Example 1 except that 30 g of graphite with a particle size of 0.15 - 0.6, 15 g of calcium fluoride and 60 g of steel (A) in powder with a carbon content of 0.02 - 0.03% are used instead iron powder is 5% copper and particle size below 0.15 mm. The results of testing the friction properties of the brake linings made from the friction mass of the invention according to embodiment 2 are given in Table 1 and Table 2,

Example 3:

Proceed as in Example 1 except that 18 g of silicon carbide with an average particle size of 25 pm, 99 g of copper powder with a particle size of less than 0.075 mm and 30 g of copper fibers of 60pm x 3 mm, 39 g of steel powder (B) are used with a carbon content of 1,2%, chromium 4%, molybdenum 5%, vanadium 3%, tungsten 6% and a particle size less than 0,15 mm.

The results of testing the friction properties of the brake linings made from the friction mass of the invention according to embodiment 3 are given in Table 1.

TABLE 1

Table 1 lists the friction properties of sintered brake linings made from the friction mass of the present invention (brake disc: C / C-SiC composite). The measurement was performed at a constant rotation speed of 660 min ¹ . The friction coefficient is denoted by μ and SICOM * is a registered trademark of MS Production for the siliconized carbon / carbon composite material.

FEATURES Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 μ 200 0.66 0.60 0.63 μ 300 0.66 0.60 0.62 μ 400 0.57 0.58 0.63 μ (average) 0.62 0.59 0.63 filed work (MJ) 3.0 2.8 2.9 specific wear: 0.21 0.26 0.10 oily (g / MJ) specific wear: 51,7 70,0 30,1

volumska

Table 1

Test conditions:

Disc: φ 190 x 5.2 mm, C / C-SiC composite (SICOM®)

Brake pad: 40x40 mm

Braking system: Brembo

Effective radius; 81,4 mm

Size of tile: 10,2 cm

Tile specific pressure: 120,4 N / cm ²

Hydraulic pressure: 19.8 bar

Testing progress:

of inhibitions at const. temp. 200 ° C brakes at temp. 300 ° C brakes at const. temp. 400 ° C

Total: 90 inhibitions

-1010

Table 2 presents the friction properties of sintered brake linings made from the friction mass of the present invention and a commercial pattern (brake disc: cast iron). The measurement was made at a constant rotational speed of 660 min ' ¹ , and this time the friction coefficient is indicated by μ.

FEATURES Example 1 Example 2 Ferodo I / D459 μ 100 0.52 0.49 0.45 μ 200 0.52 0.49 0.52 μ 300 0.54 0.52 0.51 μ (average) 0.53 0.49 0.49 filed work (MJ) 1.9 1.84 1.48 specific wear: 0.23 0.38 0.21 oily (g / MJ) specific wear: 60.6 84.5 61.3 volumska

Table 2

Test conditions:

Disc: φ 190 x 3,7 mm, cast iron Brake plate: 40x40 mm Brake system: Brembo Effective radius: 81,4 mm Tile surface: 10,2 cm ² Tile specific pressure: 120,4 N / cm ² Hydraulic pressure : 19,8 bar

-1111

Testing progress:

of inhibitions at const. temp. 100 ° C 30 brakes at const. temp. 200 ° C 30 brakes at const. temp. 300 ° C Total: 90 brakes

The sintered properties of sintered materials according to Examples 1, 2 and 3 (Table 1) exchanged on C / C composite brake discs with a SiC ceramic sliding surface show that all three have a high and stable friction coefficient μ and low specific wear. The material of Example 3 has the highest measured and also the most temperature-stable friction coefficient μ at 400 ° C. This material also measured the lowest specific wear. The material of Example 1 has a higher friction coefficient μ at lower temperatures (100 - 300 ° C), which is somewhat unstable. Even in case 1, the friction material has very low specific wear. The sintered material of Example 2 contains a friction modifier with an effect at higher temperatures, so good performance at very high braking temperatures (> 600 ° C) can be expected.

Comparison of the friction properties on the classic steel brake discs (Table 2) for the friction materials of Examples 1 and 2 and the commercial Ferodo 1 / C459 sample shows that the friction properties (friction coefficient μ and specific wear) are comparable with the commercial sample. The average friction coefficient μ of the materials in Examples 1 and 2 is even higher than that of Ferodo.

The modified friction characteristics indicate that sintered friction materials of the present invention can also be successfully used on conventional brake discs, and are particularly intended for braking on new generation brake discs made of C / C-SiC and C / SiC composite materials.

Claims (16)

PATENT APPLICATIONS 1. Tomi material, namely of at least one metal or metal alloy in powder form and at least one modi fication of sintering material usable in brake linings, in particular brake pads, characterized in that it consists of a combination of materials forming the basic metal matrix based on copper, iron with the addition of powdered steel, alloyed with tungsten carbides, vanadium and / or chromium, abrasive agents which are stable in neutral / reducing atmosphere, such as mechanically and temperature resistant carbon fibers (0.2-1.0 lengths) nun) in any desired ratio, with the addition of sintering accessories and friction modifiers to the basic metal matrix, all combined with sintering in a protective atmosphere to form a solid friction composite. 2. The material according to claim 1, consisting of 5 - 15% of the friction modifiers, e.g. graphite, molybdenum sulfide, calcium fluoride; 1- 10% friction additives, e.g. abrasive agents, e.g. silicon carbide, alumina, silicon nitride, 30 - 45% of copper powder and copper shavings, 15-25% powdered iron with a carbon content between 0.02 and 0.05% or with copper alloy powder, 10-20% of steel powder alloyed with carbides W, V, Co and Cr, 1-5% CuSnlO bronze powder as well as from 1 - 10% carbon fiber, in particular fibers 0.2 - 1.0 mm long. All in% by weight based on the total amount of material. -1313 The tom material according to claim 1, consisting of 10 - 15% graphite of particle size 0.15-0.6 mm, 1 - 5% calcium fluoride, 4-8% silicon carbide with an average particle size of 25 pm, 40 - 45% of powdered copper with a particle size of less than 0,075 mm, 5 - 8% of copper shavings, 60 pm thick and 3 mm long, 18-22% of powdered iron with a carbon content between 0.02 and 0.03% and a particle size of less than 0.15 mm, or steel (A) with a carbon content of 0.02 - 0.03%, and 5 % copper and a particle size of less than 0,15 mm, preferably iron powder, 12-17% of steel (B) powder with a carbon content of 1,2%, chromium 4%, molybdenum 5%, vanadium 3%, tungsten 6% and a particle size less than 0,15 mm, 2 - 4% of powdered CuSnlO powder with 90% of particles smaller than 0,25 mm, and 2 - 5% carbon fibers 0.2 - 1.0 mm long, all by weight based on the total amount of material, 4. A process for the preparation of sintered friction material, characterized in that - in the first step in the blender, mix the components for the preparation of the friction material to a uniform distribution, namely a combination of materials forming a basic metal matrix based on copper, iron with the addition of powder steel alloyed with tungsten carbides, vanadium and / or chromium, abrasive agents, stable in neutral / reducing atmosphere and mechanically and temperature resistant carbon fibers of 0.2-1.0 mm in each desired ratio, with the addition of sintering and friction modification additives to the basic metal matrix, -1414 - thereafter, said components for preparing the friction material are applied to a pre-prepared copper-coated surface coating, compressing and forming the mass on said carrier in specially designed tools at a specific pressure of 350 to 450 MPa for this purpose, - the crude powder coating applied to said supports is then compressed in tools made of refractory steel and / or inconel or graphite and sintered for one hour in a protective atmosphere of argon or a mixture of argon, nitrogen and hydrogen or endopine gases at temperatures from 900 to 1200 ° C, - afterwards, the present friction material is optionally subjected to final molding with additional grinding operations and, where necessary, painting. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that - in the first step in the mixer mixes the ingredients for the preparation of the friction material to their even distribution, viz. 5 - 15% of friction modifiers, e.g. graphite, molybdenum sulfide, calcium fluoride; 1- 10% friction additives, e.g. abrasive agents, e.g. silicon carbide, alumina, silicon nitride, 30-45% of copper powder and copper shavings, 15 - 25% of powdered iron with a carbon content of 0.02 to 0.05% or of copper alloy powder, 10-20% of steel powder alloyed with carbides W, V, Co and Cr, 1-5% CuSnlO bronze powder as well as from 1 - 10% of carbon fibers, in particular fibers of length 0.2 - 1.0 mm, all by weight based on the total amount of material, - thereafter, the aforementioned constituents for the preparation of the friction material are applied to a pre-prepared copper-coated surface-coating material, and -1515 compressing and molding the mass onto said support in specially designed tools at a specific pressure of 350 to 450 MPa, - the crude powder coating applied to said supports is then compressed in tools made of refractory steel and / or inconel or graphite and sintered for one hour in a protective argon atmosphere or a mixture of argon, nitrogen and hydrogen or endopine gases at temperatures from 900 to 1200 ° C, - afterwards, the present friction material is optionally subjected to final molding with additional grinding operations and, where necessary, painting. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that - in the first step in the mixer mixes the ingredients for the preparation of the friction material to their even distribution, viz. 10 - 15% graphite of particle size 0.15-0.6 mm, 1 - 5% calcium fluoride, 4 - 8% silicon carbide with an average particle size of 25 pm, 40 - 45% of powdered copper with a particle size of less than 0,075 mm, 5 - 8% of copper shavings, 60 pm thick and 3 mm long, 18-22% of powdered iron with a carbon content between 0.02 and 0.03% and a particle size of less than 0.15 mm, or steel (A) with a carbon content of 0.02 - 0.03%, and 5 % copper and a particle size of less than 0,15 mm, preferably iron powder, 12-17% of steel (B) powder with a carbon content of 1,2%, chromium 4%, molybdenum 5%, vanadium 3%, tungsten 6% and a particle size less than 0,15 mm, 2 - 4% of CuSnlO powdered bronze with 90% of particles smaller than 0.25 mm, and 2-5% of carbon fibers of 0.2 - 1.0 mm in length, all by weight based on the total amount of material, -1616 - thereafter, said components for preparing the friction material are applied to a pre-prepared copper-coated surface coating, compressing and forming the mass on said carrier in specially designed tools at a specific pressure of 350 to 450 MPa for this purpose, - the crude powder coating applied to said supports is then compressed in tools made of refractory steel and / or inconel or graphite and sintered for one hour in a protective atmosphere of argon or a mixture of argon, nitrogen and hydrogen or endopine gases at temperatures from 900 to 1200 ° C, - afterwards, the present friction material is optionally subjected to final molding with additional grinding operations and, where necessary, painting. 7. Brake liner consisting of at least one support and at least one surface layer of friction material, characterized in that the friction material consists of a combination of materials forming a base metal matrix based on copper, iron with the addition of powder steel alloyed with tungsten carbides , vanadium and / or chromium, abrasive agents that are stable in a neutral / reducing atmosphere, such as mechanically and temperature resistant carbon fibers (0.2 - 1.0 mm in length) in any desired ratio, with basic metal dies being added also sintering accessories and friction modifiers, all combined with sintering in a protective atmosphere to form a solid friction composite. Brake liner according to claim 7, characterized in that its friction material consists of 5-15% friction modifiers, e.g. graphite, molybdenum sulfide, calcium fluoride; 1- 10% friction additives, e.g. abrasive agents, e.g. silicon carbide, alumina, silicon nitride, 30 - 45% of copper powder and copper shavings, -1717 15 - 25% of powdered iron with a carbon content of 0.02 to 0.05% or of copper alloy powder, 10 - 20% of powder steel alloyed with carbides W, V, Co and Cr, 1-5% CuSnlO bronze powder as well as from 1 -10% carbon fiber, especially fibers 0.2 - 1.0 mm long, all by weight based on the total amount of material. Brake liner according to claim 7, characterized in that its friction material consists of 10 - 15% graphite of particle size 0.15-0.6 mm, 1 - 5% calcium fluoride, 4- 8% silicon carbide with an average particle size of 25 pm, 40 - 45% of powdered copper with a particle size of less than 0,075 mm, 5-8% copper shavings, 60 pm thick and 3 mm long, 18-22% of powdered iron with a carbon content between 0.02 and 0.03% and a particle size of less than 0.15 mm, or steel (A) with a carbon content of 0.02 - 0.03%, and 5 % copper and particle mass less than 0,15 mm, preferably iron powder, 12-17% of steel (B) powder with a carbon content of 1,2%, chromium 4%, molybdenum 5%, vanadium 3%, tungsten 6% and a particle size less than 0,15 mm, 2 - 4% CuSnlO powdered bronze with 90% particles smaller than 0.25 mm and 2 - 5% carbon fibers 0.2-1.0 mm in length, all by weight based on the total amount of material. 10. A brake lining, namely a brake pad consisting of at least one base plate, which is adapted, on the one hand, to securely secure the space available for each purpose in the braking assembly of the carrier and, on the other hand, to receive the space available at each time. -1818 a friction layer designed to engage with each part of the brake assembly, in particular the brake disc disc, characterized in that the friction layer is pre-assembled with a copper-based surface layer, in particular 10 to 15 pm to a thick copper surface layer, and that the friction layer consists of a combination of materials forming a base metal matrix based on copper, iron with the addition of powdered tungsten carbides, vanadium and / or chromium, abrasive agents which are neutral / reduction atmosphere, such as mechanically and thermally stable carbon fibers (0.2 - 1.0 mm long) in any desired distance, with additives for sintering and friction modification added to the basic metal matrix, all combined with sintering in protective atmosphere bonded into a solid friction composite. Brake liner according to claim 10, characterized in that the friction material layer consists of 5 - 15% of friction modifiers, e.g. graphite, molybdenum sulfide, calcium fluoride; 1- 10% friction additives, e.g. abrasive agents, e.g. silicon carbide, alumina, silicon nitride, 30 - 45% of copper powder and copper shavings, 15 - 25% of powdered iron with a carbon content of 0.02 to 0.05% or of copper alloyed powder, 10 - 20% of powder steel alloyed with carbides W, V, Co and Cr, 1-5% CuSnlO bronze powder as well as from 1 - 10% carbon fiber, in particular 0.2 - 1.0 mm long fibers, all by weight based on the total amount of material. -1919 Brake liner according to claim 10, characterized in that the friction material layer consists of 10 -15% graphite of particle size 0.15-0.6 mm, 1 - 5% calcium fluoride, 4-8% silicon carbide with an average particle size of 25 pm, 40 - 45% of powdered copper with a particle size of less than 0,075 mm, 5 - 8% of copper shavings, 60 pm thick and 3 mm long, 18-22% of powdered iron with a carbon content between 0.02 and 0.03% and a particle size of less than 0.15 mm, or steel (A) with a carbon content of 0.02 - 0.03%, and 5 % copper and a particle size of less than 0,15 mm, preferably iron powder, 12-17% of steel (B) powder with a carbon content of 1,2%, chromium 4%, molybdenum 5%, vanadium 3%, tungsten 6% and a particle size of less than 0,15 mm, 2-4% CuSnlO powder bronze with 90% particle size less than 0.25 mm, and 2-5% carbon fiber 0.2 - 1.0 mm in length, all by weight based on the total amount of material. 13. A method of manufacturing a brake lining, in particular a brake pad comprising at least one base plate, which is adapted, on the one hand, to securely secure the space available in the bracket for each purpose and on the other to receive the friction layer available at each time. , which is intended to cooperate with each part of the brake assembly, in particular the brake disc of the disc brake, preferably a cast iron disc, steel cast iron or a C / C-SiC and C / SiC based composite disc, Yes - a copper layer of 10-15 pm thick copper is initially applied to the pre-prepared base plate of steel sheet, -2020 - then the step of compressing and molding the friction mass onto said base plate is performed in a specially designed tool at a specific pressure of 350 to 450 MPa, - thereafter, the brake pads with the crude stressed friction liner are folded and compressed into specially prepared yokes of refractory steel and / or inconel or graphite and then sintered for one hour in a protective atmosphere of argon or a mixture of argon, nitrogen and hydrogen or endopine gases at temperatures from 900 to 1200 ° C, - after which the sintered tiles are finally formed by additional grinding, dyeing and finishing operations, said friction mass consisting of a combination of materials forming a base metal matrix based on copper, iron with the addition of powdered steel alloyed with tungsten carbides, vanadium and / or chromium, a non-abrasive / abrasive abrasive agent such as mechanically and thermally stable carbon fibers (0.2 to 1.0 mm in length) in any desired ratio. A method of manufacturing a brake lining according to claim 13, characterized in that - a copper layer of 10-15 pm thick copper is initially applied to the pre-prepared base plate of steel sheet, - then the step of compressing and molding the friction mass onto said base plate is performed in a specially designed tool at a specific pressure of 350 to 450 MPa, - thereafter, the brake pads with the crude stressed friction liner are folded and compressed into specially prepared yokes of refractory steel and / or inconel or graphite and then sintered for one hour in a protective atmosphere of argon or a mixture of argon, nitrogen and hydrogen or endopine gases at temperatures from 900 to 1200 ° C, - after which the sintered tiles are finally formed by additional grinding, painting and finishing operations, said friction mass consisting of 5 - 15% of friction modifiers, e.g. graphite, molybdenum sulfide, calcium fluoride; -2121 1- 10% friction additives, e.g. abrasive agents, e.g. silicon carbide, alumina, silicon nitride, 30 - 45% of copper powder and copper shavings, 15-25% powdered iron with a carbon content between 0.02 and 0.05% or with copper alloy powder, 10-20% of steel powder alloyed with carbides W, V, Co and Cr, 1-5% CuSnlO bronze powder as well as from 1 - 10% carbon fiber, in particular 0.2 - 1.0 mm long fibers, all by weight based on the total amount of material. A method of manufacturing a brake lining according to claim 13, characterized in that - a 10-15 μπι thick copper layer is first applied to the pre-prepared base plate of steel sheet, - then the step of compressing and molding the friction mass onto said base plate is performed in a specially designed tool at a specific pressure of 350 to 450 MPa, - thereafter, the brake pads with the crude stressed friction liner are folded and compressed into specially prepared yokes of refractory steel and / or inconel or graphite and then sintered for one hour in a protective atmosphere of argon or a mixture of argon, nitrogen and hydrogen or endopine gases at temperatures from 900 to 1200 ° C, - after which the sintered tiles are finally formed by additional grinding, painting and finishing operations, said friction mass consisting of 10 - 15% graphite of particle size 0.15-0.6 mm, 1-5% calcium fluoride, 4- 8% silicon carbide with an average particle size of 25 μπι, 40 - 45% of copper powder with a particle size less than 0,075 mm, 5-8% copper shavings, 60 pm thick and 3 mm long, 18 - 22% iron powder with a carbon content of 0.02 to 0.03% and a particle size of less than 0.15 mm, or steel (A) powder with a content of