SE459777B - PROCEDURES FOR PLANTING OF VEGETABLE GROWTH PLANTS - Google Patents

Description

Test data refer to plants planted by traditional technology as well as by the method according to the invention and both are compared with the optimum values.

This refers to dry substances.

Table 1.

Nutrient- Optimal Planting content value with traditional with water- _ process absorption process Nitrogen weight% 2.50 2.50 2.30 Phosphorus "0.25 0.24 0.19 Potassium" 1.50 1.50 1.27 Calcium "1.70 1.80 2.00 Magnesium" 0.40 0.37 0.39 Iron ppm 200 130 105 Manganese ppm 120 125 95 zinc ppm 60 44 20 Copper ppm 15 11 8 Boron ppm 60 59 51 Molybdenum ppm 0 0.8 0.8 1.0 Various researchers described similar results, but during the course of their studies, the intensive growth of the plants was not due to the optional amount of water used but to the large amount of nitrogen fertilizer. (Vagoor, Lehrbuch der Pflanzen- physiologie, VEB Gustav Verlag, Jena 1979, pp. 137-138 och Souchelli: Traceelements in agriculture, Von Nostran Beinhald Co., New York 1969, pp. 201-209).

Based on our extensive experience, the object of this invention is not only to develop a more advantageous method than the known methods but to develop a complicated planting technology that takes into account all parameters that are important from the point of view of the dynamic unit of plant and its environment and what technology provides the harmony between fluid protection and nutrient supply adapted to the plant's life processes throughout the vegetation period, especially during the growing season just after rooting. The planting method by water drilling according to the invention is the result of our extensive experimental work and it offers a great help in the large-scale industrial planting of forests and orchards.

Detailed description of the invention According to the method of the invention for planting plants with woody stems, a planting hole is made through a water drilling apparatus of a depth of 2 - 4 m depending on the soil quality and type of plant to be planted. Previously slow-acting or fast-acting fertilizer compositions containing the necessary nutrients are dispersed in the drilling water. These compositions contain up to 75% by weight of N, P2O5 and K2 Mn, Zn, Fe and B as micronutrients in the desired proportion.

O as macronutrients and up to 10% by weight of Mg, Cu, The drilling water may optionally contain finely ground organic substances, e.g. organic fertilizers and / or peat to increase the nutrient content and for improvement it may also contain finely ground inorganic substances e.g. zeolite, perlite or other types of mineral clays. If desired, soil disinfectants may preferably be phosphoric acid, thiophosphoric acid or dithiophosphoric acid ester derivatives, e.g. O-ethyl S-phenyl-ethyl-phosphonodithioate / DYFONATE /, 2-chloro-3- [diethylamino] -1-methyl-3-oxo--1-propanyl-dimethyl-phosphate / DIMECRON / 0,0- diethyl O- [2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl] -phosphorothioate / DIAZINON /, S- [2,5-dichlorophenylthiomethyl] -0,0-diethyl-phosphorodithioate / PHENKAETON / etc. mix in 1 the drilling water.

As fungicides, triphenyltin acetate / BRESTAN / and / or zinc or manganese dithiocarbamate derivatives / MANEB, MANCOZEB, ZINEB / etc. can preferably be mixed into the drilling water.

To control the life processes of the plants, if desired, various compounds having hormonal activity (eg gibberellin acid or its derivatives, auxin or cytokinin or cytokinin-like substances) or compounds which are converted to such compounds in the plant (eg parent substances, methionine) are also added to the drilling water.

The rooted or rootless plant shoots are placed in the planting hole prepared by using drilling water of 3 - - 4 bar pressure containing all the necessary substances mentioned above.

The advantage of the method according to the invention compared to the known methods is that it can be carried out quickly and economically because the preparation of the planting hole, the addition of nutrients, water and other substances (plant protection products, soil improvers, regulators etc.), the compression of the soil around the plant is done in a single step through the use of mechanical force and the demand for physical labor is reduced to one third. A further advantage of the method according to the invention is that the water in the drilled hole provides a mud bed which surrounds the counting and fixes it without any special compression operation. The sludge bed contains each material in the desired nature and amount necessary for rooting and growth of the plant and surrounds the subsoil of the plant in a fairly large volume and in even distribution thus solving the constant and even nutrient supply harmonizing with the long-term life processes. . Despite the relatively high nutrient concentration, considerable amounts of fertilizer can be saved because there is no need for the so-called "reserve fertilizer" of the entire planting area and the effective nutrient supply can be solved with one-fifth of the previous amount.

A further advantage of the method according to the invention is that the local improvement of poor quality soil can simply be realized at the same time as the planting. The most important advantage of the procedure is that the planting of forests and orchards can be carried out under such conditions under which it was impossible or complicated when using the known methods. Finally, an advantage can be mentioned the fact that healthy, fast-growing plant stands can previously reach the stage when it can be utilized, e.g. in the case of poplars, the precipitation cycle (generally 25 years) is reduced by at least half.

The invention is illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.

Example 1 Comparative sample of poplar plantations planted by mechanical deep drilling and by water drilling On an area of 1 ha of weak humus soil, poplars are planted in four repetitions with a square distance of 5 x 3 m from each other by mechanical deep drilling and by water drilling during use of rootless plant shoots. The comparative test on the plantations was performed two years after planting. The average results are summarized in Table 2.

Table 2 Stamdía- Trees- Production of Slagit root meter height org. substance (%) (cm) (m) (%) Mechanical deep drilling 81 2.66 1.90 100 Water drilling 94 2.76 2.02 114 Example 2 Comparative sample of poplar plantations planted by water drilling and water drilling + addition of plant nutrients On an area of 1 ha of weak humus soil, poplars are planted in four repetitions at a square distance of 5 x 3 m from each other by water drilling and water drilling + addition of plant nutrients using rootless plant shoots. At the time of planting, soil surveys were carried out, of which 459,777 results are summarized in Table 3. The plant nutrients were added in two different doses (250 g / tree and 500 g / tree). The various components of nutrients as well as their water solubility and nutrient content are summarized in Table 4.

The investigations of the plantations have been done for 4 years and began at the time of planting. The average test results for each year are summarized in Table 5. The nutrient content of the leaves was determined two years after planting. The results are summarized in Table 6.

Table 3 Tested parameters Values pH 7.5 Weight 30 CaCO3 Weight% 5.0 Humus Weight% 0.88 NO2 + NO3 ppm 1.6 Pzos ppm 101 K20 ~ ppm 112 Mg ppm 56 Na ppm 39 Zn ppm 5.2 Cu ppm I p 5.7 Mn ppm 16.1 so 2 "4 PPm 5: 1 10 15 20 25 30 7 459 77 Table 4 Artificial fertilizer- Solubility Nutrient- Nutrient element com- at 20 ° C ele- content in art components weight percent ment güàn v fl dgmomam Urea ~ formaldehyde _2 _ cond. 10 - 10 Nitrogen 20 PZOS 11 Potassium chloride good KZO 14 Potassium magnesium phosphate 10_2 - 10 Mg Copper ammonium phosphate 10-3 - 10 Cu Manganese ammonium phosphate 10_3 - 10 Mn Zincammonium 3 - 10 Zincammonium 3 phosphate 10 Fe 0.35 Boric acid good B 0.05 Table 5 Time after nutrient dose Pedigree ~ Tree height Production of planting g / tree meters (cm) (cm) org.sub (%) 1 year 0 / control / 1.06 99.8 100 250 1.10 95.9 105 500 1.24 95.8 110 2 years 0 / control / 2.72 202.8 100 250 2.88 213.1 118 500 2.97 219.4 129 3 year 0 / control / 5.35 351.0 100 250 5.75 375.0 123 500 5.99 379.0 130 4 years 0 / control / 9.26 543.0 100 250 10.57 592.0 142 5 00 10.89 595.0 152 10 15 20 25 30 35 459 777 8 Table 6 Nutrient Nutrients Nutrient content in elements g / tree the dry leaves 250 g / tree S00 g / tree Nitrogen 2.79% by weight 3.00% by weight 2.79 wt% Phosphorus' 0.19 wt% 0.19 wt% 1.62 wt% Potassium 1.57 wt% 1.64 wt% 1.62 wt% Ca 2.21 wt% 2.11 wt% 2 , 10 wt% Mg 0.39 wt% 0.40 wt% 0.44 wt% Fe 94.7 ppm 96.7 ppm 107.5 ppm Mn 95.0 ppm 89.0 ppm 91.7 ppm Zn 19.5 ppm 21.9 ppm 23.5 ppm Cu 7.8 ppm 9.8 ppm 9.0 ppm B 51.0 ppm 56.0 ppm 62.0 ppm Example 3 Investigation of insecticidal and fungicidal activity on poplar plantations planted by water drilling According to Example 2, two poplars are planted on humus soil. Yid planting, soil tests were performed and the degree of insect and fungal infestation was determined. The surface was infested with anoxia pilosa and cytospora chrysosperma. The pesticide contains O-ethyl-S-phenyl-ethyl-phosphorodithioate / DYFONATE / as active ingredient (used dose: 30 g active ingredient / tree), the fungicide contains triphenyltin acetate / BRESTAN / as active ingredient (used dose: 1.5 g active ingredient / tree). A third experiment was performed by mixing an fertilizer composition according to Example 2 into the drilling water together with the insecticide and the fungicide.

The results of the soil tests were performed at the same time on the planting and are given in Table 7. The test results obtained 1 year after planting are summarized in Table 8. 10 15 20 25 30 35 459 777 9 Table 7 Test parameters Values pH 7.5 Weight 32 CaCO3 wt% 6.4 Humus wt% 1.47 NO2 + NO3 ppm 2.3 P2O5 ppm 110 K2O ppm 150 Mg ppm 39 Na ppm 18 Zn ppm 5.6 Cu ppm 3.2 Mn ppm 8.6 SO 2 ppm 7, 8 Table 8 Treatment- Attack of Attack of Cytosporin Anoxia pilosa chrysosperma Agent 1 2 3 4 Agent 1 2 3 4 Agent Dyfonate + Brestan 1 O 0 0 0,25 O 0 0 0 0 Dyfonate + Brestan + O 1 0 O 0, Fertilizer Control 3 7 6 1 4.25 10 9 4 6 7.25 Example 4 Effect of addition of finely ground Inorganic substance (manganese sludge from Urkut) on poplar, planted by water drilling Poplars are planted on weak humus soil according to Example 2 At the time of planting, soil tests were performed, the results of which are summarized in Table 9. To examine the effect of manganese sludge, it was added in an amount of 500 g / tree. In the course of another experiment, the activity of the fertilizer composition of Example 2 (in an amount of 125 g / tree) was examined together with the manganese sludge. The experiments were evaluated 1 year after planting. The results are summarized in Table 10.

Table 9 Parameters tested Values pH 7.6 Weight 30 CaCO3 weight% 4.2 Humus Weight% 0.9 NO2 + NO3 ppm 1.4 P2O5 ppm 78 KZO ppm 86 Mg ppm 55 Na ppm 36 Zn ppm 5.8 Cu ppm 1 , 2 Mn ppm 10.5 SOÉ- ppm 5.0 O / 7 / oow æm om mm mm Now mm wm wm ß.m wm a fi onucom OI w.www mß.mm cow mm mm mow o.ow w.ow w. ow m.cw æ.ow cc flfl wwmumuox O / + Hmømš FO | mmGwcømm AW uxm flfl mmuo mcw cow cow wow mm ccw mm.m mm mm wm om Hmwmå lmmu fi cømm ßxm flfl mmuø \ w \ wnmpmnøw «Mu w fl m Nw w Aw m Nm w« m m Go fl uM5UOHm \ Eo \ cw fl mmswmnß \ EE \ Hmumëm fi øämum mñ flfifl cmnmm ww Hwwnm fi cow om mm om mm Now mm wm om om Nm flfl onucoz w.vww mN.æo mm mm wm mm mc.ow w.ow m.ow æ.cw m. mn fifl wmmumcox + Emwmcmmcmz m.wcw m.> m mm wo om om mw.ow v.cw m.ow m.cw mm Emamcmmcmz \ æ \ m fl m fl m fi øw xm flfl m HO wm N wwm N w> m GO fl vM5UOHm aw fl wâ \ EO \ WO \ EO \ Hwwwëm flfi ëmnm mü flflflfi mnmm ow H fi mnm fi 10 15 20 459 777 12 ExemEel_5 Effect of addition of finely ground organic substance (organic fertilizer) on planting of poplars planted by water nest The experiment was carried out according to Example 4, but organic fertilizer in an amount of 3 l / tree was used instead of manganese sludge mixed with the drilling water. The experiment was evaluated 1 year after planting, the results are summarized in Table 11.

Example gel 6 Effect of addition of compounds with hormone activity on poplar plantations, planted by water drilling The experiment was performed according to Example 4 but a compound with hormone activity (gibberellin) in an amount of 0.05 g / tree was used instead of manganese sludge and mixed with the drilling water. .

The experiment was evaluated 1 year after planting, the results of which are summarized in Table 12.

W / 7 / oof æN.ww www Nm. @ Va H fi ouucom 7 / ~ .ßN «mm.mæ www mP.m mm mm fi nwwwumnox Q / uww> Emum m ow rO> .m- mß. ~ Æ mmß m ~ .m mm wc fl cwomum fl ox A fi uxm> ëmum \ m om \ æ \ mnmßmnøm xm fl ømmuo #xw> Eßum \ m \ EE \ \ EE \ umuwâ \ æ \ Go fl uxøwøum> wH> m vx fl> fl mcm fi uuuu wmm Wm m umumm. 3 oo? mm mm mm mm For m.m w.m w.m> .m N.m H fl øuucom o.mff mß.mm. øof mm mm for m.o ~ ß.of m.o ~ æ.o ~ m.o ~ mn fl nwmmumcox. + c fififi wuwnn fl w m.wof mN.No ~ Nor mo fi few mor mm wm mm mm mm n fififl wumnn fi o \ w \ wsmwmnøw v MNP «MNP xm fi nmmuø Hw fl wå Amømå> w GO fl ßx5 fl OHm \ Eu \ um \ mm fl 10 fl 459 777 14 Example 7 Comparative samples of vine plantings, planted by water drilling and by water drilling + addition of plant nutrients 7 Vines are planted on sandy humus soil by mixing a fertilizer composition in the drilling water in an amount of 20 and 40 g / vine respectively. The experiment was evaluated 1 year after planting. Mean values of 20 - 200 vines are summarized in Table 13.

Example 8 Comparative sample of peach plantations, planted by water drilling and by water drilling + addition of plant nutrients Peach trees are planted on medium hard adobe soil, which is 100 cm deep by mixing a fertilizer composition in the drilling water in an amount of 40 g / tree and 80 g / tree respectively. The experiment was evaluated 1 year after planting. The results are summarized in Table 14.

Table 14 Root type- Stamdia- Production of Treatments meter org. substance ling (%) (mm) (%) 40 g / tree fertilizer 83 35.7 116 80 g / tree fertilizer 87 38.9 126 Control 64 30.8 100

Claims (8)

/ F 459 777 EAIEEIKRAZ 1. A method for planting plants with a woody stem by water drilling, characterized in that in a planting hole, which has been produced by means of a water drilling apparatus, in mixture with the drilling water, a mixture of slow-acting and / or fast-acting fertilizer components containing to 75% by weight of N, PO and KZO macronutrients and up to 10% by weight of Mg, Cu, Nm, Zn, Fe and B micronutrients and optionally finely ground organic and / or organic substances, soil disinfectants and / or fungicides and / or compounds with hormonal activity or precursor compounds for this purpose and place plant shoots in the planting hole. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that organic fertilizers and / or peat are preferably used as finely ground fertilizers. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that zeolite, perlite or other types of mineral clays are preferably used as finely ground inorganic substances. 4. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that phosphoric acid or thiophosphoric acid ester derivatives are preferably used as soil disinfectant. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that triphenyltin acetate and / or zinc and / or manganedithiocarbamate are preferably used as fungicides. 459 777/6 6. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that gibberellic acid or gibberellic acid derivatives, auxin or cytokinin or cytokinin-like compounds are used as compounds with hormonal activity. 7. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that amino acids are used as compounds which are converted into compounds with hormonal activity in the plant. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that rooted or rootless counts are placed in the planting hole. m