SE545435C2 - Reactor with shaft cooling - Google Patents

Abstract

Reactor (1) for extraction or recovery of hydrocarbon products from hydrocarbon-containing material by decomposition and gasification of the material in a reactor housing (2), comprising in a rotor shaft (5) axially running channels (31, 32) which are in flow connection with a cooling medium.

Description

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Devices and methods for this purpose have previously been described in the patent literature, see for example patents SE 537 075 C2, SE 536 795 C2, SE 534 399 C2 and PCT WO 2014/098746 A1. In this context, US 6 165 349 A should also be mentioned.

BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART - publication no.

Since the process is mainly known through description in previous patent documents, only a summary of the working principle of a reactor set up for agitation or grinding of hydrocarbon-containing material during development of heat in and for gasification of hydrocarbon products contained in the material will be given here. Process material is fed to a reactor house, which can be in the form of plastic or rubber waste, other hydrocarbon-based waste products or hydrocarbon-contaminated soil or sand for grinding, atomization, agitation and with the help of a rotating rotor in the reactor house. The material is broken up by the kinetic energy developed by the rotor, whereby longer hydrocarbon chains and larger hydrocarbon molecules in the process material are broken by the agitation of the rotor and by the frictional heat generated between the particles in the finely divided and swirling material. Where appropriate, inorganic material such as sand, glass or metal powder can be fed into the reactor housing to increase friction and raise the temperature. Hydrocarbon compounds, water and other organic matter present are gasified whereby gas and solid fractions are separated by the centrifugal force generated by the rotor so that gas can be discharged from a central part of the reactor housing while remaining solid material can be discharged from a peripheral part of the reactor housing.

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We.-_-\.-\' - _-._-\.-\-\."§. _ _ \.-\.». ___. __ ._ \.;..._.\_ ..._ . .-__ _. _. .._.. _ ..-_ . _-_...\.š._š.-\ _-._-..... _.. _-."_- ... .w .- .. . .'«_~.. --\\..... _ xx. \_~._\ ..- §.3..-__ .___ \.~..~__ ._.\ ~__...\._. _..-_ _ ._. ...__ ..\_<.-..~\.\\.. .- A fekzrèi problem in this context is that the process temperature in the reactor housing, which can reach the order of magnitude of about 500 °C , spreads in the rotor shaft and risks affecting shaft bearings and shaft seals in the reactor.

A tsßssßaestf object of the invention is to provide a solution to this problem.

This purpose is met by the fact that the invention designates a reactor for the extraction or recovery of hydrocarbon products from hydrocarbon-containing material, comprising a cylindrical reactor housing which extends axially between a first/rear end wall and a second/front end wall, a rotatably arranged rotor in the reactor housing which is driven for rotation by means of a motor and a rotor shaft coaxially aligned with the reactor housing extending into the reactor housing through the first/rear end wall, to which reactor housing process material is fed radially or axially via an inlet to the reactor housing, gasified hydrocarbon products are axially discharged through a in the second/front the end wall centrally opening reactor gas outlet, and remaining solid process material is discharged via a peripherally opening residual material outlet in the reactor housing, whereby at least a piece of the rotor shaft between the motor and the rotor is formed with channels running in the longitudinal direction of the rotor shaft which are in flow connection with a cooling medium. a cooling medium supply and a cooling medium drain respectively arranged in a swivel rotatably mounted on the rotor shaft. Consequently, a coolant circulation is provided in the rotor shaft which ensures a high cooling effect.

The swivel can be supported on a free end of the rotor shaft protruding from a gear housing, whereby the cooling channels in the rotor shaft can extend from said free end to the area of the introduction of the rotor shaft through the rear end wall of the reactor housing. More specifically, the cooling channels in the rotor shaft can have a sufficient extent to achieve cooling of an area of the rotor shaft that is sealed against the environment when the rotor shaft is introduced through the rear end wall of the reactor housing. This seal preferably includes an active seal box to which a fluid is fed at a higher pressure than the prevailing pressure in the reactor housing.

It is preferred that the cooling channels in the rotor shaft at least extend for cooling an area or a length of the rotor shaft which is rotatably supported and supported in a reactor stand.

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"__ _.. _.___.. _.- __ __ BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING FIGURES Embodiment examples of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to attached schematic drawing figures, of which Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal cross-section through a reactor, Fig. 2 shows a broken away cross section through reactor housing with rotorkgfigçšfi Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a rotor in perspective___:~__<1:š>: _.. __: .- .__ .x _ ___ . ti» .w ~~=\ ww .~ > _» v» _ _ _ »x :x ~~ .wš- - »i .w l .- »_55 _ _ - _ _ _ _ ___ _._.t.__¿__.». .- ___. .\.-__.-__\.-\ _-_.»_ _-».~_.:.-\ ~- _ _»\».\_\ _>.-__\_ -.. _ ~___ .~___¿._.___. _. __ ~_ _ .______. ___ _ __~. __ _ . _. . ~... _. _. ..._ ________ y.-___ . __.. ___ . ._«__ .__-_ .~~ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ .~\.-\~\.~\. a w ~ ~.~_ .w - ~*~ .\.. ___ _ .ß-x "m_- l ~'\ »° ~~ .~ .-.>\.»\ ~ '~_»\ __~.. .____.. _ _- ïa _ -. ...__ __ _...____ . _~ ..._ .__-___..____-..._..___.___ DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A reactor 1 comprises a rotor 3 rotatably arranged in a cylindrical reactor housing 2. The rotor 3 is driven in rotation by a motor 4 via a rotor shaft 5. The l\/lotor 4 can be driven electrically, with diesel, or gasoline, or with another energy source. The speed of the engine can be reduced to a suitable rotor speed for the reactor through a gear 6 in a gear housing 7. A suitable rotor speed may typically be in the order of 400 to 600 revolutions per minute. The rotor shaft 5 is, with the help of two sets of bearings 8 and 9 respectively, radially and axially stored in a reactor stand 10. From its storage in the reactor stand, the rotor shaft 5 cantilever extends into the reactor housing 2 via a centrally located penetration in a first/rear end wall 11 of the reactor housing. The rotor shaft and the rotor 3 are hereby coaxially aligned with the reactor housing. The introduction of the rotor shaft through the end wall 11 is sealed against the environment by means of a sealing box 12 with seals lying in contact with the rotor shaft 5. The sealing box 12 can be of an active type to which a fluid, for example nitrogen gas or other inert medium, is fed, at a pressure that is higher than that in the reactor housing, during operation, the prevailing pressure, in order to prevent leakage of gasified hydrocarbon products out of the reactor housing, along the rotor shaft.

The reactor housing 2 comprises a cylindrical casing 13 which extends axially between the first/rear end wall 11 and a second/front end wall 14. The reactor housing is supported in the reactor by the fact that the first/rear end wall 11 is firmly connected to the reactor stand 10, for example by means of a bolted connection The rotor 3 comprises a number of rotor arms 16 which are non-rotatingly mounted on the rotor shaft and extend radially outward from it. At their outer ends, the rotor arms support a hingedly arranged rotor arm tip or hammer 17. The rotor arms 16 can be distributed around the rotor shaft in groups of, for example, three, following one another in a number of mutually offset turns so that the rotor exhibits a spiral structure, see Fig. 3. This construction means that the rotor arm tips or hammers 17 are evenly distributed over the periphery of the rotor in both the axial direction and in the circumferential direction..

For reasons that have already been explained above, the casing 13 and rotor 3 of the reactor housing 2 are dimensioned with respect to their radii so that a free space/an annular volume is formed between them and a circumferential gap D which has a radial depth of at least about 3 cm and at most approx. 6 cm from the inside of the reactor housing. As a result, during operation of the reactor, an essentially cylinder-shaped layer L of solid particles is formed on the outside of the rotor, see Fig. 2. The rotor's high tangential speed Vi, which can be in the order of 30 - 40 m/s, causes a strong agitation and stirring in the inner the boundary surface of the layer L. In this area, an efficient mechanical breakdown and grinding/finishing of solid material down to a minimum particle size of the order of a few thousandths of a millimeter is achieved.

During operation, process material can be fed into the reactor housing via a radially opening inlet through the reactor housing's cylindrical casing (not shown), or as in the design example via an axially opening process material inlet 18 taken up in the front end wall 14. After processing in the reactor housing, the remaining process material is removed, i.e. not gasified material, via a peripherally opening residual material outlet in the reactor housing, and is transported from there through a tangentially connecting transport pipe In the process, gasified hydrocarbons are taken out in the axial direction via a centrally located, axially opening reactor gas outlet 20 in the front end wall 14. This solution is facilitated by the fact that the rotor shaft 5 stretches self-supporting into the reactor housing without the need for support from the front end wall 14. The solution also means that the rotor 3 can be extended backwards and utilize the entire length of the reactor housing up to the rear end wall 11, since the partition wall inside the reactor housing, which was required in previous solutions according to known technology to separate a gas outlet located there from the process in the reactor house, can now be avoided. This solution thus provides a larger effective process volume in the reactor housing or chamber and the load on the shaft 5 and the bearings 8, 9 becomes more favorable as the load is centered closer to the suspension in the bearings 8. To the front end wall connects a gas/particle separator device 21 which is set up for to separate accompanying solid particles in the gas from the reactor housing and directly return these to the reactor housing in the opposite direction to the axially flowing out gas.

The gas/particle separator device 21 consists of a cylindrical tube 22 that is open to the reactor gas outlet 20. An outlet 23 for gas flowing through the tube is occupied in an opposite end, facing away from the reactor housing. The outlet 23 of the pipe opens mainly radially into the wall of the pipe and can via a transport line 24 be in flow connection with a downstream after-treatment device (not shown). In the tube 22, a feed screw 25 is arranged and driven for rotation by means of a motor, such as an electric motor 26. A drive shaft extends from the motor 26 through a sealed bearing housing 28 connected to the front end of the tube 22. As indicated above, the finishing device t eg be in the form of a condensation unit, distillation unit or a combustion unit. The auger 25 has a spirally twisted blade and is driven by the motor 26 to feed solid material particles entering the tube 22 to the reactor housing. The feed screw 25 is driven at high speed, preferably in the order of 2500 - 3500 rpm, in order to achieve, through centrifugal action, a radial stratification and separation of solid particles and gas before the gas reaches the outlet 23 in the wall of the pipe. The transport of the gas through the pipe 22 is promoted by the relative negative pressure that exists in the transport line. A free end 29 of the feed screw 25 extends past the open end of the pipe to reach a distance into the reactor housing via the reactor gas outlet 20, such as 10 - 40 mm. The design is made possible by the fact that the rotor shaft 5 extends cantilever into the reactor housing, effectively supported by the reactor stand 10 and supported by the two bearing sets 8 and placed outside the reactor housing. In this preferred embodiment, the feed screw can throw the fed solid particles radially outward in front of the rotor (viewed in a direction from rotor 3 to motor 4).

Thereby, the particles are fed to the process some distance outside the rotor shaft and are prevented from directly reversing with the gas stream out of the reactor housing.

From a free end 30 of the rotor shaft 5 protruding from the gear housing 7, a pair of longitudinally parallel channels 31 and 32 extend, internally in the rotor shaft, which are interconnected by a transition 33 in a front area of the rotor shaft. The channels 31 and 32 extend in the longitudinal direction up to or somewhat past the part of the rotor shaft which is surrounded by the sealing box 12. It also follows from this that the cooling channels extend for cooling the rotor shaft in the part of it which is stored and supported in the reactor stand. At the opposite end, the channels 31 and 32 are in flow connection with a cooling medium which can circulate through the channels for cooling the rotor shaft. The channels 31 and 32 serve as inflow and return flow channels for cooling medium from/to a cooling medium supply, and are individually in flow connection with a cooling medium supply 34 and a cooling medium drain, respectively, arranged in a swivel rotatably supported on the rotor shaft. The cooling contributes to a lower temperature in the rotor shaft at the sealing box 12 and at the bearings 8, 9, which increases the service life of these components and provides better economy and operational reliability compared to known technology. The invention is of course not limited to the embodiments described above, but can be varied within the scope of subsequent patent claims.

Claims (1)

1.---- -Reactor (1) for the extraction or recovery of hydrocarbon products from hydrocarbon-containing material, comprising a cylindrical reactor housing (2) extending axially between a rear, first end wall (11) and a front, second end wall (14) , a rotatably arranged rotor (3) in the reactor housing which is driven for rotation by means of a motor (4) and a rotor shaft (5) aligned coaxially with the reactor housing which extends into the reactor housing through the rear end wall (11), to which reactor housing process material is fed in radially or axially (18) via an inlet to the reactor housing, gasified hydrocarbon products are discharged axially via a reactor gas outlet (20) opening centrally in the front end wall, and residual solid process material is discharged via a residual material outlet (19) opening peripherally in the reactor housing, characterized in that at least a piece of the rotor shaft (5) between the motor (4) and the rotor (3) is shaped with the šN of the rotor shaft. g__running channels (31, 32) which are in flow connection with a longitudinal cooling medium».» f' »i \ _. _.\»\ _. w v. lv i 3 Qvfš QS: * \ individually are in flow connection with a cooling medium supply (34) and a cooling medium drainage (35) respectively arranged in a rotatable bearing (36) on the rotor shaft (5). ¿_ê_s_*3__ (36) is supported on a free end (30) of the rotor shaft protruding from a gear housing (7), and the cooling channels (31, 32) in the rotor shaft extend from said free end to the area of the introduction of the rotor shaft through the rear end wall of the reactor housing (11). -~'lflf§,____\__\________Reactor according to claim 3, wherein the cooling channels (31, 32) in the rotor shaft extend for cooling an area of the rotor shaft (5) which is sealed (12) against the environment at the introduction of the rotor shaft through the rear reactor housing end wall (11). Reactor according to any of claims 1 - 4, wherein the cooling channels (31, 32) in the rotor shaft extend for cooling a length of the rotor shaft (5) which is rotatably supported (8, 9) and supported in a reactor stand (10).