SE529294C2 - Building elements for walls comprising cement-bonded wood wool, process for making such a building element, molding and method for construction of buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

Construction elements for walls comprising cement-bound wood wool with chases arranged in the upper edge and along the sides. The construction elements are manufactured of a mixture of wood wool, cement and water, with a weight ratio between wood wool and cement of 1:1.88 and 1:1.92, which is cast in steel moulds. The finished elements have a density of 200-300 kg/m3. A construction system for small buildings comprises the above-described construction elements, which are laterally joined with vertical, concrete columns moulded on site as well as a horizontal ring beam which is cast on site in the upper edge of the element. The elements are placed on the bedding with aid of a guiding rail made by perforated plate and are attached using plaster. The rafters are anchored in a capping piece by aid of angle steel.

Description

529 294 recesses in the sides of the elements. Lifting straps are cast into each side of the element to enable handling after curing and during assembly. To obtain the intended density, the wood wool mass is weighed continuously while the molds are being filled. The wood wool mass is then placed evenly over the surface of the horizontal mold so that an even density is obtained. When all the wood wool mass has been distributed, the molds are slightly overfilled. The mass is compacted by stacking the molds on top of each other, the underside of the overlying mold forming a lid to the underlying mold. On the top form is placed a mold lid and on top of this concrete weights of a weight of about 1 ton / mz. Removal can take place after 24 hours. The elements are then raised and set to dry. Any window openings are normally sawn out after the elements have hardened, but the elements can also be cast with holes for windows. Doors and large window sections are placed between two wall elements. The upper edge of the wall element is phased out for support for U-shaped beams according to Figure 14. In both sides of the window and door openings, mounting plates are applied as a base for infzistiiing. In this mounting plate, windows and doors can be fastened with frame hinges. The solid wall elements can be delivered to the construction site as soon as they have hardened to sufficient strength and dried out to the intended density. The ready-to-deliver elements have a density of 200--300 kg / m ”(exact density can vary between different buildings and depends on the desired thermal insulation).

Building systems For detached houses, walls are made of wooden wool elements by placing the prefabricated elements directly on the foundation, normally on an edge beam. The elements are attached to the base by placing them in a string of mortar at the inside of the wall. When the elements are placed next to each other, a vertical heel space with a square cross-section with a side of 70 mm is formed through the V-shaped recesses, see fi g. 3. The elements are held in place temporarily with a U-shaped sheet metal. The elements joined gas laterally by casting concrete columns in the vertical cavities. In addition to joining the elements, the concrete pillars have the task of giving the wall the required vertical load-bearing capacity. Then a 160 mm high and 100 mm wide concrete beam (such as a hammer band / ring beam) is cast in the recess in the upper part of the elements. This beam is reinforced together with the concrete pillars. The hammer band may be made as a higher beam if loads need to be distributed over large windows. The trusses are anchored in the harness band with the help of angle steel which are either cast into the male band or alternatively screwed on. Windows and doors are fastened with standard frame screws and plugs in mounting plates according to fi gur-10.

As plaster surface treatment, either plaster or plasterboard is used. Plaster is preferably reinforced with welded reinforcing mesh of galvanized, alternatively stainless, steel wire.

The reinforcement is placed in the outer plaster layer. A reinforcement mesh is also applied over the telement slabs in the primer. In this way, double reinforcement is achieved over the element carvings. In case plasterboard is used, these are glued to the wall with plaster.

The joints between the boards are sealed by laying a string of gypsum mortar between the wood wool elements and the gypsum boards along the entire joint.

Externally, the surface treatment consists of plaster, which is modified in the same way as internal plaster, or other type of facade material. Murkrön and window heel are windproofed with utility slats.

If a non-airtight façade material, such as wood paneling or façade bricks, is used, the outside of the masonry must be airtight by sludge.

Electrical pipes are folded into the masonry by milling out grooves (which led to, for example, lightweight concrete walls).

Light attachments to the wall, such as paintings, are made in the plaster layer (alternatively the plasterboard) with a plastic plug, molly plug or rubber expander. For heavier fixtures, such as kitchen cabinets and wall-mounted bookshelves, sheet metal profiles are used which are placed in slotted grooves in the wall.

Alternatively, screw plugs or injection molds can be used.

Further details of the construction system can be found in the description of ur gurblad below and in the patent claims. 529 294 3 Brief description of the ur gures Figure 1 shows an example of a section of steel mold (1. 1) for casting full-wall elements of cement-bonded wood wool. In the sides of the form, triangular strips (1 .2) are applied to provide the V-shaped recess in the ends of the elements according to Figure 3.

Figure 2 shows examples of casting of full-wall elements in section. Two ly fi straps (2.1), which are attached to a round timber (2.2), are cast into the element. At the top of the form, a plate shape (2.3) is applied to achieve the rectangular recess according to Figure 4.

Figure 3 shows how the V-shaped recesses (3. 1) at the ends of the elements form a rectangular hollow tube (3,2) intended for a cast-in-place concrete pillar which joins the elements.

Figure 4 shows the rectangular recess (4.1) in the upper surface of the wall elements and the temporary joining of the wall elements with U-shaped sheet metal sheets (4.2).

Figure 5 shows examples of finished full-wall elements with sawn-out window openings seen in perspective and how the element is applied to the foundation. Figure 6 shows the guide rail of perforated sheet metal (6.1) attached to the concrete slab.

Figure 7 shows examples of how a wood wool element (7. 1) is glued to the substrate with cement-based mortar (7 .2).

Figure 8 shows the joining of the wood wool elements with cast-in-place concrete columns (8.l).

A stud of rebar is basically anchored in the element joint (8.2).

Figure 9 shows how the hammer strip is cast (9.l) in the upper side of the elements saint is reinforced with reinforcing steel (9.2). Figure 10 shows examples of fasteners (101) for windows and doors.

Figure 11 shows examples of attachment of a truss in the armrest band by attaching angle fittings (1 1.1) in both the ring beam and the truss. The underside of the roof truss is protected with a moisture barrier (11.2).

Figure 12 shows electric pipes and boxes (l2.1) which are milled into the masonry and left with mortar (12.2) before the surface layer is applied.

Figure 13 shows a section of a wall of wood wool tolerant which has been surface-treated with exterior (13. 1) and internally reinforced plaster (13.2) and the windproof utility sludge on the wall crest (1 3.3).

Figure 14 shows a U-shaped beam (14.1) which is applied between two wall elements.

The upper edge of the element is bevelled (l4.2) for balustrade Detailed description of preferred embodiments In the invented production method, molds according to fi figure 1 are used to cast full-wall elements of cement-bonded wood wool according to fi figure 2. The elements are cast with grooves in the sides of the element according to figure 3 to enable: joining the elements laterally.

The elements are manufactured with a recess in the upper edge according to fi figure 4 to enable casting of the armband / ring beam. Window openings are sawn out of the finished elements, see Figure 5.

In the reinforced building system, the wood wool element is placed on the base according to fi gur 6 against a guide rail of perforated sheet metal and fastened according to fi gur 7 in a string of mortar. The elements are joined according to Figure 8 by casting concrete columns in the joints between the elements. A harness band is cast in concrete on top of the wall crest according to fi figure 9 in such a way that it is reinforced together with the concrete pillars. Windows and doors are fastened by means of a frame screw in sheet metal mounting rails according to fi gur 10. The roof trusses are fastened to the armrest band according to fi gur ll.

Electrical cables are folded into the masonry according to fi figure 12. Internal and external plaster is applied in accordance with fi figure 13. Plaster must be reinforced with welded reinforcement mesh of galvanized, or alternatively stainless, steel wire.

Claims (12)

10 15 20 25 30 529 294 * i KRAV Building elements for walls comprising: cement-bonded wood wool, said elements being made from a homogeneous mass of wood wool, water and cement, characterized in that said element as finished product has a density of 200-300 kg / mß. Building element according to claim 1, characterized in that a V-shaped recess (3.1) is arranged in the side of said element in such a way that when two elements are placed next to each other, a vertical cavity with a square cross-section is formed between the two elements. Building element according to claim 2, characterized in that a V-shaped recess is arranged in the upper side of said element, and in that said element has a thickness of 150-400 mm. Building element according to claim 3, characterized in that an opening for a window or a door is arranged in said element, and that one or two fasteners are arranged on both sides of the adjacent opening. A method of manufacturing building elements by means of wood wool and cement comprising the following steps: - arranging molds for casting said elements; - to arrange wood wool by planing spruce with a special planer; - to moisten said wood wool; - to prepare wood wool pulp by mixing moistened wood wool with cement; - to ensure that said wood wool pulp is mixed in a weight ratio between wet wood wool and cement of 1: 9, 9. The method of claim 5 further comprising the steps of: - filling mixed wood wool pulp in said form; 10 15 20 25 30 529 294 S - to continuously weigh wood wool pulp while the mold is being filled; - to fill the snake lying down; - that the mold is slightly overfilled; - placing fl your filled molds on top of each other to effect compaction; - to arrange a mold lid on the top mold; - to arrange concrete weights on top of said mold lid to a weight of about 1 ton / mz. 7. Mold for the manufacture of building elements: cement-bonded wood wool, characterized in that said mold has a size suitable for the manufacture of high-walled wall elements, ie in the order of 6x2.4x0.4 m. Mold according to claim 7, characterized in that said mold is provided with at least one rule (1.2) with a triangular cross-section, arranged at one or both of the ends of the mold to create V-shaped recesses in the building elements which are cast by means of said giutfonn. Mold according to claim 8, characterized in that an adjustable mold (23) is arranged in the upper edge of the mold to create a recess in the upper edge of the building element. Method for the construction of buildings, characterized by the following steps: - to fasten building elements according to claim 1 wild substrate by means of mortar; - joining said elements laterally by pouring a concrete pillar into place in the vertical cavities formed by the recesses arranged in the elements according to claim 2; - to cast in place a hammer band in concrete intended for fastening trusses in recesses in the upper part of the building element .. A method for erecting buildings according to claim 9, characterized by the further step: r - 529 294 6 - convection sealing said elements with mortar. Method for erecting buildings according to claim 10, characterized by the further step: 5 - arranging double layers of reinforcement mesh in the surface plaster over the joint between two elements.