SE449398B - DEVICE FOR HEATING OR COOLING, OF WATER, SOLID, SPECIFICALLY LARGE LIKE MATERIAL - Google Patents

Description

40 449 598 cylinder. The interiors of the cylinders are provided with rotating feed screws for improving the heat transfer and for feeding the solid material in the longitudinal direction of the cylinders during simultaneous mixing. The heat transfer takes place through the wall and / or with water vapor, which is blown into the suspension. Disadvantages of this device include the high risk of feed-in the screw failing, because the ground plant parts may contain brittle, sticky material (for example stones, pieces of metal) and this can lead to the screw stopping or breaking by said material. wedged between the screw and the cylinder wall. When turning the screw, a large amount of energy is consumed. Heat transfer and heat utilization are low.

The type of crystallization device described in "Dr. Mucsai L .: Crystallization" (Crystallization), Müszaki Könyvkiadö, Budapest, 1971, p. 151, includes a classification screw and cooler. It is provided with a sloping, trough-shaped bottom, in the lowest part of which the large crystals deposit. These are discharged from the trough using the feed screw. The mother liquor that flows out of the classification device flows back to the mother liquor container together with the smaller crystals, from where they leave for the cooling circulation. Disadvantages of this device are that the division into two fractions, ie partly the material discharged with the feed screw and partly that which is returned together with the mother liquor, is difficult to carry out, since the classification is ensured by regulating the flow rate of the flowing medium at the same time as the crystallization is a function of the flow rate.

It is often necessary in the food industry to freeze materials with a soft consistency, for example organs used in the meat industry, soft fruits, etc. Freezing tunnels or fluidisation freezers are currently used for this purpose. In freezing tunnels, the material intended for freezing is produced from the inlet to the outlet on a conveyor belt, during which the material is frozen using cold air. In fluidization freezing, the cold air is blown through the mass of solid, piece-shaped material so that it is kept floating in the air stream.

According to the present invention, this means a device for treatment by heating or cooling wet, solid, in particular porridge-like material, which device has a simple construction and with the aid of which the treatment can be carried out continuously and easily adapted to varying operating conditions. The most important tasks to be solved with the device according to the invention are the following: - vacuum drying of solids which are wet with solvent, recovery of solvents and / or solids suitable for further treatment or use as waste; - preliminary dewatering of waste from slaughterhouses and as a result extraction of sterilized solid material; recovery of solids in crystalline form in solution by cooling or heating; '- deep freezing of soft, chunky material.

The invention is based on the observation that if the device comprises a horizontal or almost horizontal, closed, hollow body, divided into two sections in such a way that the first section is constituted by a drum in the form of a truncated cone or truncated body. pad pyramid and the second section is composed of hollow, polygonal prisms eccentrically connected along a sawtooth line, which hollow body is arranged to be heated and / or cooled or placed under vacuum, the residence time of the material to be treated in the hollow the body is considerably elongated and the material can be put into an uninterrupted and very intense forward and reciprocating movement as it passes from the inlet to the outlet. As a result, the heat exchange surface is continuously regenerated and the material intended for treatment can be heated or cooled intensively on contact with the largest possible surface. In this way, efficient drying can be achieved with heating medium of relatively low temperature. The device according to the invention comprises a closed, hollow body in which the material is treated, a means for feeding the material into said hollow body and a means for discharging treated material from the hollow body as well as means for heating The device is characterized in that the hollow body consists of two sections, the first of which is constituted by a drum in the form of a truncated cone or truncated pyramid rotatably arranged about its horizontally arranged axis of symmetry. side walls and end ends are made of a dense material, for example sheet metal.In the interior of the drum opens a tube intended for feeding the material to be treated, which tube passes through the smaller end end of the drum.In the larger end end of the drum there is an opening eccentrically arranged in relation to said axis of symmetry and at this opening the second section is rigidly connected, whereby the two sections a are rotatable with each other. The second section consists of at least three hollow, elongate treatment bodies, the interior of which communicates with each other and the side walls of which are made of dense material, preferably sheet metal. The longitudinal geometric axes of these treatment bodies together form a zig-zag line or similar line which intersects the geometric axis of symmetry of the above-mentioned drum outside the drum, which axis of symmetry also constitutes the common axis of rotation of the drum and said treatment bodies.

The means arranged to supply heating or cooling medium to the outer surfaces of the treatment body constitute, according to another feature of the device according to the invention, the enclosures enclosing the treatment body, through which heating or cooling medium can be caused to flow. Said housings are connected to each other, for example by means of pipes, and are provided with inlets for heating or cooling medium. At least one of said housings is provided with a pipe for diverting heating or cooling medium, for example condensate.

According to another embodiment, the means for heating the treatment body consists of a closed, preferably horizontally arranged cylindrical container containing the heating medium (preferably water vapor) or the cooling medium, in which container the treatment body is rotatably arranged so, that the heating or cooling medium is prevented from penetrating the cavity of the treatment body.

The heating or cooling effect can be increased by means of a means arranged to produce a stream of gaseous heating or cooling medium through the cavity of the treatment body in a direction opposite to that in which the treated material is intended to be fed through the treatment body. Another preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized by means for creating a vacuum in the interior of the treatment body, wherein the material intended for treatment is fed in and discharged through cell locks. The elongate treatment bodies can be prismatic and have a polygonal, for example hexagonal cross-section, but also bodies with a circular cross-section can be used. According to another feature of the device according to the invention, there are means for supplying heating or cooling medium with mutually different temperatures to the closed spaces, which surround the treatment drum and / or the treatment bodies.

The applications and advantages of the device according to the invention can be summarized as follows: In Continuous drying of heat-sensitive, chippy, granular materials with low moisture content and wet of solvent, thanks to the specifically large heat transfer surfaces and the favorable heat efficiency can be achieved at low temperature. The solvent can be extracted and reused without environmental pollution. Since the drying space in the treatment body is completely closed, the risk of dust formation is eliminated and consequently no dust filter is required.

The device can advantageously also be used for evaporation, for example in cases where, after extraction of a compound consisting of a solid material and a liquid (solvent), considerable amounts of solvent remain in the extracted solid material (for example animal organs). , medicinal plants) which solvent must be recovered from the solid material for economic and / or environmental protection reasons. This can be achieved with the device according to the invention continuously and in vacuum. The procedure offers the following main advantages: - No water consumption, as no water vapor distills off.

- After the solvent has been extracted, the solid dry material can be used without any special further treatment, does not have to strain the general sewage system or cause environmental pollution.

The amount of water vapor required is heating from the outside of the treatment body of the device according to the invention is about half as large as that required for the known evaporation processes, and this is not only due to the fact that the heat transfer surface is significantly larger and the heat transfer coefficient significantly higher than normally but also because you do not need to heat water. - The cooling water consumption is also lower, a maximum of half of what is required in the hitherto known devices for similar purposes, since, among other things, there is no need to condense water vapor which is emitted together with the solvent vapors.

- The electrical energy consumption is also significantly less, about a third of what is required in the hitherto known devices for the same purpose, which consume a significant amount of energy for the introduction of the suspension and the solid components into the evaporators.

- There is no need to transfer the material to a porridge-like mass and then drain and dry it in a separate device.

As a result of the above factors, the specific space requirement, installation and operating costs of the device according to the invention are significantly less than normal.

With the device according to the invention, preliminary dewatering can be achieved by boiling 40,449,398 materials of varying consistency, for example by-products from slaughterhouses and the like, and partially dewatered solids in a very favorable manner. For this purpose, it is appropriate to transfer the material to a porridge-like consistency by appropriate pre-treatment.

The advantages of the device according to the invention for cooking depend primarily on the above-mentioned large specific heat transfer surface and the favorable heat efficiency. The device has a simple construction, its space requirements are small and materials do not adhere to its walls. The device is easy to clean and investment and operating costs are more favorable than is the case in hitherto known devices for general purposes.

: The device according to the invention can be used in the food industry, for example for economical freezing of chunky, soft material, such as soft fruits or animal organs. Significant advantages are represented by the favorable heat transfer coefficient, the ease of cleaning the apparatus and the fact that, thanks to the gentle treatment made possible by the device, even sensitive ones can be frozen; soft fruits without damaging them (the gentle treatment is due to the fact that the material intended for treatment slides forward and back inside the treatment body).

The device according to the invention is also suitable for economical crystallization, for example continuous production of supersaturated solutions by cooling or heating and partial crystal growth. Thanks to the gentle material treatment, the crystals are neither crushed nor glued together. No sedimentation occurs in the device, because the crystals or the crystal slurry are constantly in a reciprocating sliding motion, which cleans the surfaces. Thanks to the uninterrupted movement, no supersaturation occurs in the vicinity of the cooling surface and consequently no crystallization has to be expected on these surfaces.

Finally, a very favorable heat transfer coefficient is achieved thanks to the phase mixing.

When using the device according to the present invention for any of the above purposes, the favorable specific heat transfer factor, the completely closed continuous process, the high operational reliability, the elimination of environmental problems, the satisfaction of hygienic requirements and final the low investment and operating costs have significant advantages.

The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some exemplary, preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention are illustrated.

Thus, Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal vertical section through an embodiment of the device according to the invention suitable for heating or cooling under vacuum. The section is laid along the axis of symmetry of the device.

Figs. 2 - 4 show a cross section along the line A-A, B-B and C-C in Fig. 1, respectively.

Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention, according to which the sections can be closed, heated to different temperatures and run under vacuum. Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention which can be cooled internally and / or externally and heated internally.

Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention provided with a container for liquid cooling medium, which is kept in motion by means of a pulsator. Fig. 8 finally shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention provided with a closed container for water vapor. This embodiment can conveniently be operated under vacuum.

As can be seen from Figures 1 to 4, the device according to the invention comprises a treatment body 1 consisting of two sections I and II connected in series. The first section I comprises two treatment drums in the form of truncated cones with symmotri axis axes 40 449 3398 arranged coaxially and horizontally. The second section II comprises four treatment bodies 3, 4, 5 and 6. These are elongate hollow bodies with regular hexagonal cross section. Their sheaths consist of non-perforated metal sheet. The treatment drum 2 and the treatment bodies 3, 4, 5 and 6 are rigidly connected to each other and have a common, horizontal geometric axis of rotation x, which in the figure is indicated by a dotted line. This axis is at the same time the center and rotation axis of the horizontally arranged treatment drum 2, ie the common horizontal longitudinal and rotation axis of the entire treatment body 1.

The jacket 9 of the drum 2 and end ends 7 and 8 likewise consist of non-perforated metal sheet. The circular end ends 7 and 8 are arranged vertically. In the center of the smaller end end 7 there is a circular opening 12, through which a feed screw 11 in a feeding device 10 feeds material for treatment into the interior of the drum 2. The feed screw is provided with a hollow shaft 13, in the cavity of which a rotating shaft 14 is arranged. The end of the shaft 14 projects into the drum 2, where it supports arms 15, on which vanes 16 are arranged to rotate parallel to and in the vicinity of the inside of the jacket 9. The vanes 16 rotate in the direction of the arrow wz, which at the same time represents the angular velocity of the vanes. ' The vanes 16 rotate in a direction opposite to that in which the treatment body 1 rotates. Its direction of rotation and angular velocity, which differs from the angular velocity mg, are denoted by the reference symbol ml. A drive device 17 rotates the hollow shaft 13 in the feed screw 11 and a drive device 18 rotates the shaft 14.

The feed screw 11 is provided with a vertically arranged, tubular sleeve 61, to which a bearing 19 is rigidly connected. A rotating bearing 20 is mounted on the outside of the sleeve. The rotating bearing 20 is rigidly connected to the end end 7 of the drum 2 and can consequently be rotated together.

A hopper 21 is provided for feeding the material to be treated into the sleeve 61 through a hole 25 present therein. A cell lock 22 is arranged over the opening 25 rotatable about a shaft 24, which in turn is connected to a drive device 23. By means of the cell lock 22 and the feed screw 11, wet, solid, porridge-like material, solutions or the like are fed into the treatment drum 2.

In the larger end end 8 of the drum 2 there is an opening 26. This has the shape of a regular hexagon and is arranged asymmetrically with respect to the axis x so that a tip of the hexagon lies on the periphery of the end end 8 (see Fig. 2). the opening 26 should not be larger than at most half of the surface of the larger end wall 8.

The sheaths 27, 28, 29 and 30 of the treatment bodies 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively, which treatment bodies together form the second section II of the device, consist of non-perforated flat plates airtightly connected to each other. Outside the jackets 27, 28, 29 and there are double jackets 31, 32, 33 and 34, respectively, which on each of said jackets delimit closed, interconnected spaces 35, 36, 37 and 38, respectively. The jacket 9 on the treatment drum_2 is also provided with a double jacket 62 which delimits a closed space 63. Existing closed spaces 63, 35, 36 and 38 communicate with each other by means of curved pipes 39 and the spaces can be filled via heating pipe 42 with heating or cooling medium or condensate. This medium is discharged through the pipes 43 and 44. In this way, the material fed into the drum and the treatment bodies 3 - 6 can be heated or cooled to the required temperature by means of heat conduction through the respective jackets.

The last treatment body 6 in the second section II ends with a ring 48, through the opening 47 of which the material is discharged into the space 45 in the box 46.

The ring 48 is formed by a bearing 40, which rotates together with the treatment body 1. The rotating bearing 40 is supported by another bearing 41, which is stationary and rigidly connected to the side wall 49 of the box 46. the opening 47 changes - as is clear from fig. 3 and 4 - its contour from polygonal to circular. The tube 44 opens into a channel 64 in the bearing 41. The channel 64 is connected to a channel 65 in the bearing 41. The channel 64 in the bearing 41 may be a longitudinal groove and the channel 65 in the bearing 40 may be a transverse groove. track. When the channels 64 and 65 coincide during the rotation of the bearing 40, the passage of the heating or cooling medium becomes free towards the curved tube 39, which opens into the closed space 38. In the same way, the channels 64 and 65 are also formed in the bearings 20 and 19. on the side of the auger 11. This enables the introduction of heating or cooling medium from the side of the treatment drum 2.

If required, it is also possible to arrange a supply for heating or cooling medium (not shown in the figure) to the closed spaces 35-38.

This supply comprises separate feed tubes arranged to rotate together with the treatment body 1 and connected to each of said closed spaces. In this way, heating or cooling medium with varying temperatures in the different rooms can be introduced in these rooms and in this way the temperature in the treatment drum 2 and the treatment bodies 3, 4, 5 and 6 can be adjusted to optimal values depending on each individual case the present need.

The box 46 has another side wall, namely the one indicated by 50 in Fig. 1, which is also arranged vertically and parallel to the side wall 49.

The space 45 between the side walls 49 and 50 is closed at the top by the lid 51. From the latter lid a pipe socket 52 extends above the axis of rotation x. From the lower part of the space 45 a downwardly directed pipe socket 53 with a cell lock 54. Cell lock 54 shaft 55 is mounted in bearings in the walls of the socket 53 and rotated by the drive device 56.

The pipe socket 52 is arranged for diverting vapors (water vapor) which emit during the treatment in the device, and the pipe socket 53 is arranged for discharging solid material, for example crystal slurry.

In the distal wall 50 of the box 46 a bearing 59 is arranged centrally in relation to the axis of rotation x of a shaft 58. The inner end of this shaft 40 _ 12 _ 449 398 58 protrudes into the space 45, is rigidly connected to the bearing 40 via arms 57 which are indicated by broken lines in Fig. 1. The outer end of the shaft 58 is connected to a drive device 60. Consequently, when the shaft 58 is rotated by the drive device 60, the entire treatment body 1 rotates. The direction of rotation and the angular velocity ml are marked. with an arrow in Fig. 1. The shaft 58 coincides with the geometric longitudinal axis x. 2 The first prismatic treatment body 3 in the second section II is connected to the opening 26 in the larger end end 8 of the treatment drum 2 in such a way that the geometric longitudinal axis of the body 3 xl forms an angle of dl with the horizontal plane and intersects the common horizontal geometric axis of rotation x outside the treatment drum 2. The geometric longitudinal axis of the next treatment body 4 forms an angle az with-horizon talpla- net. The geometric longitudinal axis X3 of the third prismatic treatment body 5 forms an angle ag with the horizontal plane and the last of the geometric longitudinal axis of the prismatic treatment bodies, namely the geometric longitudinal axis of the treatment body 6, intersects the horizontal plane so that the longitudinal axes x1 - x a zigzag line or similar line and consequently also the axes xz, x3 and xn intersect the axis of rotation x outside the treatment drum 2. Consequently the prismatic treatment bodies 3, 4, 5 and 6 together form a sawtooth line and of course their cavities are connected to a common internal cavity.

The wall surfaces of the treatment drum 2 and the treatment bodies 3 - 6, which come into direct contact with the material intended for treatment, consist of a material to which the material intended for treatment does not adhere. A surface film of tetrafluoroethylene ("Teflon") is suitable for the purpose according to the invention.

The cell locks 22 and 54 are designed in such a way that vacuum can be maintained in the device during its rotation, during input of the material to be treated and during output of treated material. Since the vacuum device and its connection are of a conventional type, they are not illustrated in 40 _ ._. 449 398 figures.

Of the devices also not shown in the figure, the treatment bodies 3 - 6 rigidly connected to the drum 2 can be lifted or lowered vertically from the horizontal plane at an angle B.

The function of the device according to Figs. 1 to 4 will now be described by means of an exemplary method for continuous vacuum drying of a granular solid material with a low moisture content which is wet with solvent.

The drive devices 17, 18, 23, 56 and 60 are switched on, whereby the cell locks and the feed screws are started and the treatment body 1 is set in rotation at the same time as a vacuum is established in the cavity of the treatment body. A material, for example a vegetable mass containing benzene, is introduced in the direction of the arrow a into the filling funnel 21 and is introduced into the treatment drum 2 by means of the cell lock 22 and the feed screw 11. Heating medium, for example water vapor, is introduced into the closed spaces 38, 36, 35 , 63 via the tube 42 and the temperature is adjusted so that the material in the first section I is heated to approximately 80 ° C. By rotating the treatment drum 2 in a direction opposite to that in which the vanes 16 rotate, an intensive and continuous mixing of the heat-treated material is obtained, so that a major amount of the solvent-containing vapors already depart from the solid material. in the first section I. The material is discharged from the treatment drum 2 into the first prismatic treatment body 3 in the second section II. The discharged material is maintained at a temperature of 80 DEG C. also in the second section II. As a result of the rotation with the angular velocity m1, the material is fed forwards and backwards in the second section II while it is in continuous intensive contact with the heated surfaces. This also cleans the latter automatically and efficient heat transfer is maintained at an optimal level. In the second section II, the material remains for about 15 - minutes, during which the solution module included in the material uvdrivo fl. 40 _14 ..

The feed of the solid material in the treatment body 1 is indicated in the figure by the arrows a and the flow of the vapors is indicated by the arrows b. The vapors can be reused after condensation and even the now solvent-free material, which practically consists 100% of solid material, can also be used for some useful purpose.

The device illustrated in Fig. 5 differs from the one described above according to Figs. 1-4 only in that it is so constructed that the temperature in the treatment drum 2 can be adjusted to a different value than in the treatment bodies 3 - 6. Namely, in the manner indicated above, heating or cooling medium can be initiated in the closed space 63 which surrounds the treatment drum 2 through a pipe 69 and via the bearings 19 and 20 and a pipe 70, the temperature of which can of course differ from the temperature of the heating or cooling medium. the refrigerant introduced into the closed spaces 38, 37, 36 and via the feed pipe 42. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 there is a further pipe 66 in the hollow shaft 13. This latter pipe passes through the entire drum 2 and its end is provided with holes from the larger end end 8 of the drum 2. The tube 66 is stored in a bearing 67, which also has holes and rotates around the tube 66. The bearing 67 is connected by a tube 68 to the closed space 63 around the treatment drum 2. The heating or cooling medium (for example condensed) departing from it closed space 63, flows into the rotating bearing 67 via the tube 68, passes through the hole 67 of the bearing 67 and further through the hole of the tube 66. From the closed space 35, which surrounds the treatment body 3, a pipe goes to the outer end of the pipe 66. In this way, the heating or cooling medium (for example condensate) used in the second section II can also be discharged via the pipe 66. For moreover, the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 5 is completely corresponding to that shown in Fig. 1 and a part in one which corresponds to a part in the other is therefore in both cases denoted by one and the same reference symbol.

The embodiment shown in Fig. 6 differs from that illustrated in Fig. 1 partly in that the discharge of the used cooling or heating medium does not go through the bearings and partly in that the bearings can be heated or cooled even with air flowing in a direction opposite to that in which the material to be treated moves through the treatment body 1.

In that case, air is blown by means of a fan 71 through a cooler 72 to the space 45 via a pipe 73. From the space 45 the cold air flows into the second section II in the direction of the arrows c, further through an opening. 74 and a collection chamber 75 arranged around the sleeve 61, whereupon the air exits through a pipe nozzle 76.

The collection chamber 75 comprises an end end 77 with a bearing 78 around its periphery. The treatment drum 2 rotates about this bearing 78 at an angular velocity of ml. the opening 74 is located in the upper part of the end end 77. The lower part of the end end 77 (below the sleeve 61) consists of dense material. Condensate formed in the collection chamber 75 can be discharged through a tube 79. The embodiment illustrated in Fig. 6 also comprises a tube (here denoted by the reference numeral 80) which passes through the hollow shaft 13 through the drum 2. At one end of the tube 80, a tube 81 is connected. This latter corresponds to the drain 43 in Fig. 1.

Consequently, it acts as a drain for the medium which passes through the closed spaces 38, 37, 36, 35 and 63 and which is used for heating or cooling from the outside of the cavity of the treatment body 1. Thus, this medium exits through the tube 80, and a drain tube 82. In this embodiment, the drive device 17 rotates the hollow shaft 13 and thus the vanes 16 at an angular velocity of wg, while the tube 80 is attached to the larger end end 8 of the drum. 2 and rotates with it at an angular velocity of ml. 7 7 The embodiment shown in Fig. 7 differs from the others with respect to the cooling method. According to this embodiment, the treatment body 1 is not provided with double jackets and closed spaces but placed in a horizontally arranged cylindrical container 83 arranged for flow through the coolant, in which the treatment body 1 is immersed. The container 83 is provided with a lid 84 and vertically arranged, flat end ends 85, 86. The cylindrical housing 61 is rigidly connected to the front end end 85. A unit consisting of a bearing 87 and a stuffing box is arranged in the far end. end end 86. In the unit, the ring 48 (see also Fig. 1) is rotatably mounted. The housing 61 is attached to and passed through the smaller end end 7 of the drum 2 via a similar stuffing box 88. The bearing enables the treatment body 1 to rotate and the stuffing boxes prevent cooling medium 89 from leaving the container 83. Cooling medium 89 is fed into the container 83 in the direction indicated by the arrow d through a pipe socket 90 and departs from the container 83 through a pipe socket 91 which acts as a overflow drain.

To increase the cooling efficiency, there is a pulsator 94 in a socket 93 which starts from the underside of the container 83. The pulsator is driven by a drive device not shown in the figure and performs alternating movements, as a result of which the coolant is also set in such movements.

The amplitude of the pulsator can be adjusted. Incidentally, the device according to Fig. 7 is identical to that illustrated in Fig. 1 and a part of one of these figures which corresponds to a part of the other is in both cases denoted by one and the same reference symbol. For the sake of clarity, the cell locks have been excluded from Fig. 7.

The embodiment shown in Fig. 8 is similar to the embodiment according to Fig. 7. The only difference is that the treatment body 1 - which in this case too is not provided with double jackets - is arranged in a water vapor space instead of in a space for coolant . This embodiment is also surrounded by a closed, cylindrical container 95 which slopes downwards towards the treatment drum 2 in the direction of the arrow e. The housing 61 is rigidly connected to one end end 96 of the container 95 and the treatment drum 2 is rotatably and airtightly arranged at the housing 61 by means of a bearing / stuffing box combination 97. Also in the other end end 101 on the cylindrical base holder 95, there is a ring and stuffing box unit, which is here denoted by the reference numeral 98 and which prevents water vapor from leaving the space 45. The water vapor is supplied through the nozzle 99 and flows in the direction of the arrow. Inside the container 95, the flow direction of the water vapor changing screens 102 are attached to the cylinder wall 101 and sliding into the container 95. In this way an optimal flow path for the heating medium is achieved; From the lower part of the container 95 a socket 103 extends downwards. This is intended for draining condensate.

The container 95 is provided with means 104 for limiting the pressure inside the container and with a manometer 105.

Incidentally, the embodiment shown in Fig. 8 corresponds in general terms to that illustrated in Fig. 1.

An element in one that corresponds to an element in the other is in both cases denoted by one and the same reference symbol.

The invention is of course not limited to the details described above, but it can be varied and modified in many ways without therefore exceeding the scope of the following claims or departing from the inventive idea. Thus, for example, the rotating vanes 16 can be omitted and the drum 2 has the shape of a truncated pyramid instead of a truncated cone.

Claims (10)

10 20 25 30 35 40 449 398 Patent claims Apparatus for treating wet, solid, in particular porridge-like materials, such as slurries, suspensions and the like, by heating or cooling, in particular for vacuum dewatering of low-moisture, granular, wet-moist granular material; for preliminary dewatering of porridge-like materials by boiling; for freezing solid material, in particular fruit, animal organs and for recovering the solid material in solutions by crystallization, which device comprises a treatment body (1), an input device (10) for feeding the material to be treated into said treatment body (1), a device (54) for discharging the treated material from said treatment body (1) and a device (35 - 38, 62, 83, 95) for establishing contact between the heating or cooling medium and the treatment body. (1) outer surfaces, characterized in that the treatment body (1) is divided into two sections (I, II), of which the first (I) comprises a treatment drum (2) in the form of a truncated cone or truncated pyramid, the symmetry of which axis (x) is arranged horizontally or almost horizontally, which treatment drum (2) is rotatably arranged about said axis (x) and whose side walls (9) and end ends (7, 8) consist of non-perforated material, preferably metal plate, wherein the feeding device (10) is passed through the smaller end end (7) of the drum (2) and the larger end end (8) of the drum (2) is provided with an opening (26) arranged eccentrically in relation to the axis of symmetry (x), and the second section (II) is rigidly connected at said opening (26), so that the section in question is rotatable with the drum (2), which second section (II) comprises at least three elongate, hollow , prismatic treatment bodies (3 - 6), the cavities of which communicate with each other and the side walls of which consist of unperforated material, preferably sheet metal, the longitudinal axes of symmetry (X1 - xn) of said prismatic bodies (3 - 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 rf? 449 598 6) together form a zigzag line or similar line intersecting the axis of symmetry (x) of the treatment drum (2) outside the drum (2), which axis of symmetry (x) is the common axis of rotation of the treatment drum (2) and the prismatic the treatment bodies (3 - 6). Device according to claim 1, characterized by enclosed spaces (63, 35 - 38), which are connected to each other, for example by means of pipes (39) and arranged around the treatment drum (2) and the prismatic treatment bodies (3 - 6) outer surfaces and provided with inlet (42, 69) and outlet (43, 44) for heating or cooling medium to or from at least one of said spaces. Device according to claim 1, characterized in - V preferably a horizontally arranged cylindrical container (83, 95) enclosing said treatment body (1) and intended for heating medium, preferably water vapor, or cooling medium (89), wherein said treatment body (1) is rotatably arranged in said cylindrical container (83, 95) so that the medium in the cylindrical container is prevented from penetrating into the treatment body (1). Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by means for introducing gaseous heating or cooling medium through the interior of the treatment body (1) in a direction (c) opposite to that in which the material being treated is intended to be fed through the treatment body (1); which means preferably consists of a pipe (73) which opens into the interior of the treatment body (1) and a cooler (72) connected in the pipe connected to a fan. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that vanes (16) are arranged in the vicinity of the cone-shaped inner surface of the treatment drum (2); which vanes are rotated by a drive device (18) in a direction (mg) opposite to that in which the treatment drum (2) is rotated, the vanes and the drum also being rotated at different angular velocities. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by a means connected to the treatment body (1) for providing a vacuum in the cavity of the treatment body, and the inlet means (10), preferably a feed screw (11) and a cell lock (22) for feeding material for treatment into said cavity, and outlet means (54) for discharging treated material from said cavity, said inlet means and outlet means being arranged to prevent air from being introduced into said cavity together with the input and output material, respectively, Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second section (II) consists of at least three elongate, hollow, prismatic bodies (4 - 6) with a polygonal, preferably hexagonal cross-section, which prismatic bodies are arranged one after the other in the during treatment in the apparatus, the intended feed direction of the material calculated, the cavities of the prismatic bodies communicating with each other; wherein the first of the prismatic bodies (3) is connected to the treatment drum (2) at the opening (26) in its larger end end (8), which opening (26) is located immediately adjacent the periphery of said end end. Device according to any one of claims 2 and 4-7, characterized by a stationary bearing (41) at one end of the treatment body (1), preferably at its discharge end, and another rotating bearing (40) fitted in the former, which bearings (40, 41) periodically engage each other during the rotation of the rotatable bearing (40) by means of grooves or grooves and holes, thereby forming a means suitable for conducting heating or cooling medium, and a tube (39) arranged between said rotating bearing (40) and at least one of said closed spaces (38) for further conduction of said heating or cooling medium. Device according to any one of claims 2 and 4 - 8, characterized by a plurality of means for initiating heating or cooling medium with mutually different temperatures in the closed spaces 449 398 (63, 35 - 37) surrounding the treatment drum (2). and / or the treatment bodies (3 - 6). Device according to one of Claims 5 to 9, characterized by V mixing vanes (16) on arms (15) attached to the shaft (14) of a drive device (18), which shaft (14) is arranged in a hollow shaft (13). in the means for feeding into the treatment drum (2) of material intended for treatment.