SA109300689B1 - Compositions Comprising A Fluoroolefin - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump equipment where the composition includes a fluoroolefin and at least one other component part. The compositions of this invention are useful in processes for producing cold or heat such as heat transfer fluids, foam blowing agents, aerosol propellants, and fire suppression and fire extinguishing agents.

Description

EE

Compositions containing fluoroolefins

Compositions comprising a fluoroolefin Full description Background of the invention: The current application is a partial application of Application No. (0770194) which was filed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on 4/5/1 279//0 1 H corresponding to 5/01/5 0 1000m Refrigeration fittings and heat transfer fluids containing perfluorinated terminal olefin are mentioned in © American documents A- 0 TY VY, Japanese No. 0 4110784, Japanese No. 158849176, International No. PVANY/Y ot « and US No. 477 006 / 177, American No. 1777877004, American No. VAT 27777, American No. B-47 TYOAY, and European No. eM AY oA eT. European document No. A-4 0101687 also revealed refrigerant compositions that included various perfluorinated olefins. heat pump The invention relates to compositions used in refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pump systems 0; and at least one other compound; and fluoroolefin wherein the compositions contain + 85 the compositions in the present invention are useful in processes for obtaining cold or heat such as carrier fluids for heat and air fluid propellants, foam blowing agents, heat transfer fluids fire, fire control agents and fire extinguishing agents ¢ aerosol propellants (aerosol) suppression and fire extinguishing agents In recent decades, the refrigeration industry has been able to find chlorofluorocarbons, refrigerants, to replace current refrigerants that destroy the ozone layer, such as:

_ 0, hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) 5 “(CFCs)” which have been excluded from uses as a result of the Motrade Protocol. As a solution to this issue, most refrigerant producers manufactured hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants; One of the most widely used compounds (HFC) is compound 1170-1348 sally. Wiles does not affect ozone; Therefore, he was not subject to exclusion as a result of the decisions of the Montel Protocol. © It is possible that other environmental controls will limit the use of some HFC refrigerants globally. Currently, the automotive industry faces controls regarding the potential for overheating due to the refrigerants used in mobile air conditioners. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new refrigerants that have a lower thermal impact on the atmosphere for the portable air conditioning market. And if these controls are applied more widely in the future; There will be a greater need to find suitable refrigerants used in the refrigeration and air-conditioning industries. Among the refrigerants currently proposed to replace HCF-152a: HFC-134a and pure hydrocarbons (ie butane or propane) or natural refrigerants such as 002 Most of these proposals are toxic, flammable and have low effective energy. Therefore, there is an ongoing search for new alternatives to refrigerants The objective of the present invention is to provide formulations of new refrigerants and heat transfer fluids which give VO unique advantages to meet the requirements of zero impact on the ozone layer and reduced thermal impact on the atmosphere compared to existing refrigerants. and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: YYAY

HFC-1234ze, HFC-1234yf, HFC-1234ye, HFC-1243zf, HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134, 110-1348, HFC -143a, HFC-152a, HFC- 5, HFC-227ea 5, HFC-161 8, HFC-236fa, HFC-245fa, HFC-365mfc, n-butane propane, isobutene, 2-methylbutane, n-pentane, cyclopentane, CF3SCF3, 002 dimethylether, ©31S The present invention Wad relates to a composition containing HCF-1234ze and a daly compound selected from Family: HFC-1234yf, HFC-1234ye, HFC-1243zf, HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134, HFC-134a, HFC-143a and HFC-152a and HFC-236ea 5 HFC-227ea 5 HFC-161 and HFC-isobutene s n-butane s propane s HFC-365mfc or HFC-245fa 5236fa 0 and CF3SCF3, 602 dimethylether, cyclopentane sn-pentane, 2-methylbutane .CF31 and at least one compound being HFC-1234yf The present invention further relates to a composition containing his choice from the combination of:

HFC- HFC-134a HFC-134 HFC-125 5 HFC-32 HFC-1243zf 5 HFC-1234ye 0

HFC-, HFC-236fa, HFC-236ea, HFC-227ea, HFC-161, HFC-152a 5 143a n-, 2-methylbutane isobutene n-butane, propane and HFC-365mfc and 245fa

CF3I, CF3SCF3, 002 dimethylether, cyclopentane, and pentane

YYAY

o —_ — The present invention is also related to a composition containing HRC-1234ye and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: HFC-125 5 HFC-32 5 HFC-1234zf, HFC-134 and 1170 -1348 and 1170-1438 and HFC-152a and HFC-236fa 5 HFC-236ea s HFC-227ea 3 HFC-161 and HFC-245fa and HFC-365mfc ©propane and cyclopentane n-pentane 2-methylbutane isobutene n-butane and CF3SCF3, CO2 dimethylether and 0131 The present invention also relates to a composition containing HRC-12342f and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: HFC-32 and HFC-134 5 HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFC-143a, and 5s HFC-161 5 HFC-152a HFC-236fa 5 HFC-236ea 3 HFC-227¢a 01 and HFC-245fa, HFC-365mfc, propane, n-butane, 2-methylbutane isobutene, n-pentane, cyclopentane, dimethylether, CF3SCF3, CO2, CF31 The present invention further relates to a composition containing: (a) at least one lubricant selected from the group consisting of: polyalkylene glycol 5 polyol esters 1°, polyvinyl ethers, mineral oils, and synthetic paraffins alkylbenzenes and synthetic napthenes poly(alpha)olefins 5 (b) formulation chosen from the group of: YYAY

From 71 lbs to 98 lbs. HFC-1225ye From 98 lbs. to 71 lbs. Weight HFC-152a From 71 lbs. to 744 lbs. » 1170-1225 99 lbs. to 1/7" HFC-1234yf 71 weight to 744 weight HFC-1225ve 794 weight to 71 weight trans-HFC-1234ze 71 weight to 794 weight HFC-1225ye 7954 wt. to 71 wt. © HFC-1243zf from AY 794 wt. wt. ©1170-12342 and from 7194 wt. to 71 wt. HFC-134a

From 71 wt. to 7944 wt ©1170-12342 From 99 lbs. to 71 wt. HFC-152a From 71 wt. to 99 lbs. ©1170-12342 From 99 wt. . From 71 wt. to 7954 wt. of HFC-1234ze and from 998 lb. wt. to 71 wt. CF31 the present invention relates Wad to a composition containing:

0 (1) coolant or transmission spall fluid selected from the range consisting of: from 71 wt. to 794 wt. HFC-1255ye and from 99 lbs. wt. to 1 wt. 1170-1528. From 71 wt. to 7494 wt. HEC-1255ye From 7944 wt. to 71 wt. HFC-1234yf From 71 wt. to 794 wt. HFC-1255ye From 7954 wt. to 71 wt. trans -HFC-1234ze from 71 wt. to 7494 wt. ©1170-12557 and from 79,198 wt. to 71 wt. 1170-123424.

HFC-134a by weight of ZY From 7954 by weight to HFC-1234ze by 794 by weight 1 out of 0

‎YYAY

From 71 wt. to 79449 wt. HFC-1234ze From 754 wt. to 71 wt. HFC-152a From 1 wt. to 7949 wt. HFC-1234ze From 794 wt. to 71 wt. HFC-227ea #1 wt. It is represented by the following formula: RI[(OR2)xOR3]y where: : a number of JY ty a number of 1 .6 : 1 1 : selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals sf hydrogen having From 1 : 6 number of atoms 0 carbons and no bonds 2©: selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals and have axe carbons from ? : 4. 3: selected from Leds aliphatic & alicyclic hydrocarbon 5 hydrogen of 1 : 1 carbon atoms" where the molecular weight [polyoxy alkylene glycol ethers] is of 001 : 001 atomic mass units. admides (Y) 05 is represented by the following formula: cyclo-[R4CON(RS) -] 5s RIC(O)NR2R3 where: YYAY

A = -— RS “R3” R2 “R1 is selected from alphatic & alicydic hydrocarbon radicals of 1-17 carbons” and at least one aromatic radical of 7-17 number of carbon atoms. 4: It is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having a VY number of carbon atoms. Where the molecular weight of Amides is from 00-001 atomic mass units. ketones (©) © is represented by the following formula: RIC(O)R2 where: R2 RI is selected from aliphatic alicyclic & aryl hydrocarbon radicals having -1 VY number of carbon atoms. Where The molecular weight of ketonsd is from “01-100 atomic mass units.” (¢) 0165 is represented by the following formula: RICN RItdam Ve selected from aliphatic and Led aryl hydrocarbon radicals alicyclic AY where the molecular weight is nitriles] from 000-59 mass units (A) chlorocarbons (°) is represented by the following formula: RCIx where: 1:<* Vo or B: They are selected from aliphatic & alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having a carbon atom number of -1,0" carbon atom.

_ !qa where the molecular weight is 001-001 'ys chlorocarbond atomic mass unit. aryl ethers (7) have the following form: RIOR? where: 1]: are selected from aryl hydrocarbon radicals having 7-17 carbon atoms. 0 62: are selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals It has a -1 number of carbon atoms, where the molecular weight (Aryl ethers) is from 190-001 atomic mass units. 1-trifluoroalkanes (1,1,71) is represented by the following formula: CF3R1 where: RI is selected from aliphatic & alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having 8-19 carbon atoms. fluoroethers (A) 0 It is represented by the following formula: 121001201211 where RT is selected from aliphatic, alicyclic, & aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having *8-Vo number of carbon atoms, or Cua fluoroethers are derived from fluoroolefins & polyols where They are: fluoroolefins of type 012-07 where: hydrogen:X and fluorine chlorine yo and no: fluorine s chlorine are lost: CF3 or 2:5 or C3F7 ar polyols Mentioned either linear or branched; linear polyols of type 'HOCH2(CHOH)X(CRR' )yCH20H where: hydrogen, CH3 :R' ¢ R or 02115; ix number of 0-5 ty is a number from 7-60 2: 0 or 0 YYAY

‎VY. = the branched polyols of type “C(OH)Y(R)u(CH2O0H)V[(CH2)mCH20H]w where: im 02115 “CH3 ¢hydrogen number from 1-61 and 0:0 or tw gv oe) is a number from 4-10; tus + cn + e + pod lactones (3) are filled in the following forms [8] «[C] [0]: 58 0 a Re nm 2 and 2 R = 0 R 0 0 bh { 2 ! and i.e. R 2 °R IR ~ R, Re 5 5 m 5 rR} ReRs 7 Rs; R, Re [B] [C] [D] where from 1 to R8 are chosen from hydrogen, branched linear, cyclic, bicyclic, and unsaturated hydrocarbyl radicals saturated such that Voodoo molecular weight is an atomic mass unit. esters (1) and is represented by the formula 1100282 wherein 11 and 22 are chosen from linear or cyclic alkyl and aryl Yo 5 so that the molecular weight [esters] is from 0-8.00 atomic mass units. Also present in a formulation consisting of: (1) at least one infrared fluorescent dye selected from the group consisting of perylenes naphthalimides, anthracenes 5 coumarins, xanthenes 5 phenanthracenes, thioxanthenes, naphthoxanthenes, and fluoresceins and derivatives and combinations of these dyes.

11 - - 1 Weight: 748 Weight ZY: 7914 HFC-1225ye Weight HFC-1234yf 11 Weight: 7919 Weight 110-1225 7994: 71 Weight Trans-HFC-1234ze 11 Weight: 794 ZV Weight: 794 HFC-1225ye Weight 1170-123421. 1 Weight : 7914 Weight HFC-1234ze 754 Weight : 21 Weight HFC-134a 1 © Weight : 794 Weight 201 Weight : 744 HFC-1234ze Weight HFC-152a 1 Weight : 7944 Weight HFC-1234ze 759: 11 wt. HFC-227ea 1 wt.: 794 wt. 01: 794 HFC-1234ze wt. 0531. The present invention further relates a method for dissolving a coolant or heat transfer fluid in a coolant lubricant selected from group consisting of mineral oils, alkylbenzenes, synthetic paraffins, and synthetic napthenes wherein the said method involves exposing the lubricant to a coolant or heat transfer fluid in the presence of a matching agent; Where the coolant or heat transfer fluid consists of a component chosen from the group consisting of: 1 Weight: 794 Weight 11: 79594 HFC-1225ye Weight 1170-1528. 1 Weight : 794 ZV Weight : 794 HFC-1225ye Weight -HFC-1234yf 21 Vo Weight : 794 ZV Weight : 7919 HFC-1225ye Trans-HFC-1234ze Weight 1 Weight : Pounds 99 Weight 71: 194 HFC-1225ye Weight -HFC-1234zf 1 Weight: 7949 Weight HFC-1234ze 714: 01 Weight 1170-1348. 1 Weight: 794 Weight HFC-1234ze 7994: 01 Weight 1170-1528. 1 Weight: 794 Weight .HFC-227ea (Ys 1 : 7954 HFC-1234ze 21 Yo Weight : 7194 Weight ZY : 714 HFC-1234ze Weight .0531 f

Z — 117 - WHERE THE COMPATIBILITY FACTOR IS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP OF: THE SAME PARAGRAPH B ON PAGE 0 VOT NUMBERS FROM 01-1 IS PUT HERE THE CURRENT OF THE CURRENT INVENTION ALSO RELATED TO A METHOD FOR REPLACEMENT OF JE GWP REFRIGERANT IN A REFRIGERANT OR Air conditioning or heat pumping where the high GWP refrigerant is selected from the group consisting of the progression of this method © composition is selected from the group consisting of: 1 wt : 794 wt 71 : 7914 HFC-1225ye wt 170-1528]. 1 Weight: 99 pounds Weight 71: 794 HFC-1225ye Weight 1170-12341. 1) Weight: 794 Weight 1: 7914 HFC-1225ye Weight transHFC-1234ze 1 Weight: 794 Weight 7011: 794 HFC-1225ye Weight 1170-123425]. 21 Ve Weight: 794 Weight HFC-1234ze 744: 01 Weight HFC-134a 1 Weight: 7944 Weight HFC-1234ze 7914: 2 Weight 1170-1528. 1 Weight: 7989 Weight 71: 7954 HFC-1234ze Weight 1170-22768. 71 Weight : 99 lbs HFC-1234ze Weight 794 : 1 Weight 531. For said heat pump refrigeration or air conditioning equipment designed to use said High GWP Ye refrigerant. The present invention Unf relates to a method for the early detection of a refrigerant leak from a refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump equipment Cua This method uses an azeotropic composition in the required equipment and monitors for any decrease in cooling performance: YYAY

10” - one. fluoroolefin compositions The present invention relates to compositions containing at least a second fluoroolefin containing at least one additional component that may be Ua of the present invention, dimethyl ether, a hydrocarbon, and a hydro fluorocarbon (HFC) and . CO2 and CF31 bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfide (1) and other compounds in the present invention are in Table No. fluoroolefin and there are compounds © (1) Table esa | ao

CF3;CF=CHF 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene HFC-1225ye

CFsCH=CHF 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene HFC-1234z¢

CF;CF=CH, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene HFC-1234yf

CHEF,CF=CHF 1,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropene HFC-1234ye

CF3CH=CH, 3,3,3-trifluoropropene HFC-1243zf

HFC-32 and HFC-125

CHF,CHF, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane HFC-134

CH,FCF; 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane HFC-134a

CH;CF; 1,1,1-trifluoroethane HFC-143a

CHF>CHj; 1,1-difluoroethane HFC-152a

CH;CHoF HFC-161

CF3CHFCF; 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane HFC-227ea

CF;CHFCHF, 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane HFC-236ea

CF3CH, CF; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroethane HFC-236fa

CF;CH,CHF, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane HFC-245fa

CF;CH,CH,CHF, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane HFC-365mfc

CH;CH,CH propane

CHCHCHCH, Amsim

CH:CH(CH;)CH,

CH;CH(CH3)CH,CH; | 2-methylbutane TT]

CHCHCHCH, CHy | n-pentane cyclo-(CHy)s-

CH;0CH; dimethylether

YYAY

10) - — 55505 A bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfide 5505 [iodouifuoromethane | The compounds in table (1) can be prepared by methods known in this field. Exist in different stereoisomers as isomers or steriosomers © The invention includes all single isomers and sterioisomers or any mixture or combinations thereof, for example: cis- Jia 1,3,3,3-tetra-fluoropropene (HFC-1234ze) Roqs isomer = isomer or any mixture or combination thereof in any ratio.Another example is HFC-1225ye which Jia is an uh-isomer and a 5′0-isomer or any mixture or combination thereof in any ratio.0 The compositions of the present invention contain: 1170-1225 and at least one component selected from the group consisting of: HFC-1234ze, HFC-1234yf, HFC-1234ye, HFC-1243zf, 1170-32, HFC-125, and HFC HFC-134 and HFC-143a 3 HFC-134a and HFC-152a and HFC- 5 HFC-227ea 3 HFC-161 236ea and HFC-236fa and HFC-245fa t HFC -365mfc n-butane propane © isobutene 2-methylbutane n-pentane cyclopentane CF3SCF3, 002 dimethylether 5 .CF3I 1170-76 and 1 component At least be selected from the set of: YYAY

— 1

HFC-1225ye, HFC-1234yf, HFC-1234ye, HFC-1243zf, HFC-32, HFC-125,

HFC- 5 HFC-227ea 3 HFC-161, HFC-152a, HFC-143a, HFC-134a, HFC-134

isobutene s n-butane 5 propane t HFC-365mfc t HFC-245fa and HFC-236fa 5 236ea

Ru 2-methylbutane n-pentane cyclopentane CF38CF3, 02 dimethylether and © [03.

1170-7 and 1 component on JAY) to be selected from the combination of:

HFC-, HFC-134a, HFC-134, HFC-125, HFC-32, HFC-1243zf, HFC-1234ye

HFC-, HFC-236fa, HFC-236ea, HFC-227ea, HFC-161, HFC-152a, 143a

n-, 2-methylbutane, isobutene, n-butane s propane, HFC-365mfc, 245fa -CF31, CF3SCF3, 002 dimethylether, cyclopentane pentane 0

HFC-12342f and at least one component to be selected from the combination of:

HFC-, HFC-143a, HFC-134a, HFC-134, HFC-125, 1170-32, HFC-1234ye

HFC-, HFC-245fa, HFC-236fa, HFC-236ea, HFC-227ea, HFC-161, 48

365mfc, propane, n-butane, 1500160, 2-methylbutane, n-pentane, cyclopentane 0, dimethylether, 002 CF3SCF3, -CF31

1170-1234 and at least one component to be selected from the combination of:

HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134, HFC-134a, 1170-1438, HFC-161 5, HFC-152a,

n-, propane, HFC-365mfc, HFC-245fa, HFC-236fa, HFC-236ea, HFC-227ea

‎YYAY

1011 - - butane, 2-methylbutane s isobutene, cyclopentane n-pentane EDTA 016, CF3SCF3, CO2 and -CF3I Compositions of the present invention are generally useful when a fluoroolefin is present By 71 weight: 799 weight, or preferably from 770 weight: 799, and more preferably from 7406 weight to 744 weight, and more preferably from 78 weight to 744 weight. The present invention presents al compositions shown in Table (1). -1 50-99/50-1 25/5 97/3 HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a 1-99/99-1 40-99/60-1 90/10 HFC- 1 225ye/CO, 1 ,(-99.9/99.9- 1 .0 70-99.3/30-0.3 1 / 99 HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf 1-99/99-1 51-99/49-1 60/40 HFC- 1225ye/HFC- 50-98/1-40/1-40 L -98/1-98/1- / [S20 HPC.32 1-98/1-98/1-98 85/10/5 81/15/4 82/15/3 HFC-1225ye/HFC- 08/1 :50-98/1-40/0.3 1522/00 1-98/1-98/0.1-98 30 84/ 15/1 84/15.5/0.5 HFC-1225ye/HFC- 1-98/1-98/1-98 50-98/1-40/1-20 85/13/2 152a/propane HFC - 1 225ye/HFC- 1 52a/i- 98- 98/1 1 /98- 1 20- 1 /40- 50-98/1 3/2 85/1 butane HFC-1225ye/HFC- 9 1 50-98/1-40/1-20 85/13/2 SZ DME 98/1-98/1-98 HFC-1225ye/HFC- 1-98/1-98/1- 98 40-98/1-50/1-40 76/9/15 134a/HFC-152a HFC-1225ye/HFC- 1-98/1-98/1-98 20-98/1-50 1-40 88/9/3 134a/HFC-32 2 HFC- 1 225ye/HFC- 8 9 1 08- 1 8- 1 20 1 50- 1 40-98 0/4 1 / 86 YYAY

11 l 6 l 3406 | AA 1342/CO, 30 134a/propane butane 1342/DME 134/HFC-32 134a 32 1522 : 134a/HFC-152a/HFC-32 50/ 0.1-50 and | -10.90/10.90/0.1 | 1-98/1-98/0.1-98 HFC-1225ye/HFC- 70/20/10 soa | oer | PER | wenn ‎HFC-1225ye/HFC- 1-98/1-98/0.1-98 | 10-90/10-90/0.1 , 25/7312 roa and 50 1234yf/HFC-32 1234yf/HFC-152a 50 25/70/5 HFC-1225ye/HFC-1-98/1 -98/0.1-8 | -10-90/10-90/0.1 ,25/71/4 Tr 50 1234yf/HFC-125 25/74/1 45/45/10 CF, 23/25/52 1225ye and23 /25/52 HFC-1234z¢ YYAY

— YA — 23/25/52, 1234yf 15/45/40, and 10/60/30 65/3213 and | 5.70/5.70/1.20 | O-1-98/0.1-98/0.1-98 | ppc 15s /pC.1205ye/n. 85.1/11.5/3.4 but 66/32/2and 570/5.70/1.00 | 01-98/0.1-9800.1-98 | pipe asp pipe 86.1/11.5/2.4 1234ze/n-butane 6732/1 and | 5.90/5.70/1.00 | 0-1-98/0.1-98/0.1-98 | pipes jor 1234y fn. 87.1/11.5/1.4: butane 8 5 0 1 / 1 1 . 5/3 4 5-70/5-70/ 1 20 0 . 1 -98/0. 1 -98/0. 1-8 HFC- 1 25/HFC- and 65/32/3. : 1225ye/isobutane 8 6 0 1 / 1 1 . 5/2 4 5-70/5-70/ 1 20 0. 1 -98/0. 1 -98/0. 1 -98 HFC- 1 25/trans-HFC- and 66/32/2 i 1234ze/isobutane 8 7. 1 / 1 1 . 5/ 1 4 5-70/5-70/ 1 2 0 0 . 1 -98/0. i-98/0. 1 08 HFC- 1 2 5/HFC- 67/32/1 and 67/32/ 1234yf/isobutane 15-50/20-80/5-60 1-50/1-98/1-98 HFC-1234yf/HFC - 32/HFC-143a 10-40/59-90/1-10 | 1-40/59-98/1-0 HFC-1234yf/HFC- 32/isobutane 10-60/20-70/20- HFC-1234yf/HFC- 1-60/1-98/1-98 [PER] ena | CRE 10-40/59-90/1-10 | 1-40/59-98/1-20 HFC-1234yf/HFC- 125/isobutane 20-80/ 1 0-70/ 1 9- 1 -80/ 1 = 70/ 1 9-90 HFC- 1 234yf/HFC - 134/propane 20-70/10-70/29- HFC-1234yf/HFC- 1-70/1-98/29-98 [PRO] vos | FCIRGH 10-80/10-80/19- HFC-1234yf/HFC- 1-80/1-80/19-98 [REP] Moses | emer 10-80/10-80/1-20 1-98/1-98/1-30 HFC-1234yf/HFC-134a/n- butane 10-80/10-80/1-20 1-98/1 -98/1-30 HFC-1234yf/HFC- 134a/isobutane 10-80/10-80/1-20 HFC-1234yf/HFC- 1-98/1-98/1-40 and [mE nian 10-80/10-80/1-50 1-80/1-98/1-98 HFC-1234yf/HFC- 143a/propane 5-40/59-90/1-10 1-40/59-98/ 1-20 HFC-1234yf/HFC-143a/DME 10-80/10-80/1-20 | 1-98/1-98/1-30 | Loe 234yfHFC-152a/n- butane 10-80/10-80/1-20 1-98/1-90/1-40 HFC-1234y f/HFC- 152a/isobutane

YYAY

- 11 - 152a/DME [TR] meee 227ea/propane 50-98/10-49/1-10 40-98/1-59/1-20 HFC-1234yf/HFC-[Tee [we 50] -98/10-49/1-10 30-98/1-69/1-30 HFC-1234yf/HFC- e] 10-80/10-80/1-20 1-98/1- 80/1-98 HFC-1234yf/HFC- 10-80/10-40/1-20 1-98/1-40/1-98 HFC-1234yf/n- ee 10-90/1- 40/1-20 1-98/1-50/1-98 HFC-F | SMS S [Owes es Ami 10-80/1-20/10-70 1-98/1-40/1-80 HFC-] | sus wah [TE] | we 1234z¢/HFC-134

RE] A 1234ze/HFC-227ea ||] SR femme 1234ze/propane 10-80/10-80/1-20 1-98/1-98/1-30 HFC-1225ye/trans-HFC- [PR] A 1080/10-80/1-30 1-98/1-98/1-98 HFC-1225ye/trans-HFC- ] A RE] J 1234ze/ CF5SCF, [TR] | meme 1243zf/HFC-134 10-80/10-80/1-20 1-98/1-98/1-30 HFC-1225ye/HFC-] ee SS 10-80/10-80/1- 30 1-98/1-98/1-40 HFC-1225ye/HFC- es 10-80/10-80/1-30 1-98/1-98/1-98 HFC-1225ye/HFC- [TE] me

YYAY

- 01 - A | wee 124321701 10-80/10-80/1-50 1-98/1-98/1-98 HFC-1225ye/HFC- [ER] we

RI] | mee 134/HFC-227ea 10-80/10-80/1-30 1-98/1-90/1-40 HFC-1225ye/HFC-134/n- [Ten 10-80/10-80/1-] 30 1-98/1-90/1-40 HFC-1225ye/HFC-e | mee 10-80/10-80/1-30 1-98/1-98/1-40 HFC-1225ye/HFC-

TE wee 50-98/1-49/1-20 40-98/1-59/1-30 HFC-1225ye/HFC-e | wee 60-98/1-20/1-20 1-98/1-30/1-98 HFC-1225ye/n- ] 10-80/1-10/10-80 1-98/1 -20/1-98 HFC-1225ye/n- e] mee 40-90/1-30/1-30 1-98/1-60/1-98 HEC-

TT S TE | ers 1225ye/isobutane/CF;l

RE A 1243zf/HFC-227 10-80/10-80/1-20 1-98/1-98/1-30 trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-

EE [ee 10-80/10-80/1-30 1-98/1-98/1-40 trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC- RNSS [eee 10-80/10-80/1-40 1-98/1-98/1-98 trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-eee 10-80/10-80/1-50 | 1-98/1-98/1-98 trans-HFC-1234ze/ HEC.

I il tll ed

Re 134/HFC-227¢ea 10-80/10-80/1-30 1-98/1-98/1-40 trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-[A]weit SV Sto YYAY

— 1 - pleased | AA 10-80/10-80/1-30 | 1-98/1-98/1-50 trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC.- 20-90/1-50/1-30 1-98/1-98/1-98 trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-

I a Als 10-80/10-80/1-30 | 1-98/1-98/1-40 trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC- a a God M 10-90/1-30/1-30 1-98/1-40/1-98 trans-HF C -12347¢/1.

I RR Alsa 10-80/1-20/10-80 | 1-98/1-30/1-98 trans-HFC-1234ze/1. a with me 10-90/1-30/1-30 1-98/1-60/1-98 trans-HFC- me 10-80/1-20/10-80 | 1-98/1-40/1-98 trans-HFC-

I a 10-80/1-20/10-80 | 1-98/1-40/1-98 trans-HFC-

CF, SCF;

EE A6 134/HFC-227ea 10-80/10-80/1-30 | 1-98/1-98/1-40 HFC-12432/HFC-134/n-

I a a 10-80/10-80/1-30 | 1-98/1-98/1-98 HFC-12432f/HFC-

I Al-Jeddjieen for Nancy SS A were 134/CF,l 10-80/10-80/1-50 | 1-98/1-98/1-98 HFC- 12432 HFC-

I Amoi A 10-80/10-80/1-30 | 1-98/1-98/1-40 | 10-12432017134 [ree] 1 nm 10-70/1-50/29-40 | 1-70/1-70/29-98 HFC-12432f/HFC- A 10-80/1-80/1-20 1-98/1-98/1-30 1 16-12432011152 A AAA 152a/isobutane | 1080140130 | 1980980-98 | ppcjpyzspurc.

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YY - For TT ise 11170-12432011 1-98/1-98/1-40 10-80/1-80/1-30 227ea/n-butane HFC-12432f HEC.1- 98/1-90/1-50 10-80/1-80/1-30 227ea/isobutane HFC-12432f HFC. 1-98/1-80/1-90 10-80/1-80 1-30 / 227ea/DME 110-1243270 1-98/1-40/1-98 10-90/1-30/1-30 butane/DME HFC. 1-98/1- 60/1-98 10-90/1-30/1-30 1243zf/isobutane/DME HFC. 1-98/1-40/1-98 10-80/1-30/10-80 zf/isobutane/CF;] 1243 HEC. 1-98/1-40/1-90 10-80/1-30/10-80 1243zf/ DME/CF;SCF; CC] 5- 80/1-70/1-80 1-98/1-98/1-98 | ypc 1205ye/HFC-32/CFl -1-97/1-97/1-97/1 -1-80/1-70/5 - 2- HFC-1225ye/HFC 97/1-97 70/ 5-70 1234yf/HFC-32/HFC-125 -1-97/1-97/1-97/1 -5-70/5-70/5 -1225ye/HFC- HFC-1225ye /HEFC 97/1-97 80/5-70 1234yf/HFC-32/HFC-134a HFC-1225ye/HFC- -1-96/1-96/1-96/1 -1-70 /1-60/1 1234yf/HFC-32/HFC- 96/1-96 70/1-60/1-60 125/01 HFC-1225ye/HFC- -1-97/1-97/ 1-97/1 -10-80/5-70/5 32/HFC-125/HFC-152a 97/1-97 70/5-70 HFC-1225ye/HFC- -1-97/1 -97/1-97/1 -5-70/5-70/5 32/HFC-125/isobutane 97/1-97 70/1-30 HFC-1225ye/HFC- -1-97/ 1-97/1-97/1 -5-70/5-70/5 32/HFC-125/propane 97/1-50 70/1-30 HFC-1225ye/HFC- -1-97 1-97/1-97/1 -5-70/5-70/5 32/HFC-125/DME 97/1-50 70/1-30 HFC-1225ye/HFC- -1- 97/1-97/1-97/1 -5-70/5-70/5 32/CF3l/DME 97/1-50 70/1-30 HFC-125ye/HFC-32/HFC- | 1-97/1-97/1-97/1-97 | -10-80/5-70/5 125/051 70/1-80 HFC-1234yf/HFC-32/CF;l | 1-98/1-98/1-98 10-80/1-70/1-80 | A HFC-1234yf/HFC- 1-97/1-97/1-97/1-97 -5-70/5-80/1 32/HFC-134a/CF;l 70/5-70 HFC-1234y{/HFC- 1-98/1-98/1-98 10-80/5-80/10-80 32/HFC-125 HFC-1234yf/HFC- 1-97/ 1-97/1-97/1-97 | 10-80/5-70/10 32/HFC-125/CF31 80/5-80 AC

0#

It is expected to maintain its properties and efficacy when all constituents are present in the concentrations indicated in Table +/- “Weight.” As for formulations containing 002, they are expected to persist for

Its properties and efficacy when present in concentrations such as those shown in Table +/- 70.7 wt. © The compositions in the present invention are azeotropic or near azeotropic; Azeotropes mean a mixture of two or more substances that have a constant lle degree and these substances act as one substance; One of the methods of pl) on the azeotropic composition; It is by observing that the composition of the vapor rising from the vaporization (ad) or distillation of the liquid is the same as the composition of the liquid from which this vapor has evaporated; In other words, the liquid is distilled and refluxed without any change in its composition. Compositions with a constant boiling point are defined

0 as azeotropic compounds oY have either a high or low boiling point compared to non-azeotropic formulations of the same compounds. The azeotropic composition is not parted during the operation of a refrigeration or air conditioning system, which may reduce the effectiveness of the system »; They also do not lind Ba through leaks from the refrigeration or air conditioning system. If a flammable component is present in the formulation, fractionation can occur Ud during leakage; Either inside or outside the system.

0 The composition close to the azeotrope or “azeotropic-like” as it is sometimes referred to is the combination of two or more substances that have a virtually constant boiling point, where these substances act as one substance. It is actually the same as the composition of the liquid from which this vapor rose. In other words, the refluxing and refluxing of the mixture does not cause an actual change in the composition. Another way to find out the combination is similar to from

Yes, the azeotropy is that the vapor pressure of the effervescent point is actually the same as the vapor pressure of the dew point.

with you

Ye - of the composition at a given temperature. The composition becomes azeotropic when 750 weights are removed from the composition by evaporation, for example, or by boiling, and the difference in vapor pressure between the original composition and the one after removing 720 weights is less than 701. Table (©) shows the azeotropic compositions of the present invention at a given temperature. ° Table 0 Ratio al w .. a kPa Psia Gravity degree B A Temperature |HFC-152a | |HFC-1234yf |910| 90 | 179[ 123[ 25 |HFC-123dyf|0068| 535 | 465 | 131 | 90 | 25 Ea 123426 |HFC-1243zf |HFC-1225ye |400 | 60.0 | 136 94 | 25 [isobutane |HFC-1225ye |793]. 207 | 139 | [96 | 25 CE 1234ze Ce ee Jw 1234ze 123426 123426 ee 1234ze YYAY

— Yo_—

TT ose 123426 for any 1234ze: 1234ze 123426 | 90 [131 | 215 | 785 |HFC-227ea |HFC-1243zf 25 | 98 | 143 | 193 | 807 isobutane __|HFC-1243zf : or 123426 123426 123426 : = 1234ze £ In addition there are three azeotropic compounds shown in the Lodge Table Kum and SSS | ee [ae © Component B Component A Component Heat | (kPa) | (psi) | © Waznia 3 | weight | A weight oo fom fn [oo [oo | 0 | cm um -25 345 50.02 21.8 74.3 3.9 HFC-32 HFC-1234yf 143A [2s [aes [soos | os | oor | nd | soon | wrcar | “Go on

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— Y2_

HFC- -25 266 38.62 42.1 43.5 14.4 HFC-125 HFC-1234yf 143A B 081 MD 34.30 HEC134 | Designed by 10.33 p.m. | HFC-1234yf 5401 wide 18.53 mm with me | with a 19.36 HFCA3a | HRC-123ayr 2s | no | va shining | Mado 048, located 59.08 inches | HFC-1234yt 797 | 27 | 108 | $66 | whuane | with | nrc 19.2 HEC-15 | Motasim 11.78 Metw 53.84 HEC227ea | Madsi 807 | 21 | 160 | kah | whuane | listen | mrcizsay 19.27 HEC.227ea | HEC-1234y1

DME

13.15 Ho 14.19 HRC 123 1565 HEC 1234yt | 100 | was 00565 24 trans-HFC- -25 88.0 12.77 47.0 5.6 47.4 HFC-134 HFC-1225ye 123426

HFC- trans-HFC- -25 80.2 11.63 52.6 28.4 HFC-1225ye 227ea 123426 trans-HFC- -25 209 30.36 70.0 9.1 20.9 propane HFC-1225ye 1234ze trans-HFC- -25 85.4 12.39 24 1. 65.8 n-butane HFC-1225ye 1234z ¢ trans-HFC- -25 75.7 10.98 40.1 41.0 DME HFC-1225ye 1234276 trans-HFC- -25 87.3 12.66 65.2 33.7 CF;SCF; HFC-1225ye 123426 13.80 HEC-134 | HPCA24%f 1 HRC-1225ye 1395 6243# | HFC-122530 14.8) HFC-12057 | YYAY

- 1 - sucking | HFC-1225yc 14.05 Polished | p mt | 268 | 96 | 38 d |mrcise| Damn rca

HFC- -25 84.9 12.32 46.4 52.3 1.3 HFC-134 HFC-1225ye 227068 1434 with | HEC-1225y0 16.68 inch | sucking sucker | Anwar 1093 Moody | to use | Maybe | 660 | 30 [this | wowane | wrcmse 125 0505 225 128) HFC. 1225yc 2s | 09 | Muddy and swirling

HFC-trans-HFC- -25 90.4 13.11 19.2 73.7 7.1 HFC-1243zf 227ea 1234ze trans-HFC- -25 92.9 13.48 9.3 81.2 9.5 n-butane HFC-1243zf 1234zf 1234z¢ trans-HFC-5 98.3 1 4.26 19.1 77.6 3.3 isobutane HFC -1243zf 1234ze trans-HFC- -25 82.9 12.03 27.4 70.0 2.6 DME HFC-1243zf 123426 trans-HFC- -25 85.3 12.37 5.1 42.9 52.0 HFC-152a HFC-134 123426

HFC- trans-HFC- -25 86.9 12.61 26.8 43.2 30.0 HFC-134 227ea 1234ze trans-HFC- -25 67.3 9.76 17.7 54.7 27.7 DME HFC-134 1234ze trans-HFC- -25 99.4 14.42 5 1.0 34.7 14.4 HFC-152a HFC- 134a 12426 trans-HFC- -25 106 15.41 14.1 80.5 5.4 n-butane HFC-152a 1234ze trans-HFC- -25 74.5 10.80 24.5 16.4 59.1 DME HFC-152a 1234z¢ trans-HFC- -25 86. 9 12.61 11.3 48.5 40.1 n- butane HFC-227¢ca 1234ze trans-HFC- -25 77.8 11.29 18.9 13.0 DME 1234ze

YYAY

— YA - trans-HFC- -25 81.8 11.87 9.1 9.7 81.2 CF;l n-butane 122426 trans-HFC- -25 854 12.38 15.8 28.7 55.5 DME isobutane 1234ze trans-HFC- -25 86.7 12.57 59.0 34 9.011 isobutane 123426 trans- HFC- -25 87.3 12.66 61.7 37.7 CF;SCF; isobutane 1234z¢

HFC- -25 93.4 13.54 7.3 34.1 58.6 HFC-134 HFC-1243zf 227ea 14.72 TL | Mummified 1001 Mummified | HFC-1243uf 2s | 096 prepared | 607 | 239 | na | L | wrens | mecaom 1495 HFC: | HPC-I34a Lumia 17.03 HRCA | Dead 31.73 place | DADS | 108 | shine | 2s location | us | es HPC20 | Prosecutor 1141 Amir Maan er | os | 24 | die | whume | mrcame | mri 15.00 HEC.227e0 | Absorbent 1278 102270 | HFC-124%af 228 | 296 | 101 | 603 | DME | No | mHRci2em 13.16 HEC. 124 321 39 | 61 | 10 | 328 | CR | Mesim | mpc 13.60 rSCF, HEC 124320 © specific indicated in Table Ha and the azeotropic compounds of the present invention at degree © ratio table | JA grade (weight ratio B component A temperature component B weight 1-57/99-43 HFC-32 HFC-1234yf 1-51/99-49 HFC-125 HFC- 1234yf 1-99/99-1 HFC-134 HFC-1234yf 1-99/99-1 HFC-134a HFC-1234yf 1-99/99-1 HFC-152a HFC-1234yf

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— Yq_:

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~Yr. _ 1-99/99-1 HFC-227ea HFC-1243zf 53-99/47-1 HFC-236ea HFC-1243zf 49-99/51-1 HFC-236fa HFC-1243zf 66-99/34-1 HFC-245fa HFC-1243zf 1-71/99-29 HFC-1243zf 62-99/38-1 HFC-1243zf 45-99/55-1 HFC-1243zf 1-99/99-1 HFC-12432f 1-99/99-1 HFC-236a cis- HFC-1234ze 1-99/99-1 HFC-236fa cis- HFC-1234ze 1-99/99-1 HFC-245fa cis- HFC-1234ze 1-80/99-20 cis- HFC -1234ze 1-69/99-31 cis- HFC-1234ze 60-99/40-1 2-methylbutane cis- HFC-1234ze 63-99/37-1 cis- HFC-1234ze 38-99/62-1 HFC -134 HFC-1234ye 1-99/99-1 HFC-236ea HFC-1234ye 1-99/99-1 HFC-236fa HFC-1234ye 1-99/99-1 HFC-245fa HFC-1234ye 1-99/99- 1 cis-HFC-1234ze HFC-1234ye 1-78/99-22 HFC-1234ye 70-99/30-1 HFC-1234ye 1-68/99-32 HFC-1234ye 47-99/53-1 2-methylbutane HFC -1234ye 57-99/43-1 HFC-1234ye fluoroolefin There are triple azeotropic compounds of a higher order that include fluoroolefin + shown in Table 6 of the degree table 'range of semi-azbute' s erodrobic Humidity 2: For the components (Ratio) of heat 1-98/1-98/1-98 HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/HFC-152a 1-98/1-98/1-98 HFC-1225ye/HFC -134a/HFC-161 1-98/1-98/1-40 HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/isobutane 1-98/1-98/1-20 HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/DME 1-98/ 1-98/1-50 | HFC-1225ye/HFC-152afisobutane 1-98/1-98/1-98 HFC-1225ye/HFC-152a/DME 1-98/1-98/1-98 HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC-134a 1 -98/1-98/1-98 HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC-152a

YYAY

1 -

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— FY-

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+0 _

1-98/1-98/1-98 | HFC-1243zf/HFC-134/CE;

1-98/1-98/1-98 HFC-1243z{/HFC-134a/HFC-152a

1-98/1-98/1-40 | HFC-1243zf/HFC-134a/n-butane

1-70/1-70/29-98 | HFC-1243zf/HFC-152a/propane

1-98/1-98/1-30 | HFC-1243zf/HFC-152a/n-butane

1-98/1-98/1-40 | HFC-1243zf/HFC-152a/isobutane

1-98/1-98/1-98 HFC-12432/HFC-152a/DME

1-98/1-98/1-40 | HFC-12432f/HFC-227ea/n-butane

1-98/1-90/1-50 HFC-12432f/HFC-227ea/isobutane

1-98/1-80/1-90 HFC-1243zf/HFC-227ea/DME

1-98/1-40/1-98 HFC-1243zf/n-butane/DME

1-98/1-60/1-98 | HFC-1243zflisobutane/DME

1-98/1-40/1-98 | HFC-1243zf/isobutane/CF1

1-98/1-40/1-90 HFC-1243zf/DME/CF3SCF,

Some of the compositions in the present invention are azeotropic.

Azeotropic compositions may have advantages over azeotropic or similar structures

Azeotropic compositions are mixtures of two or more substances that act as a mixture, not as a single substance.

© There is a way to identify it, where the composition of the vapor produced by partial or partial evaporation is different

About the composition of the liquid from which al has risen, meaning that the mixture is distilled and refluxed with

an actual change in composition; Another way to identify these combinations is; Namely, that pressure

The vapor pressure of the effervescence point is actually different from the vapor pressure of the dew point at a given temperature.

The composition becomes azeotropic when 700 weight of the composition is removed by evaporation or boiling; And be the difference

0 in vapor pressure between the original composition and the composition after 720 All) weighing more than 700 can

Prepare the compositions in the present invention by any suitable method for all required quantities of the ingredients [YYAY].

Cove single. The preferred method is to weigh the required quantities of each component separately, then mix the components in a suitable container, and vibration can be used if required. more in combination (1) of De This method of making the decontamination mixture sufficient enough to return L(Y) coolant from at least . One container containing coolant© Use the ingredient specified (3). Mix all or part of the specified volumes of components with one component or at least one additional refrigerant composition. or air conditioning or heat pump device.The receptacle of the refrigerant may be the refrigeration device or the air conditioning device

0 Air or heat pump device in which the refrigerant composition mixture is used. In addition, the refrigerant receptacle may be a storage receptacle for collecting the components of the refrigerant composition mixture specified and includes. But do not comply. compressed gas cylinders; Residual coolant means any quantity of the coolant mixture or component of the coolant mixture that may be moved out of the coolant container by any method known to transfer the coolant mixtures or components of the coolant mixture.

0 Impurities may be any component of the refrigerant mixture or components of the refrigerant mixture due to use in a refrigeration equipment, air conditioning equipment, or heat pump equipment. These impurities include, but are not limited to, the refrigerant lubricants previously described, small metal particles, metal salts, or rubber material particles that may be from refrigeration equipment, air conditioning equipment, heat pump equipment, or any other contaminant that could adversely affect the performance of the refrigerant mixture. .

‎YYAY

Yo _ - These impurities can be removed to a degree sufficient to permit reuse of the coolant mixture or coolant mixture component without adversely affecting the performance or equipment in which the coolant mixture or coolant mixture component is used. It may be necessary to add an additional coolant mixture or coolant mixture component to the remaining coolant mixture or © coolant mixture component in order to obtain a formulation that meets the desired characteristics of a particular product. (eg tJ] when a cooled mixture of © components is in a certain weight percentage range it may be necessary to add one or more components in a certain amount in order to keep the composition within the required properties. The formulations of the present invention have little or no effect of 1a on the weights and 0 have little effect on the global warming (GWP) In addition, the formulations of the present invention have a small effect on the GWP Compared to many HFC justifications currently in use. One aspect of the present invention is to provide a refrigerant having an effect of (6170) less than 0001 less than 000; A Jil Vo of 001 is less than 0 9. Another aspect of the present invention is the net reduction (GWP) of refrigerant mixtures by adding fluoroolefins to these mixtures. Vo 0 compositions used in the present invention that are useful for reducing (GWP) to replace existing refrigerants include but are not limited to the following: (or HFC-134a, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) 11348 and R22 (or HCFC- 22, chlorodifluoromethane) and (or HFC-123, 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) 1123, R11 R12 (CFC-12, dichlorodifluoromethane) 5 (CFC-11, fluorotrichloromethane ) and R245fa (or HFC-245fa, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane) Ye and R114 (or CFC-114, 1,2-dichloro- YYAY

1, R236fa (or HFC-236fa, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane) and 1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane)

R407C and R124 (or HCFC-124, 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane)

R32 wt 8125 and 277 wt Ye for a mixture of 707 wt 81348 and ASHARE design 750 wt (R125 for a mixture of 741.3 wt ASHARE (design R410A (difluoromethane) 711.5 wt 5 R125 788.1 for an ASHAE mixture (design R422A (n-butane) w/¥,¢ sR134a ©

R125 for a mixture of 44 7 wt. ASHARE (design R404A (isobutene 77.4 wt. 3) R134a (design 77.4 wt.) ASHARE 5078 (design (R134a, 4 4 wt.) trifluoroethane (01011) trifluoroethane) and R143a 787 wt. 8125 weight and 0 75 weight 81438).In addition, the compositions of the present invention can replace 750 751.7 ASHARE BLEND OR (Design R12 (CFC-12, dichlorodifluoromethane)

JHCFC=YY L€A,A 5 (chloropentafluoroethane) (FC=YYo Ve weight) Substitution refrigerants are often advantageous if they can be used in original refrigeration equipment designed for a different refrigerant. Compositions of the present invention can They are useful for replacing the aforementioned refrigerants in their original equipment; in addition to that, the compositions of the present invention can be useful for replacing the aforementioned refrigerants in equipment designed to use the aforementioned refrigerants. Lubricants (B15) The lubricants in this invention consist of refrigeration lubricants, in other words lubricants suitable for use in a refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump apparatus. Among the lubricants are those used in a pressurized refrigeration apparatus in which ( CFCs and these lubricants and their properties are listed in: the 1990 ASHRAE Handbook, Refrigeration Systems and Applications, chapter 8, titled “Lubricants in Refrigeration Systems”, pages 8.1 through 8.21.

YYAY

YV _—— The lubricants of the present invention may consist of substances known to “mineral oils” in the field of compressed refrigeration lubricants and consist of paraffins (straight chain or branched chain carbon and saturated hydrocarbons) paraffins) cyclic naphthenes 5 ) hydrocarbons) unsaturated cyclic aromatics containing one or more rings characterized by alternating double bonds). The lubricants in the present invention may also consist of substances known as “synthetic oils” in the field of compressed refrigeration lubrication. Commercially available representative conventional lubricants of the present invention are: BVM 100 N (paraffinic mineral oil sold by BVA Oils), Suniso® 365 and Suniso® 5 (naphthenic mineral oil sold by Crompton Co.), Sontex® 372LT (naphthenic mineral oil sold by Pennzoil), Calumet® RO-30 (naphthenic mineral oil sold by Calumet Lubricants) The lubricants used in the present invention also consist of those designed for use with CFC refrigerants and may be blended with refrigerants1 to invent the current under pressurized refrigeration operating conditions”; 0, air conditioning or heat pump device. Such materials are listed in: Zerol® 75, Zerol® 150 and Zerol® 500 (linear alkylbenzenes sold by Shrieve

Chemicals) and HAB 22 (branched alkylbenzene sold by Nippon Oil). These lubricants are available from a variety of commercial sources. ‎YYAY

Or is the selection of lubricants in the present invention given the requirements of the compressor and the environment to which the lubricant will be exposed. Preferably, the viscosity of the lubricants used in the present invention shall be at least © (centstock) at 60 °C. 0 Some commonly used additives in refrigeration systems can be added as desired to the compositions of the present invention in order to improve lubrication and system stability. These additives are commonly known in the refrigeration compressor lubrication industry and include anti-wear agents, high-pressure lubricants a, oxidation inhibitors (JST), metal surface inhibitors, free radical scourers, foaming and non-foaming agents, leak reagents, etc.; As a dale these additives are present only in small quantities relative to the total composition of the lubricant. It is used in concentrations from less than 7001 to 727, depending on the type of each addition. These add-ons are selected based on individual system requirements. Typical examples of these additives include: Additives to improve lubrication such as: alkyl or aryl esters of phosphoric acid and of thiophosphates. Additionally, the metal dialkyl dithiophosphates (e.g. zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate or ZDDP, Lubrizol 13 75) and other members of the same family of these chemicals may also be used in formulations of the present Vo. It also includes natural oils and asymmetric Polyhydroxyl lubricating additives such as: synergol TMS (international lubricants); Similarly, stabilizers, antioxidants, free radical scavengers and water scavengers can also be used. This group includes Jie -epoxides and butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) compounds and the compositions of the present invention may also contain from 70.01 wt to 26 wt of additives representing stabilizers, free radical scavengers and antioxidants. These additions include: 0

YYAY

0 lactones thiols, phosphates s hydroxylamines hindered phenols s Nitromethane The compositions of the present invention may also contain 70.501 wt. © Compositions of the present invention also contain a tracer selected from the group consisting of: deuterated hydrocarbons 5 hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, brominated compounds fluoroethers, iodated compounds, and alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, nitrous oxide (N20) and mixtures thereof. 0 These substances are added to the formulations in the quantities specified previously to allow detection of any dilution, contamination, or change in the composition as described in US Patent No. 11/067044 filed in YA February Yao Table (V) ) traceable materials used in the present invention. Table 7 Deuterated hydrocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons Ethane-d6 CD;CD; CD;CD,CD;

HFC-32-d2

HFC-134a-d2 CD, FCF;

HFC-143a-d3 CD;CF;

YYAY

— 4.0 11100-24511000 or HFOC-CHF,0CH,CF;

HFOC-245¢bEC TC or HFOC-245¢b 00 CH30CF,CF; 0

YYAY

— 1

PFC-C216

PFCCSI-Zmym, cis | Cyclo(:CF.CR(CE;)CF(CFs)CFy)

Perfluorodimethylcyclo-hexane (ortho, Cyclo(-CF2CF,(CF3)CF,CFy(CF3)CF»-)

RCRA

FoF

F z

F

F

N Perfluorotrimethylcyclo-hexane (all | (, 0) 7 (01) and 7-) maan 07 (0) 050 ma | CIBER, . Perfluorodecalin (cis or trans, trans CioF 13 (see structure below) en | Mother A

F F

F F] A: 7 F ~/ F ny

F F FF

Perfluoromethyldecalin (cis or trans) (see structure below)

CFsF.F

F 3 the best 2 F 7 =, 3 F FF

YYAY

ty — for I1,2-trifluoro- 1-iodoethane 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-iodoethane 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro- 1,2-diiodoethane CF,ICF ;l lodopentafluorobenzene Alcohols CH,CH,0H CH; CH,CH,OH CH;CH(OH)CH; Ketones s Aldehydes CH;C(O)CH; CH;CH,CHO CH;CH,CH,CHO Methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone CH;C(O)CH,CHs; Schedule (V) substances are available commercially (at chemical stores) or may be prepared by processes known in the art. A single tracer may be used in a mixture With a coolant or heating fluid in the formulations of the present invention or sae tracers Lie are mixed in any proportion for use as a tracer mixture © The mixture of tracers may contain several tracer compounds of the same group of compounds or of different groups of compounds. For example, a tracer mixture can contain ?or isi of deuterated HFC or one compound of HFC 0601:8160 with one or more compounds of perfluorocarbons. In addition some compounds in Schedule (V) ) exist as multiple isomers either synthetically or optically. 0 A single isomer or multiple isomers of the same compound may be used in any ratio to prepare the compound YYAY

iY = — tracker. Single or multiple isomers of a given compound may also be mixed in any ratio with any Ne of other compounds for use as a tracer mixture. The tracer compound or mixture of traceables may be found in formulations at total concentrations of about #0 ppm wt to 1,000 ppm; Preferably concentrations from 0 5 ppm © to © 5000 ppm and more preferably concentrations from 01 ppm to Foo ppm . Compositions of the present invention may also contain a compatibility agent selected from the group consisting of polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, ketones nitriles, fluoroethers, aryl ethers, lactones, esters, chlorocarbons 5 0, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes. . The compatibility agent is used to improve the solubility of HFC refrigerants in conventional lubricants used in refrigeration processes. Refrigeration lubricants are used to lubricate the compressor of a refrigeration, air-conditioning or heat pump equipment. The lubricant must move with the refrigerant inside the equipment, especially VO. It must return from the compressor-free spaces to the compressor in order to function and prevent damage to the compressor. In general, HFC refrigerants are not compatible with conventional refrigerant lubricants such as mineral oils, synthetic 5 alkyebenzenes paraffins, synthetic 5 naphthenes, and poly alphaolefins.

Introducing many lubricants to replace traditional lubricants and anyway there are suggestions

To use polyvinyl ethers 5 poly esters 5 polyalkylene glycols with ©1170 but they are expensive and absorb

water quickly.

The presence of water in a refrigeration, air-conditioning, or heat pump device can cause corrosion and build-up

© Small parts can clog the connecting pipes and other small openings within the system

cause system failure. In addition, current equipment requires time-consuming and high-tech operations

The cost of using a new lubricant. Therefore, it is desirable to continue using the substance

Original lube if possible.

The compatibilities of the present invention improve the dissolution of HFC refrigerants in conventional 0 refrigerant lubricants and thus improve the return of oil to the compressor. a

The ether conformers of the Polyoxyalkylene moieties of the present invention are represented by the formula

(RI[(OR2)xOR3]y where:

.?-1 number of: X

Y : number of (RlIg€-Y) to be selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals 5 hydrogen having p 1-6 carbon atoms 5 y the number of tR2 bonds to be selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having

of 1-4 carbon atoms and 23 to be selected from aliphatic & alicyclic hydrocarbon hydrogen

radicals have 1-1 carbon atoms and at least either RI or R2 is a hydrocarbon radical such that

The molecular weight of polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers is from 00-001 mass unit weight.

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— to _—

One of the preferred compatibility agents of the present invention is polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers having formula

RI[(OR2)xOR3}y where:

*: preferably Y=) and no: preferably 1, 81 and 183 are preferred to be selected from hydrogen

aliphatic carbon atoms and their 82 are selected from 1-4 of their aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals s

hydrocarbylene radicals © have 7 or © carbon atoms and preferably 1 carbon atoms” so that

Molecular weight polyoxyalkylene glycol etherd preferred from 001 to Yoo atomic mass unit;

Preferably from 11 to You atomic mass unit. Hydrocarbon radicals can be in

RI and 83 have a 1-1 number of carbon atoms that are either linear, cyclic or branched. RI and 83 Ma include Methyl 0, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl sec-butyl,

cyclopentyl, tert-pentyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, and pentyl

,. cyclohexyl and

where the free hydroxyl radicals are in the present polyoxyalkylene glycol ether compatibility agents

Not compatible with the building materials of some o (Mylar®) Jie compressed refrigeration devices, where R35 RI is preferably 0 aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1-? carbon atom, preferably 53 carbon

oxyalkylene carbon atom 1-4 has one aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals R2 385.

5 repeated - Allg - (OR2)X includes:

-oxybutylene radicals, oxypropylene radicals, and oxyethylene radicals

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fn the (oxyalkylene radical) R2 in one molecule of the compatibility agent polyoxyalkylene glycol ether can be the same or have different R2 groups. The current compatibility agents consist of polyoxyalkylene ethers with at least one oxypropylene cradical where 141 is an alicyclic hydrocarbon sl aliphatic having −11 ys dads sites; © is either linear, branching, or congenital. Among the hydrocarbon radicals, which represent 11 and contain two bond sites: a butylene radical, a propylene radical an ethylene radical, a pentylene radical, a cyclopentylene radical s a hexylene radical, a cyclohexylene radical, and hydrocarbon radicals which Judd 181 contains three or four linker sites: trimethylolpropane polyalcohols 0, pentaerythritol s glycerin, and 0 1,3,5-trihydroxycyclohexane 1,2,3-trihydroxycyclohexane by removing the special hydroxyl radical them. The 5 polyoxyalkybneglycal compatibility factors include: (or CH3) (propylene glycol methyl (or dimethyl) ether), 11300112011)0113(001 CH3O[CH2CH(CH3)OJ2(H or CH3) (dipropylene glycol methyl ( dipropylene glycol methyl ) or dimethyl) ether), \o CH3O[CH2CH(CH3)O]3(H or CH3) (tripropylene glycol methyl (or dimethyl) ether), C2H50CH2CH(CH3)O(H or C2HS5) (propylene glycol ethyl (or diethyl) ether), C2HS50O[CH2CH(CH3)O]2(H or C2HS5) (dipropylene glycol ethyl (or diethyl) ether), YYAY

— VY —

CZH50[CH2CH(CH3)O]}3(H or C2H5) (tripropylene glycol ethyl (or diethyl) ether),

C3H7OCH2CH(CH3)O(H or C3H7) (propylene glycol n-propyl (or di-n-propyl) ether),

C3H7O[CH2CH(CH3)O]2(H or C3H7) (dipropylene glycol n-propyl (or di-n-propyl) ether) , C3H7O[CH2CH(CH3)O]3(H or C3H7) (tripropylene glycol n- propyl (or di-n- propyl) ether), C4AH9OCH2CH(CH3)CH (propylene glycol n-butyl ether), ©

C4H9O[CH2CH(CH3)O]2(H or C4H9) (dipropylene glycol n-butyl (or di-n-butyl) ether), CAH9O[CH2CH(CH3)O]3(H or C4H9) (tripropylene glycol n- butyl (or di-n- butyl) ether), (CH3)3COCH2CH(CH3)OH (propylene glycol t-butyl ether), (CH3)3CO[CH2CH(CH3)O]2(H or (CH3)3) ( dipropylene glycol t-butyl (or di-t-butyl) ether), (CH3)3CO[CH2CH(CH3)O]3(H or (CH3)3) (tripropylene glycol t-butyl (or di-t- Ve butyl) ) ether), CSH11OCH2CH(CH3)OH (propylene glycol n-pentyl ether),

C4H9OCH2CH(C2H5)OH (butylene glycol n-butyl ether),

C4H9O[CH2CH(C2H5)O]2H (dibutylene glycol n-butyl ether), trimethylolpropane tri-n- butyl ether (C2H5C(CH20(CH2)3CH3)3) and trimethylolpropane di-n-butyl ether (C2H5C(CH20C(CH2) (3CH3)2CH20H). Vo of the present invention include those represented by formula Amid The cyclo-[R4C(O)N(RS5)] compatibility agents of formula RIC(O)NR2R3 having from aliphatic & alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals are selected from RS “R3 (R2 (RI) where: 1-1 atom of aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals is selected from R45 carbon atom 1-17 atomic mass units and preferably from 00-001 It has a molecular weight of Amides of Carbon” and since 0

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fA — 1820-0 atomic mass units. It can include (RI said say) substituent hydrocarbon radicals R5; that is: it contains substitution groups other than hydrocarbons that are selected from halogens such as (fluorine, chlorine) and (methoxy) alkoxides and can “(RI a ¢R3 ad RS contains substituent groups containing sy) various hydrocarbon radicals Jie which © contain nitrogen (aza-), oxygen (oxa-) and ya sulfur (thia-) of carbon atoms in the chain of hydrocarbon radicals and generally not contain more than 3 non-hydrocarbon substituents and various atoms; preferably not more than one substituent for every 10 carbon atoms. That the aforementioned molecular weight limits be taken into account when there are non-hydrocarbon substitutes and different atoms in R1-3. The preferred compatibility factors Amides consist of Carbon and hydrogen 0:80 00 and 0p000. Li “R2” means aliphatic RS “R4 and alicyctic radicals include methyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, but tert- pentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and their isomers. A preferred form of the Amidesdapalleyclo compatibility factor is [RAC(O)N(RS)-] where R4 is hydrocarbylene radical (CR6R7)n 0 so the formula becomes [-(0657(002)0(11)565) ]-01010»; Where the previous values are applied to it from the “hydrocarbon radical RS” 0=Y tn saturated with 1-17 carbon atom 86; R7 is chosen as: .R1-3 and in the lactams represented by the formula cyclo- [-(0868700)014)83)] preferably both 66 and 87 hydrogen or contain a hydrocarbon radical One saturated hydrocarbon radical R5 5 n-methylene unit is a saturated Yo containing 7-17 carbon atoms. For example: F

1-(saturated hydrocarbon radical)-5-methylpyrrolidin-2-ones. The following: Amides include compatibilities, l-octyl-5-methylpyrrolidin-2-one, 1-decylpyrrolidin-2-one, 1-octylpyrrolidin-2-one, and 1- butyl-5-methylpiperid-2-one and 1-cyclohexylpyrrolidin-2-one 1-butylcaprolactam 1-hexyl-5-methylpyrrolidin-2-one 1-hexylcaprolactam 1-pentyl-5-methylpiperid-2-one © 1- and 1,3-dimethylpiperid-2-one and 5-methyl-1-pentylpiperid-2-one and one 1-decyl- and 1,5-dimethylpiperid-2-one 1- butyl-pyrrolidin-2-one is methylcaprolactam

N,N- and N,N-dibutylformamide ys 1-dodecylpyrrolid-2-one 3 5-methylpyrrolidin-2-one 0 diisopropylacetamide

RIC(O)R2 is represented by the following formula The ketons in the present invention of the ketons agree with Jule consisting of 0 =) having aliphatic, alicyclic and aryl hydrocarbon radicals selected from R2 (R1 dua

R2 is an atomic mass unit. A, 0-170 carbon atoms, and where the molecular weight of 16810058 is from 0, it has 1-3 80 carbons.” aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals are preferably selected from an atomic mass unit. The molecular 81 038 and 82 700-001 could be of ketons preferably wt of hydrocarbylene radical and be a cyclic ketone consisting of five, six, or even seven rings; For example: cycopentanone-cyclohexanone-cycloheptanone. R2 (R1) can have a hydro carbon radical substituent containing the non-La lad ai hydrocarbon substituent groups of (..fluorine-chlorine) ) halogens and “R1 (methoxy) alkoxides 2. They can also contain substituent groups with a different atom such as: nitrogen (aza-), oxygen (keto-, oxa-) or sulfur (thia-) | 0

YYAVY

D ee © t Ya: from the carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon radical chain. Generally, R2 (RI) does not contain more than ¥ with non-hydrocarbon substituents and various atoms. It is preferable not to be more than one substituent for every 10 Carbon atoms and the aforementioned molecular weight limits must be observed when non-hydrocarbon substituents and different atoms are present in RI 82. R2 includes “RI aliphatic, alicyclic and aryl hydrocarbon radicals © found in the formula Ls RIC( O)R2 are: methyl , ethyl , propyl , isopropyl , butyl , sec-butyl isobutyl , tert-butyl , neopentyl isopentyl s pentyl , cyclopentyl tert- pentyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and their isomeric regulators as well as phenyl benzyl 0 and -phenethyl 5 xylyl stolyl s mesityl 5 cumenyl : ketone compatibility factors include: 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, acetophenone, hexanophenone butyrophenone, cycloheptanone cyclohexanone button 2-heptanone, 3-heptanone and 5-methyl-2-hexanone and 3-octanone 2-octanone and 4-ethylcyclohexanone diisobutyl ketone and 2-4-decanone 2-decanone 5-nonanone nonanone | 0 , 2-decalone and 2-tridecanone ri dihexyl ketone and dicyclohexyl ketone . The compatibility factors for Nitriles in the present invention consist of nitriles having the following formula RICN where RI is selected from aliphatic, alicyclic or aryl hydrocarbon radicals having 8-17 carbon atoms Cua is The nitriled molecular weight is from 001-40 atomic mass units. Preferably hydrocarbon YYAY

oy _— - radicals have 01-8 33 carbons; The preferred molecular weight for nitrile compatibility agents is of -1171 0 atomic mass units. 11 can contain non-hydrocarbon substituent groups chosen from (methoxy) alkoxides s (..100:106 chlorine) and Lad RI can contain substituent groups with a leftover atom such as: sulfur (thia- ) 5 nitrogen (aza-), oxygen (keto-, oxa-) yao© of the carbon atoms in the raical chain and in general 1 does not contain more than ? Substitutes of non-hydrocarbon and different atoms, preferably not ST from one substituent for every 01 carbon atoms, and the aforementioned molecular weight limits must be applied when there are non-hydrocarbon substituents and different atoms. It includes aliphatic, alicyclic and aryl hydrocarbon radicals in RT and present in the formula: RICN isopentyl Pentyl 0, neopentyl, cyclopentyl tert-pentyl, cyclohexyl rho-heptyl, and undecyl decyl snonyl octyl and dodecyl and their isomeric organization as well as phenyl s benzyl cumenyl and tolyl s mesityl phenethyl 5 xylyl . The nitrile compatibility agents include: 1-cyanopentane and 2,2-dimethyl-4-cyanopentane, l-cyanohexane, l-cyanoheptane, 1-cyanooctane © 2-0 l-cyanononane js, 1-cyanodecane, 2-cyanodecane and 1-cyanoundecane and 1-cyanododecane. The Chlorocarbon compatibility agents in the present invention consist of chlorocarbons having the following formula: (RCIx) where: 1 x or RY is chosen from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1-350-17 carbons” and where the chlorocarbons have a molecular weight of 100-000 mass units A

©1717 aliphatic and alicyclic atomic mass unit. It includes 150-171 atoms, preferably of the following: RCIx, represented by formula R in hydrocarbon radicals, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, butyl isopropyl And propyl and ethyl and methyl and heptyl and cyclohexyl and cyclopentyl and tert-pentyl and neopentyl isopentyl and pentyl and its isomeric organization as well. dodecyl sundecyl sdecyl snonyl soctyl © chlorocarbons include the compatibility factors 1,6-, [l-chlorohexane, 3-chloro-3-methylpentane 5 3-(chloromethyl)pentane 1-chlorononane, and I-chlorooctane and 1-chloroheptane dichlorohexane -1,1,1-trichlorodecane and 1-chlorodecane

Cua 18100212 having the following formula: Esters In the present invention Esters consist of linear and cyclic 0 saturated and unsaturated craving agents; Preferably, alkyl & alkyl radicals are selected from R2 RI atomic mass unit. 000A and the molecular weight O HC contains esters containing the following: esters include ethyl compatibility factors (CH3 2CHCH200C(CH2)2-40COCH2CH(CH3)2 (diisobutyl dibasic ester) ethyl sn-propyl propionate, n-butyl propionate ethyl heptanoate, hexanoate 0 dipropyl carbonate, benzoic acid ethoxyethyl ester, di- n-propyl phthalate and benzoate “Exxate 800” (a commercial C8 alkyl 5 “Exxate 700” (a commercial C7 alkyl acetate) and tert-butyl acetate and dibutyl phthalate and acetate)

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— oy ——

The compatibility factors for Lactons are represented by the following structural forms [BT [A] n]:

0 0 0

Re, R, L Lm L D Rs 0 RP RSE ZR RZ & RRs Rey NR. R, Rg° 3 Ry Rg RY RRs 7 3 oa om mm These Lactons contain Functional group -002- in a ring consisting of > [A] atoms or [B] atoms, which is preferred 0. Where in Jed for [B] R1 is chosen;: R8 of hydrogen or hydrocarbyl radicals © linear, branched or cyclic saturated and unsaturated; Where each daly of 1 : 88 can connect to another one of 81 : 88 and form a loop. Lactoned can be an extra-ring alkylidene group as in form ([C] where R1 is selected; 166 linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl radicals saturated and unsaturated; each of which can be RI : 86 to connect to another one of RI : 26 and form a ring. The molecular weight of the lactone compatibility factors of A=Yeo is 10 atomic mass units; preferably of M11 atomic mass units. It includes the Lactone compatibility factors But it is not limited to what is shown in Aden Table A Composition Molecular Formula Additive Molecular Weight (amu) |(E,Z)-3-ethylidene-5-methyl- M9 dihydro-furan-2-one Ma Wumartani 126 |(E,Z)-3-propylidene-5-methyl- and CsHi20; 6 dihydro-furan-2-one 140 YYAY

—- © mm’ [CT fm 154 CoH 140, Xx dihydro-furan-2-one and (E,Z)-3-pentylidene-5-methyl- ab (E,Z)-3- Hexylidene-5-methyl- (E,Z)-3-Heptylidene-5-methyl-ona | fmm cute, [oo fide 210 Ci3H2n0, IN dihydro-furan-2-one (E,Z)-3-nonylidene-5-methyl-a | uno foo finite (E,Z)-3-decylidene-5-methyl- canon pm (E,Z2)-3-(3,5,5- dihydrofuran-2-one mdb (E,Z)- 3-cyclohexylmethylidene-5-ow ame | TPT 142 CsH140, i ame | pe 156 CoH;60, wm | cane | OP 170:11 and sold as Te 184 Ci11H200,

IPE PY as N 198 Ci2H20, Oh Moon | A’ 2 170 001:0 and one of | 3 184 C11H200, fone | gE 128 C7H 20, b furan-2-one 7 |cis-(3-propyl-5-methyl)-dihydro- 142 CsH140; B furan-2-one

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— © © A 7 |cis-(3-butyl-5-methyl)-dihydro- 156 CoH1605 M furan-2-one 7 |cis-(3-pentyl-5-methyl)-dihydro- 170 CioHi1302 tester furan-2-one _ J] |cis-3-hexyl-5-methyl-dihydro- 184 C11H2005 furan-2-one 1 cis-3-heptyl-5-methyl-dihydro- 198 C12H0, furan- 2-one 1 cis-3-octyl-5-methyl-dihydro- 212 C 1 3H2405 furan-2-one cis-3-(3,5,5-trimethylhexyl)-5- 226 C14H2605 °Imethyl-dihydro-furan- 2-one a |cis-3-cyclohexylmethyl-5-methyl- 196 C1oH200, methyl dihydro-furan-2-one } i 5-methyl-5-hexyl-dihydro-furan-2- 184 C4 1H200, 0 1 one 5-methyl-5-octyl-dihydro-furan-2- 212 C 1 3H240, one

Hf[Hexahydro-isobenzofuran-1-one 140 CsH120 CL

H delta-decalactone 170 CioH150, delta-undecalactone 184 C11H200, delta-dodecalactone 198 C12H20, 0 mixture of 4-hexyl-dihydrofuran-2- 170 C1oH,50; o [lone and 3-hexyl-dihydro-furan-2- * one 0

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Lactone generally has a viscosity factor of less than 7 centistokes at 40°C.

For example gamma-undecalactone has a viscosity of 9,4 centistoke 5 cis-(3-hexyl-5-

methyl)dihydrofuran-2-one has a viscosity *,; Sensitivestock both at 50 degrees Celsius. maybe

0 For Lactone compatibility agents, Glad may be available or prepared by methods described in the patent application.

U.S. #200,890[Vo blogged on © August Vo of and incorporated herein by reference.

The Arylether compatibility factors of the present invention are represented by the form: 101012 where 181 is chosen from

aryl ethers a carbon atom with a molecular weight of 17-34 from aryl hydrocarbon radicals

From 190-001 atomic mass units. The aryl radicals in R1 represented by formula RIOR2 0 include: phenyl, biphenyl, cumenyl, mesityl, tolyl, xylyl, naphthyl and pyridyl. :

The aliphatic radicals in R2 represented by the formula RIOR2 include:

,. tert-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, butyl isopropyl 5 propyl s ethyl, methyl

Aromatic ethers compatibility factors include:

butyl ethyl phenyl ether and 1,3-dimethyoxybenzene 5 methyl phenyl ether (anisole) phenyl ether 0

The compatibility factors for the fluoroethers in the present invention are represented by the following formula: (RIOCF2CF2H where: R

It is selected from aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 8-19 atoms

carbon, preferably linear and saturated primary alkyl radicals; Compatibility factors include compatibility factors

aa

A 1e

The fluorothers include: C8H170CF2CF2H and 61113001201211. It should be noted that if

The refrigerant is fluoroether so the compatibility factor does not have to be the same as fluoroetherdl .

The cofactors of fluoroethers can also consist of ethers derived from polyols 5 fluoroolefins .

fluorine 0 chlorine or hydrogen :x where “CF2=CXY fluoroolefins can be a type of

© color: chlorine or fluorine or CF3 or “ORF where: CF3 Rf or C2F5 or 0377 and include

‎: fluoroolefins

Hexafluoropropylene chlorotrifluoroethylene s Tetrafluoroethylene

- perfluoromethylvinyl ether

Polyols can be linear or Ac iia and the type of linear polyols is ¢HOCH2(CHOH)x(CRR1)yCH20H 0 where: Hydrogen RI ¢ R OR CH3 OR C2H5 OR

me ely ef) Ix and

The type of branched polyols is “C(OH)Y(R)u(CH20H)V[(CH2)mCH20H]w where IR can

Hydrogen is CH3 or ft im bet 1 ust or etme weve and so that [ + n + »

Ben << 5 pentaerythritol and trimethylol propane s ethylene glycol polyols include + .butanediol 0

Joa compatibility factors 1,1,1-Trifluoroalkane in the invention Mall of the general formula “CF3R where:

1 are selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having 8-19 carbon atoms

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OA — Preferably linear and saturated primary alkyl radicals. The compatibility factors -1,1,1 trifluoroalkane include the following: 1,1-trifluorohexane and -1,1,1-trifluorododecane (by effective amount of compatibility factor) means the amount of compatibility agent that results in Efficient solubility of the lubricant in the formulation thus giving sufficient oil return to obtain (highest operating level for the refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump equipment). The compositions of the present invention range from 1.1 to 7460 weight, preferably from 1.7 to 7710 weight, and ST preferably from 1.7 to 701 weight. One of the compatibility factors in the compositions of the invention Present. The present invention also relates to a method for dissolving a coolant or heat transfer fluid composition consisting of the compositions of the present invention in a lubricant selected from the group of mineral paraffins “alkylbenzenes ¢ oils 0 ¢” manufactured; manufactured napthenes; and poly(alpha)olefins ¢ wherein said method consists in exposing the lubricant to said composition in the presence of an effective amount of matching agent; Cua The compatibility agent is chosen from the group consisting of: polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, ketones nitriles, chlorocarbons, 518:5, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, 0 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes 0 The present invention also relates to a method for improving the return of oil to the compressor in a compressed refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump apparatus. This method consists of using a combination containing a compatibility agent in the said device. The compositions of the present invention also contain an ultraviolet (UV) dye and a dissolving agent (as desired). A UV dye is useful for detecting any leakage in the formulation by allowing the viewer V1

— 04 by observing the fluorescent color of the dye in the formulation at the point of leakage or near the refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump apparatus. The fluorescein color of the dye can be seen by the viewer in ultraviolet light. Slag A need for a solubility agent as most (Uv) dyes are poorly soluble in some formulations. © (Ultraviolet Dye) means a UV fluorescent formulation that absorbs light in or near the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The fluorescent color emitted by a fluorescent ultraviolet dye when illuminated with ultraviolet light radiates radiations of wavelength from 0 to nm; It can be detected. Therefore, if a leak occurs in the formulations containing a fluorescent UV dye at a specific point in the refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump device, the following UV fluorescein can detect the fluorescent color at the point of leakage and include Ye phenanthracenes and anthracenes. and coumarins perylenes and naphthalimides or mixtures of their derivatives fluoresceins and naphthoxanthenes s thioxanthenes and xanthenes thereof. The dissolving agents of the present invention consist of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: Ye and amides and polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers hydrocarbon ethers and hydrocarbons and fluoroethers aryl ethers 5 lactones esters chlorocarbons ketones nitriles .1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes

YYAY

As for: The polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, chlorocarbons, ketones nitriles, esters, aryl ethers, lactones, fluoroethers, and 1-trifluoroalkanes [1] have been previously identified as compatibility agents for use with lubricants. traditionally used in refrigeration equipment. The hydrocarbon dissolving agents of the present invention consist of linear or branched hydrocarbons or dla© alkanes or alkenes having © or lesser of a carbon atom; It contains only hydrogen without any other functional atoms. The hydrocarbon melting agents consist of: Propane, n-butane s cyclopropane propylene, Asanata? The dissolving agent may not be the same as -hydrocarbon. The dissolving agents of the hydrocarbon ethers of the present invention contain only carbon and oxygen s hydrogen such as dimethyl ether (DME). Dissolving agents may exist in the invention present as a single compound or in a mixture containing more than 0 solubility factor. The mixture may contain two dissolving agents from the same group of compounds, for example, two Lactanes, or from different groups, such as polyoxyalkylene lactone, glycol ether, YYAY.

— 111 — In current formulations containing coolant and UV fluorescent dye or heat transfer liquid and UV fluorescent dye the dye concentration is from 705009 wt. to 711 wt.; It is preferable that it be from 70.005 weight to 720.5 weight, and it is more preferable that it be from 70.01 weight to 70.76 weight. Dissolving agents Jie ketones can have an unpleasant odor which can be masked by adding © an odor masking agent or an aromatic scent. An example of a well-known odor masking agent is evergreen. Fresh lemon. The cherry. Cinnamon. mint. Alure. Orange peels, all of which are commercially available. And also d-limonene and p 1060 m. Odor masking agents are used in concentrations from 70,001 to 710 by weight depending on the total weight of Jalal Odor Masking and Dissolving Agent. It is possible that the solubility of UV fluorescein dyes in the formulations of the present invention is weak, and therefore, 0 methods of applying these dyes in refrigeration and air-conditioning devices (heat pump Beals) are tiring, costly, and time-consuming; US Patent No. 71,551 RE provides a method of using a dye powder, dye granules, or dye paste that can be applied to a component of a refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump apparatus. As coolant and lubricant circulate through the device; The dye can be dissolved or diffused and carried through the machine. There are many methods of Yo put the dye inside the refrigeration and air-conditioning devices found in the references. Ideally, the dye can be dissolved into the cooler itself, so there is no need for a specialized method to apply it to the refrigeration, air-conditioning or heat pump equipment.

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The present invention also relates to compositions containing a UV fluorescent dye which can be introduced into

The system as a solution in the coolant. The invented formulations allow the storage and transportation of formulations containing

dye even at low temperatures; While the dye is preserved in the solution.

In current formulations containing coolant, UV fluorescent dye, melting agent or heat-transferring liquid, UV dye, and solvating agent the concentration of the solvating agent is from 1 to 750 preferably

from ? to 775 wt and preferably more than © to 715 wt; The concentration of the UV dye is fluorescent

From 2001 to 711 weight, preferably from 0.005 to 70.8 weight, preferably more than 1.00 to

8 wt.

The present invention relates to a method of using compositions containing a UV fluorescent dye; and melting agent

0 (as desired) in refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump equipment. The method consists of introducing the composition into a refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump device. This is done either by dissolving the UV dye in the formulation in the presence of the dissolving agent and introducing the mixture into the apparatus or mixing the UV dye with the dissolving agent and introducing this mixture into the refrigeration or air conditioning equipment containing yee or heat transfer fluid. The resulting mixture can be used in a refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump device.

0 Detection of a leak helps to identify it and resolve or prevent inefficient operation of the equipment or system or prevent equipment failure. Wal helps keep the chemicals used inside the machine. The method consists of introducing a composition containing Jae, an ultraviolet dye as described below, and a dissolving agent (as desired) to a refrigeration, air-conditioning, or heat pump apparatus and employing a suitable method to detect the refrigerant containing a UV fluorescent dye. Among these appropriate methods of detection are:

0 UV lamps known as (black light) or (blue light) and such lamps are commercially available

‎YYAY

+ - from numerous seizures and specially designed for this purpose. Once a composition containing UV fluorescent dye has been added to a refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump device and allowed to circulate through the system, the leak can be detected by the light emitted from the UV lamp in the device and the fluorescent color of the dye observed near any point of leak. © The present invention also relates to a method for replacing a refrigerant having a high GWP in a refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump apparatus where such refrigerant is selected from the group consisting of: 81348, R22, R245fa, 8114, ©8236, and RI24, R410A, R407C, 1417, 14222, 507, and R404A. Said method consists of a composition of the present invention for a refrigeration, air-conditioning, or heat-pumping apparatus 0 that uses or is designed to use the higher 0177 refrigerant. Compressed vapor refrigeration or air-conditioning and heat-pumping systems include an evaporator, compressor, condenser, and ready-to-expand. The used vapor compression cycle returns the refrigerant in multiple steps resulting in a cooling effect in one step and a heated effect in another. This cycle can be simply described as follows: the liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator through an expander and boils in the cooler at a low temperature of 10° to produce a gas and cause cooling. The low pressure gas enters the compressor where it is compressed to raise its temperature and pressure. Then the high pressure (compressed) gaseous refrigerant enters the condenser; Where the refrigerant condenses and radiates its heat to the environment. The refrigerant returns to the expansion device through which the liquid expands from the high pressure in the compressor to the low pressure in the evaporator, thus re-circulating; As stated herein, a mobile refrigeration device and a portable air-conditioner refer to any refrigeration or air-conditioning device placed in a road, rail, sea, or sea transport unit.

1s - — for atmosphere. In addition, devices that operate on refrigeration or air conditioning regardless of any mobile Jala are known as “combined” systems also included in the present invention. Such common systems include "containers" (combined sea-land transport) as well as "barter wagons" (combined road-rail transport). © The present invention is particularly useful for special refrigeration or air-conditioning devices (llll) such as: Heal

Automotive air-conditioning or refrigeration equipment (Alana) The present invention also relates to a process of producing refrigeration by the method of evaporating compositions of the present invention near an object to cool it ¢ and thereafter condensing those compositions. The present invention also relates to a process of producing heat by condensing the compositions of the present invention

0 near an object to heat it up and then vaporize those compositions. The present invention does not also relate to refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump equipment containing a composition of the present invention; Where this composition consists of. at least . one fluoroolefin. The present invention also relates to a method for the early detection of any leakage in a refrigeration, air-conditioning, or heat pump device, and this method includes the use of an azeotropic composition in said device.

0 and monitor cooling performance drop. The azeotropic composition will fragment when a refrigeration, air-conditioning or heat pump device leaks and the component with a low boiling point (high vapor pressure) will leak first. When this happens if the component with the lowest boiling point in the formulation is the one with the highest refrigerant capacity then there will be a noticeable decrease in the capacity and performance of the device.

F

For example, in cars, occupants will notice a decrease in the cooling capacity of the system; And this decline

in cooling capacity means that the refrigerant is leaking; And system ling to fix.

The present invention also relates to a method for using compositions of the present invention as a heat transfer fluid composition;

This method involves transferring the composition from a heat source to a cathode. Heat transfer fluids© are used to transfer, move, or remove heat from a place, location, object, or object to another

a place, location, thing, or other body by radiation, conduction, or convection.

A heat transfer fluid can act as a secondary refrigerant by providing a means of transporting cold (or heat) from

Remote cooling or (heating) system. In some systems the heat fluid can remain in the Aah state

during transport (neither evaporates nor condenses) and, on the contrary, evaporative cooling processes can

0 heat transfer fluid is also used.

A heat source can be defined as any place, location, object, or object that can be transferred, moved, or removed

heat. Examples of heat sources: places (closed or open) that need to cool or cool Jia

Refrigerator or freezer in food stores and construction places that need air conditioning or in passenger cars

Transportation requires air conditioning. A hypothermic can be defined as any space, location, object, or

5 heat absorbent body Jie vapor compression refrigeration system.

In another formulation the present invention relates to compositions containing a blowing agent; which contain

Fluoroolefin is used to prepare foam. In other formulations the invention provides foaming formulations; Preferably

Foam compositions shall be made of polyurethane or polyisocyanate, and the method of preparing the foam.

1 f

In these foam formulations one or more fluoroolefin-containing formulations are included as a blowing agent in foam formulations containing one or more additional ingredients that have the ability to react and foam under the correct conditions to obtain a foam or cellular formulation. Which of these methods is known in this field Jie the methods described in:

“Polyurethanes Chemistry and Technology,” Volumes I and 1I, Saunders and Frisch, © John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., 1962 are cited herein by reference and may be used or prepared for use in conjunction with the foam formulations of the present invention. The present invention also relates to a method of foaming consisting of:

Ye to a foaming composition of the invention. A fluoroolefin is added to a composition containing it containing (1) (b) the reaction of the foaming composition under effective foaming conditions. As propellants in fluoroolefin and other formulations of the present invention are related using compositions containing Spray installations. In addition, the present invention relates to spray assemblies consisting of assemblies

1 containing LS fluoroolefin is described previously. The active substance to be sprayed, inert materials, solvents and other substances may also exist as a spray formulation. It is preferable that the spraying installations be of the type (air liquids) aerosol.

‎YYAY

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Among the materials suitable to be placed in spray formulations are: cosmetics such as deodorants and perfumes

Hairsprays, detergents, polishing materials, and medicinal materials such as anti-asthma and anti-fog

(mouth smell).

The present invention is also related to the process of producing aerosol products and includes the step of adding formulations

© containing fluoroolefin as previously described to active ingredients in an aerosol container; where

The mentioned composition acts as a propellant.

The invention also provides methods for controlling fires, as these methods consist of exposing the flame to a liquid

Contains a fluoroolefin formulation and any possible flame exposure method of the current formulation may be used. on

For example, the fluoroolefin-containing composition of the present invention may be sprayed, poured, or any other means over the flame, or at least part of the flame may be immersed in the flame control composition.

flame. In light of the instructions shown here, those skilled in this field can use many

Conventional devices and methods for controlling fires, according to what is mentioned in the present invention.

Another formula offers other methods of extinguishing and controlling fires by completely immersing them in a fire

Agent consisting of a fluoroolefin-containing formulation and the agent placed in a pressure vacuum system; And dump the worker Ve on the space to extinguish or spall on the fires in that space.

In another version, it provides a way to enter a space to prevent fire or explosion, which includes providing a component

of a formulation containing fluoroolefin and the agent is placed in a pressure vacuum system and the agent is discharged into a

space to prevent fire or explosion from occurring. The term (extinguishing) is used in the sense of complete elimination

Fire As for the term (control), it means reducing, but not necessarily completely eliminating, the fire or fire

ba

M - blast. As used herein, the words extinguish and control are used interchangeably. There are four types of halocarbon fire protection applications. (1) In the application of extinguishing by complete immersion or the application of control, the agent is discharged into the fire scene with sufficient concentration to extinguish or control an existing fire. The use of complete immersion includes the protection of places that can be inhabited, such as: computer rooms, as well as specialized places that They are often unmanned, such as: aircraft engines and transport engine rooms.(Y) In flow applications the agent is used directly on the fire or in the fire area.This is done using portable or wheeled units and manually operated.There is an Al method It falls under flow applications, which is the use of spatial systems that discharge the agent towards the fire from one or more fixed openings, and these spatial systems can be activated either manually or automatically. i) In cases of explosion control, a composition containing fluoroolefin to control an explosion that has already occurred; the term "control" is used in this application because the explosion is often limited anyway the use of this term does not necessarily mean that the agent does not extinguish the explosion. A detector to detect the fireball causing the explosion before it occurs, so that the agent is quickly discharged to control the explosion. Explosion control application is used in defense applications; but not alone; But it is essential. (4) In cases of prevention, a fluoroolefin-containing composition of the present invention shall be discharged in place to prevent explosion or fire. A system similar or identical to the user is often used in the total immersion method

a - -— to extinguish or control a fire. Usually a dangerous condition (eg: dangerous concentrations of flammable or explosive gases) is detected and a fluoroolefin-containing formulation is discharged to prevent fire or explosion until the situation is remedied. The extinguishing process can be carried out by introducing the composition into a space around the fire. Any © method of insertion can be used, ensuring that the appropriate quantities are entered into the surrounding area and at the appropriate time. For example a formulation may be introduced by the flow method using conventional portable (or stationary) fire extinguishing equipment or by immersion misting eg by flowing the formulation (using appropriate piping, valves and controls) into the area around the fire. The formulation can be mixed with a propellant (as desired) such as: Nitrogen Ve, argon, decomposition products, glycidyl azide polymers, or carbon dioxide (333) The rate of discharge of the formulation from the immersion or flow equipment used . It is preferable that the extinguishing process includes the introduction of a composition containing fluoroolefin of the present invention in sufficient quantities on the fire or flame in order to completely extinguish them. Those skilled in this field know that the required amount of the fire-controlling substance, Vo, depends on the nature and extent of the hazard. when the method used to control fire is by immersion; Test data (cup burner) are used and are useful in determining the required amount or concentration of flame-controlling substance to extinguish a particular type and size of fire. YYAY

The VV. . Examples © Example 1 Effect of Vapor Leakage A vessel with a starter fitting is charged at a temperature that is either AYO or at regeneration YO C and the starting vapor pressure of the assembly is measured as 0 and the fitting is allowed to leak out of the atmosphere. While the temperature is maintained at a constant level. until 0 © wt percent has been removed from the initial composition; Then Yes the residual composition vapor in the vessel is measured. The results are recorded in Table A, Table 1 - Pressure | 7 7 | DELTA PRESSURE FITTING .70 LEAK 7/960 TADA NAME |= en f 5 doa “oe / : (in square inches) | Ged) > (kbar) 0 squared) YYAY

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qo _ — the difference in vapor between the original composition and the remaining composition after removing 80 percent by weight is less than about 0.1 percent for the compositions of this invention 0. This indicates that the compositions of this invention are isotropic or Almost isotropic. Example ? © Refrigeration performance data Table 01 shows the performance of the different refrigeration compositions subject of the invention in comparison with -HFC-134a and in Table 01 Eva Pres Jol refers to Jal dasa and the symbol Cond Pres refers to condenser pressure ; Comp Disch 1 also indicates the compressor discharge temperature; COP stands for Energy Efficiency and CAP stands for Capacity or Power. The data is based on the following 0 conditions: YYAY

It is noted that the superheat is included in the cooling efficiency calculations. Table 01 Composition Compression | compression | compression | compression | dump dump ad | capacitance | COP 1 a steam 1 condenser! condenser | condenser | capacitor (7 in weight) Btu) / | (4/4) di) (k (lbs) < T T min) inch bar) inch bar) q © square) square) aa 32 (5/95) 32 (97/3) 134a 90 /10( )99/1 HFC-1225ye/HFC- | E vor | vay 10.1 vou YY. 14. Toy | £69, or aaa aaa 88/9/3 ¢v, | 4 ( HFC-1225ye/HFC-l 4 veo vay 18.8 YEA | 0m15 | £68 a a ee ee ) 87/10/3 7717 1 YAA ¢1,v | HFC-1225ye/HFC- | Na 1 ola d | ra ld I = (87/10/3) VIA 10, Vea | vie | vid viv | ray | HFC-1225ye/HFC- | nah | £60 Oh Lhasa Sasa AA 87/10/3 TOA VAY 1.53 VEY | 1761 YA Yay £Y,¢ HFC-1225ye/HFC- | £01 Ct (88.5/11/.5) YYAY

134/HFC-32 (88/9/3) g,0F | Yoo | Y.¥ TAY yoo | 6 bugs ¢1,v | HFC-1225ye/HFC-

TE Aloh (85/10/5) 152a/HFC-32 _ (81/15/4) 152a/HFC-32 82/15/3) 152a/propane (85/132 152a/i-butane 85/13/2) 152a/DME (85/13/72) 152a/CO, (84/15/1

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152a/CO, (84/15.5/0.5)

EH

32 (95/5) 134a (90/10) 152a (80/20) 1234ze/HFC-32 (95/5) 1234ze/HFC-134a (90/10) 1234ze/HFC-152a 80/20 1234yf (51/ 49) 1234yf (60/40) §YA | l 17 17,4 viv | ayy YAY Yq £Y, HFC-1225ye/HFC-

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= 84 — on a hydrocarbon also by improving oil solubility with common mineral oil and .benzene alkyl lubricants Example? Refrigeration performance data © Table 11 shows the performance of the various refrigeration compositions subject of the invention in comparison with M8404 and R422A. In Table VY the symbol “Eva Pres” refers to the vapor pressure and the symbol “Cond Pres” indicates the pressure of the condenser”; The symbol Comp 10156 T indicates the discharge temperature of the compressor, the symbol EER indicates energy efficiency, and the symbol CAP indicates capacity or power, and the data depends on the following conditions: A A nn dS hm i Compressor Note that superheat is included in the cooling efficiency calculations. Table 11 Cooling output | vapor pressure | Discharging pressure Capacity What is present (kbar) Capacitor 1 Capacitor (k (kbar) | (3) ( | gulam)) etc

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‎YYAY

101 — — 0110 HFC-32/HFC-4L | VTA YAY OL YOY 125/CF3l/HFC-1225ye 011 HFC-32/HFC-mm Meat | cheek | 184 | Light 125/CF3/HFC-1225ye and many formulations have higher energy efficiency (COP) than R404A and R422A formulations. And the discharge temperatures are less Lad than M8404 and R422A. The capacity or capacity of these fixtures is similar to J Lad 184048 and 184228 which indicates that they can be alternative refrigerants for refrigeration and air conditioning. These hydrocarbon-containing formulations may also improve oil solubility with common mineral oil and alkylbenzene lubricants. Example ¢ Refrigeration Performance Data Table VY shows the performance of the various refrigerant compositions subject of the invention in comparison to HCFC-22, R410A, R407C, and 24178. and in Table VY the symbol 278 788 denotes the vapor_pressure and 0 the cond pres denotes the condensate pressure; The Comp Disch T symbol also indicates the discharge temperature of the compressor; The symbol EER refers to energy efficiency, and the symbol CAP indicates capacity or capacity. The data depends on the following conditions: Shake in ns gas ond compressor efficiency be. It is noted that superheat is included in the efficiency calculations. cooling. 1 1

11 © to table VY Refrigeration output Vapor pressure Discharge pressure Capacity EER Existing (kbar) Condenser EE (k) (Yo/dsa 49) | © Z 24 m 170 rary AYN YAYY 1 0 HFC-32/HFC- 125/HFC-1225vye HFC-32/HFC- 5167 mah Feed 74 125/HFC-1225ye Yofou ft HFC-32/HFC- 4 | AVY Scan 125/trans-HFC- 1234ze oY/Yo/YY HFC-32/HFC- 4 | Uncle | Kahda | TA TYYY 125/trans-HFC- 1234ze 1 ATA 01 HFC-32/HFC-AKM 13 7 125/HFC-1234yf HFC-32/HFC-10% Winding Yoyy Date/ | YOAV 77 125/HFC-1234yf [te fio]r0 HFC-32/HFC-f | vedas | vey | very 77 125/HFC-1234yf HFC-32/HFC-re TAS 5 | Rala 3:7 ,17 125/HFC-1234yf HFC-125/HFC-M 7H 77 111 76 YY, AY 1225ye/n-butane HFC-125/trans-D Yar . | ory | arla | ola IY, A HFC-1234ze/n- butane LOT) | 74 1 7 VEY [TY HFC-125/HFC-BM 1234yf/n-butane HFC-125/HFC-M YAVE 11, Y YY§¢ ov 1774 1225ye/isobutane HFC-125/trans- 1 AA | Fah 1 Arla | YACA 4 HFC- 1234ze/isobutane 1/7 HFC-125/HFC-471 M7 Li (YY AY Tio) 1234yf/isobutane YYAY

— 1011 with R410A compared to 1022, 8407, 184178, and 1022 (EER) and there are formulations that incorporate energy efficiency to keep discharge temperatures low. The capacity or capacity of these fixtures is also similar and this indicates that these can be alternative refrigerants for refrigeration and R417A and R22, 8407© for air conditioning. These hydrocarbon-containing formulations can also improve oil solubility with common mineral oil and alkylbenzene lubricants. 11 shows a table

Cond Pres indicates vapor pressure, Eva Pres indicates VY, and in Table 8410 indicates the discharge temperature of the compressor, and Comp Disch T indicates the pressure of the condenser; The symbol 0 indicates capacity or power, and the data depends on CAP to indicate energy efficiency. The symbol EER indicates the following conditions:

Sh The degree of traction gas tm The degree of the compressor's emission is It is noted that the superheat is included in the cooling efficiency calculations. 11 Table Ve

EER Composition (7 wt.) Pressure Capacity Discharge Pressure (k A) ESA) Steam YYAY

— VV —

BB or oo Turnips EY EY ALY Va EA re HFC-32/HFC- A 1225ye (40/60) Yo) 111 HFC-32/HFC-Gram $650 q,¢4 1225ye (45/ 55 q,¢0 £14 9, but for Ve HFC-32/HFC- 1225ye (50/50 4.01 m 9 716 ft) HFC-32/HFC- 1225ye/CFsl 40/30/20 q,¢0 716 77 7/1 sold HFC-32/HFC- 1225ye/CFsl (45/30/25) q,¢0 EV.a9, Yio) and HFC-32/HFC- 1225ye/CFsl 45/35/20 4.74 $V AY, A YAA A “ HFC-32/HFC- : 134a/HFC-1225ye (40/30/30) 4.11 Cr B 1 Bl HFC- 32/HFC- 134a/HFC-1225ye 45/30/25 4,14 7 47 8 qv) HFC-32/HFC- 134a/HFC-1225ye (45/35/20) 1.11 $Y V Leave Yato “ 11 HFC-32/HFC- 134a/HEC- 12347001 30/20/5/45 8/7 for km 11 m ovo HFC-32/HFC- 134a/HFC- 123477071 47 (20/20/10/45) L 47 1173 11 HFC-32/HFC- 134a/HFC- 1234yf/CFs] 35/10/5/40 4,14 661 Ag YAYY OAV HFC-32/HFC- 134a/HFC- 1225ye/HFC-1234yf (34 /12/47/7)

YYAY

11/ = FAS AY, 4 Voy 104 HFC-32/HFC- 4 134a/HFC- 1225ye/HFC-1234yf 30/8/52/10 HFC-32/HFC- 597 1852 843 4051 134a/HFC- 1225ye/HFC-1234yf 35/6/5217 A formulation that incorporates energy efficiency (EER) comparable to 822 and 184108 while maintaining reasonable discharge temperatures. The capacity or capacity of these fixtures is also similar to 22 and this indicates that these can be alternative refrigerants for refrigeration and air conditioning. © Example 6 Flammability Flammable compounds can be identified by the 8681-01 test. (American Society of Testing and Materials) ASTM 0; using an electronic ignition source. These flammability tests were performed on HFC-1234yf, HFC-1225ye and the mixture subject to this description at a pressure of 0010 kbar vey (psi) at 0100°C (07°F); and 00 percent relative humidity at different concentrations in air to determine the minimum flammability limit (LFL) and the upper flammable limit (UFL).

1011

VE table incorporated in LA 11 0] (od ra treatment in non-flammable non-flammable HFC-1225ye by weight) ZY ev) m HFC-1234yf by weight) / 1 a 8 ) M Ao HFC-1234yf/1225ye wt.) fo. M0) Non-flammable Non-flammable HFC-1234yf/1225ye by weight Ze fee

HFC-1225ye [1234-1170] is flammable; The addition of Law and the results indicate that it is 1 to 1% by weight reduces the susceptibility to inflammation. and accordingly; Compositions comprising about 51 and about 4 wt percent to about HFC-1234yf about 595 wt percent of: HFC-1225ye wt percent of °

YYAY

Claims (1)

0 malic Protection -1 Fixed-boiling-point formulation comprising: ¢HFC-1234yf (VY) ¥ and (vy rv) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of HFC-12432f and/or (HFC-32); “propane ffs (HFC-236fa Jif 5) (HFC-227ca Sif 5 (HFC-161 Sf, 0); isobutane Sif5 1” and/or cdimethylether and/or 035053; optionally tHFC-1225ye Sif 5 CF31 ( Y) Vv A such that when (7) is present the total concentration of (V) in the composition is 0001 parts per million or less. Y -1 A composition according to claim (1 ); selected from the family of: Y-fixed formulations comprising tHEC-134ay HFC-1234yf and “| fixed-boiling formulations comprising ¢HFC-152a 3 HFC-1234yt and ; fixed formulations Boiling point including HFC-1234yf and 1170-32; and © dap constant boiling formulations including HFC-1234yf, 1170-125 and n-butane; and 3 constant boiling point formulations including HFC-1234yf tHFC-125 5 HFC-32 and v fixed-boiling formulations containing isobutane s HFC-125 3 HFC-1234yf; and A fixed-boiling formulations including HFC-1234yf, HFC-32, and 1170-1438? and 9 stable-boiling formulations including HFC-1234yf, 1170-32, and isobutane; and 0 fixed-boiling formulations including tHFC-143a 3 HFC-125 5 HFC-1234yf and 11 fixed-boiling formulations including HFC-1234yf, 1170-125 3 isobutane ¢ and YYAY 111 - - 1" fixed-boiling formulations including HFC-1234yf and 11]200-134 propane; and 1" fixed-boiling formulations including HFC-1234vf and tdimethylether s HFC -134 and 4 fixed-boiling formulations including [1170-1234 HFC-134a and propane; and 1 fixed-boiling formulations comprising HFC-1234yf, HFC-134a, and n-butane; f 0 constant boiling point formulations comprising HFC-1234yf and 1110-1348 isobutane; and VY fixed-boiling formulations including 5 tdimethylether 5 HFC-134a HFC-1234yf and YA fixed-boiling formulations including HFC-234yf, 1170-1438 and propane; and 4 fixed-boiling formulations including tdimethylether s HFC-143a s HFC-1234yf and Ye fixed-boiling formulations including n-butane y HFC-152a 5 HFC-1234yf ; and 1 fixed-boiling formulations comprising HFC-152a 3 HFC-1234yf and isobutane; and YY fixed-boiling formulations including tdimethylether s HFC-152a s HFC-1234yf and - YY fixed-boiling formulations including HFC-227ea s HFC-1234yf and propane; and Ye fixed-boiling formulations including HFC-227ea s HFC-1234yf and n-butane; and Yo fixed-boiling formulations including HFC-227ea s HFC-1234yf and isobutane; and ¥1 fixed-boiling formulations including tdimethylether s HFC-227ea s HFC-1234yf and YY fixed-boiling formulations including tdimethylether s n-butane s HFC-1234yf and YA fixed-boiling formulations including on tdimethylether 5 isobutane y HFC-1234yf and Y4 dal-boiling-point formulations comprising ¢CF31 5 dimethylether s HFC-1234yf and ©. boiling-point formulations comprising tCF3SCF3 5 dimethylether 5 HFC-1234yf f) stable-boiling-point formulations comprising HFC-1234yf, 1170-32, and 03531; and TY fixed-boiling formulations including HFC-1234yf, 1170-32, and 1150-125; and © Boiling Fixed Formulations including HFC-1234yf, 1170-32, $CF315, HFC-125, and ‎YYAY -AVY- CF31 5 HFC-134a, HFC-32, and HFC-1234yf Fixed-boiling formulations comprising ve 1 *- Composition of claim (1); including fixed-boiling component and selected from 7 Group consisting of: 7545 wt. to 757 wt !1170-1234 and of about 71 components comprising of about F ; wt to 76 wt 1170-32; and © component comprising from about 71 wt. to 781 wt. HFC-1234yF and from about 7959 wt. to 769 wt. 1150-125; and 794 by weight to 794 by weight!1176-1234 and from about 721 components comprising of about 1" A by weight to 71 by weight tHFC-134 and 4 components comprising of about 71 to 799 wt. 1170-1234 ! and from approximately 799 wt. 1 wt. to about 71 wt. 1170-1528; and from approx. 799 wt. HFC-1234yf to 799 wt. 71 component containing from about OY 04 wt. to 71 wt. 1180-161 ; and 5 component comprising from approximately 7279 wt. to 770 wt. 1180-1234(7) and from approximately Fev 0 wt. to 71 wt. 38 fHFC-14 and IVY component comprising from approximately 779 wt. to 799 wt 1170-1234 and from about 0 1" wt to 71 wt tHFC-227ea and 4. component comprising from about 7765 wt to 799 wt [1170-1234] and from about Ive 0 wt. to 71 wt 1170-2364; and YYAY 11” - - 1 component comprising from approximately 71 wt. to 754 wt. HEC-1234yf and from approximately 795 vy-wt. and YT is a constituent comprising from about 71 wt. to 7850 wt !1170-1234 and from about 754 wt. to 72700 wt. propane ; and Yo is a component comprising from about IVY by weight to 794 by weight HFC-1234yF and from about 779 by weight YR to 71 by weight n-butane ; and YY is a component comprising from about 760 by weight to 744 by weight !1150-1234 and from about Fee by weight YA to 71 by weight isobutane ; and 4 a component comprising from about 71 wt. about 71 wt. to 7194 wt. 1170-1234 and from about 71 wt. to 7201 wt. isobutane; and TY is a component comprising from about 780 wt. to 798 wt. (HFC-125 and about 71 wt.ve to 714 wt. HFC-1234yf and about 71 wt. 1170-32 wt. From approximately 71 wt. to YX 18 wt. 170-125. From approximately 71 wt. to 785 wt. ¢HFC-1234yf and “© component containing from 71 wt. HFC-1234yF and from approximately 71 TA wt. to 798 wt. 1170-32 and from approximately 71 wt. 1170-1234 and from approximately 0 784 wt. to 798 wt. 1170-32 and from approximately 71 wt. from about 71 wt y pounds to 798 wt HFC-125 and from about 71 wt to 798 wt 1170-1438; And ‎YYAY - 11184 - £7 constituent comprising from about 71 by weight to 7400 by weight 1170-1234 and from about 789; to 798 wt 1170-125 and from about 71 wt to 701 wt isobutane ; And £0 component comprising from about 71 wt. to 780 wt. HEC-1234yF, from about 71 wt.4 to 2770 wt. 1186-134 and from about 719 wt. to 7400 wt. propane ; And £Y component comprising from about 71 wt. to 7970 wt. HEC-1234yf, from about 71 wt. to 798 €A €110-134, and from about 779 wt. to 747 wt. tdimethylether, and 4 component comprising from about 71 wt. to 7280 wt. 1170-1234, from about 71 wt.0 to 7850 wt. 1170-1348, and from about 714 wt. to 7948 wt. propane; And )© Component comprising from about 71 wt. And OF is a component comprising of about 71 wt. to 7958 wt. of 1170-1234, of about 71 wt. to 798 wt. of 1170-1348, and of about 71 wt. And 00 component comprising from about 771 wt. 0 Component comprising from about 71 wt. And 04 component comprising from about 71 wt. to 746 wt. HFC-1234yF, from about .7994 wt. to 7978 1150-1438, and from about 71 wt. to 770 wt. ¢ dimethylether, and 1 component comprising of about 71 wt. And “+ Component comprising from about 71 wt. to 798 wt. HFC-1234yF, from about 71 wt.4 to 7950 wt.1 528 HRC, and from about 71 wt. to 40 wt.7 isobutane; and ‎YYAY - 11w Component comprising from about 71 wt. to 770 wt. 1170-12347 and from about 71 wt.5 to 7448 wt. 1150-1528 and from about 71 wt. to 794 wt. tdimethylether and TV. Component comprising of about 71 wt. to 7850 wt. 1150-1234; from about 71 wt. TA to 7770 wt. HFC-227ea; from about 779 wt. to 7298 wt. propane; and 18 components comprising from about 7550 wt. to 798 wt. 1170-1234, from about 71 wt. and 1 component comprising of approximately 770 wt. to 7458 wt. 1170-1234, of approximately 0.71 wt. The VF is a component comprising from about 71 wt. to 748 wt. HFC-1234yF, from about 71 wt. And VO is a component comprising from about 71 wt. Component comprising from about 77 wt. to 798 wt. 1170-1234, from about 71 wt. V4 is a component comprising from about 71 wt. to 7978 wt. HFC-1234yf, from about 71 wt. to 740 wt. dimethylether, and from about 71 wt. to 798 wt. 08350173. 1 +;- a combination of claim (1); selected from the group consisting of: 1170-32 wt 757.7 5 HEC-1234yf Fixed-boiling compositions comprising 797,4 wt. Y at a vapor pressure of about 9.7; absolute psi (74?kPa) at temperature Y and (oY he ¢ © Stabilized boiling point compositions containing 710.9 by weight (Z.A.) 5 HFC-1234yf by weight (HEC-) ‎YYAY - 11 - 1 125 with a steam pressure of about 07; pounds per square inch absolute (YAY) kPa) at 1 degree Yom “m; and A constant boiling point formulations including 7970.4 by weight HFC-1234yf and 7745.5 by weight HEFC- 4 .1348 with a vapor pressure of approximately 18.4 psi (kPa) at 0 te ¥ io and 11 fixed-boiling-point formulations including 791 by weight HFC-1234yf and 79 wt. HFC-152a 1" vapor pressure approximately 19.8 psi absolute (17 kPa) at - (a Yo VY) and 4 fixed-boiling compositions Comprising 717.3 by weight HFC-1234yf and 777.7 by weight HFC- 0 1432 at a vapor pressure of approximately 79.5 psi (777 kPa) at NT sted Yom temperature 101 constant boiling point formulations comprising 784.6 by weight HFC-1234yf 715.4 by weight HFC-VA 2278 at a vapor pressure of approximately 18 psi absolute (YE kPa) at ° 0 heat (a Yor and 0 compositions ab) boiling point including 791.1 by weight ZEA0 5 by weight HEC-1234yf by weight propane 71 at a vapor pressure of about 0 YT psi absolute YY (kPa) at YY temperature -e (a) and YY adiabatic formulations comprising 748.1 wt. HEC-1234yf and 91 wt. n-butane YE with a vapor pressure of approximately 17.4 psi absolute (?1 kPa) at a temperature of Yo-7#C; and YY fixed-boiling formulations containing 788.1 by weight HFC-1234yf and 711.5 by weight isobutane YY at a vapor pressure of about 19 psi absolute (111 kPa) in YYAY = 11 - Ste Yom YA wt. temp 781.05 HFC-1234yf fixed boiling point formulations comprising 783.5 wt v4 psi absolute (50 kPa) in 1 vapor pressure approx. dimethylether | 0 1 0 YY constant boiling point formulations comprising 789.1 by weight 79.V5 HFC-125 by weight HFC- YY 12342 and 7171 by weight isobutane at a vapor pressure of approximately 40.8 psi absolute (YAY) TE kPa) at Tom's temperature m; And © dali formulations boiling point comprising 77.5 wt HFC-1234yf, ZV EY wt HFC-32 ¥1 and 8.177 wt 1186-1438 at a vapor pressure of approximately 00 psi absolute (7.05 kTV Pa) at ste Yom temperature 1170-32 wt 797.11 and HFC-1234yf wt 71:1 Fixed Boiling Point Compositions including FA kPa (in Yeo) psi Absolute 5+0 by weight at a vapor pressure of about 1A FA ge grade (a Yoo Hla and 1 fixed boiling point formulations comprising 714.4 wt. HFC-1234yf 5 7€¥.0 wt. HFC-" 125 and 747.1 wt. 1120 -1438 with a vapor pressure of approximately PAT psi at "; a temperature of about ste Yor ;; Constant boiling point formulations comprising 78.9 wt 779.1 5 HFC-1234yf by weight HFC-0 134 lbs and 787.72 wt propane at a vapor pressure of approximately 4.7" psi absolute (7 ??£1 kPa) at a temperature of about Yom m; f constant boiling dap compositions comprising 715.7 wt [1170-1234], 7719 wt HFC-134 $A and 7.71 wt dimethylether at a vapor pressure of about 001.4 psi absolute 440 (1.3 to 1 kPa) at a temperature of about Yom m; and YYAY - 11.0 = 0 constant boiling point formulations comprising ,5; 77 by weight HFC-1234yf, 1.7271 by weight HFC- (© 1348) and 46.0 by weight propane at a vapor pressure of about VE psi (4 7 "© kPa) at a temperature about -5?m;oF constant boiling point formulations include 750.9 by weight HFC-1234yf, 778.7 by weight HFC- of 1348 and ©*,7 by weight n-butane with a vapor pressure of about AT psi 00 (178 kPa) at a temperature of about Yor C; and 4 constant boiling point formulations comprising 748:7 by weight 1170-1234 and 7 ZY, by weight HFC - ov 1348 and 4.7 21 by weight isobutane at a vapor pressure of about 15.4 psi absolute 07 (0A kPa) at a temperature of about Yom m; and 4 constant boiling point formulations Comprising 774 by weight HFC-1234yf, 717.9 by weight HFC- 0 1348, ZA) dimethylether at a vapor pressure of approximately 11.7 psi absolute (11 (118 kPa) ) at a temperature of about sta Yom 1Y constant boiling point compositions comprising 717.7 wt ZV) 5 FC-1234yf by weight HFC-143a TY and 711.9 wt propane at a vapor pressure of about 0 ,4 psi absolute (774 kPa) at a temperature of about ste You So Boiling point formulations include 75.7 by weight HFC-1234yf and 7947 by weight HFC-143a 11 7 ,5 by weight dimethylether at a vapor pressure of about 45.1” psi absolute (7145 ty kPa) at a temperature of about Yom m; and TA fixed boiling dap formulations comprising 785.5 wt ZY +, As HFC-1234yf wt HFC-4 1528 Nor, 77 wt n-butane at a vapor pressure of about YAY psi an absolute square inch is 174 (V kPa) at a temperature of about Yor m; and 71 fixed-boiling formulations including “7975,wt HFC-1234yf and 711.8wt HFC- YYAY 1109 - - VY 1528 and 717.4 by weight isobutane at a vapor pressure of about 1 psi absolute (SIFY) vr (Pascal) at dan temperature of about Tom m; and Ve constant boiling point compositions comprising 4.6 77 wt HFC-1234yf, 47.7 7 wt HFC-Vo 1528 and 777.1 wt dimethylether at a vapor pressure of about 018 pounds per square inch absolute (ALY) vA kPa) at a temperature of about Yor m; and YY constant boiling point formulations including 775.6 by weight HFC-1234yf, 217./8 by weight HFC- VA 22788 and 71.7 by weight with a vapor pressure of approximately 7.8 psi absolute YYY ) kVA kPa) at a temperature of about Yom m; and As constant boiling point formulations including 781.5 by weight HFC-1234yf, 7156 by weight HFC- AN 22788 and 77.1 by weight n-butane at a vapor pressure of approximately YAY psi square absolute (YO) AY 1 kPa) at a temperature of about Yom m; and AY constant boiling point compositions comprising 787.76 by weight HEC-1234yf, 711.8 by weight HFC- At 1528 and 77.7 by weight n-butane at a vapor pressure of about VA absolute pounds per square inch (4,117 Ao kPa) at a temperature of about You m; and AY constant boiling point formulations comprising 770.7wt HEC-1234yf, 718:7wt HFC- AY 22788 and 17.1wt isobutane at a vapor pressure of approximately 0" psi square absolute AH 17©(kPa) at a temperature of about yoo m; and AS the boiling point dali formulations include 778:7 wt. HFC-1234yf and 755.6 wt. HFC- © 22788 and 1.1 wt. dimethylether at a vapor pressure of about yo psi absolute 014 (1 kPa) at a temperature of about ste Yor Y 4 fixed-boiling point compositions including 48, 9 7 wt HFC-1234yf and 7 4 wt n-butane 4Y 767.65 wt dimethylether at a vapor pressure of about 0,000 psi absolute ‎YYAY cm and aa _ 4 (0.0 4 kPa) at a temperature of about ste You adiabatic-boiling-point compositions comprising 791.7 wt !1180-1234 and 747.3 wt dimethylether | 5 at a vapor pressure of 1.7 psi absolute AVA (kPa) at AV temperature approx. ste Yor 9A constant boiling point formulations containing 74.79 by weight HFC-1234yf and 710.0 by weight 4a dimethylether and 755.7 by weight CF3SCFE3 at a vapor pressure of 1.7 psi 001 (Ne kPa) at a temperature of about Yom: composition according to claim (1); containing constant boiling point component comprising -# 1 ¥ from 21 wt. to 794 wt. to 794 wt. 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and from 7494 wt. to 71 wt. and .1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 1 +- a composition according to claim (1); comprising a fixed-boiling component comprising: from 7700 by weight to 7959 by weight 2,3, 3,3-tetrafluoropropene and from 7970 by weight to 71 Y¥ by weight 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 1#- composition of claim (0) and (1); also comprising At least one compound selected Y from the group consisting of -dimethylether 3 isobutane 5 n-butane s propane 1 8- a composition according to claim ((V) selected from the group consisting of: compositions containing Y Boiling point constant component dade on : ¥ from 71 wt. to ZA 1170-1234 wt. and from 799 wt. to 7710 wt. propane ; YYAY 11 - - - 3 and formulations containing a constant boiling point component comprising: from IVY by weight to 7954 by weight 1170-1234 and from 4 77 by weight to 71 by weight n-butane; and 1" formulations comprising a constant boiling point component comprising: from: 75650 wt. to 794 wt. + 1176-1234 [1176-1234] and from 0 5 7 wt. to 71 wt. isobutane; and 4 formulations comprising a constant component Boiling point included ranges from 71 by weight to 7954 by weight .dimethylether 0 1 4- A composition according to any of the claims (1) to (©) 5 (0) to (A) comprising Lad of © as a lubricant selected from the group formed by polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols 6, polyvinyl ethers ¥ + mineral oil + alkylbenzenes ¢, synthetic paraffins $ , conventional napthenes; -poly(alpha)olefins -0-1 a composition according to any of the claims (1) through (4) wherein La) includes a tracer ¥ selected from the group of compounds of hydrofluorocarbons; and hydrocarbons treated with “JEN hydrogen ¥” and hydrofluorocarbons treated with heavy hydrogen; perfluorocarbons ¢ + fluoroethers ¢ and brominated compounds; and © compounds treated with alcohols + jodated + aldehydes; and ketones + and nitrous oxide (0020 °) and combinations thereof. YYAY -AVY- -11-1 composition pursuant to claim (10); comprising a tracer selected from the group 7 consisting of: CD3CD3 1030020103, CD2Fz, CF3CD2CF3, ¥ CD2FCF3, 103013, CDF2CF3, CF3CDFCF3, CF3CFzCDF2, CDF2CDF2, ¢ CF3CF2CD3, CF3CD2CH3, CF2CH2CD3, CF3CF3, cyclo- CF 2CF2CF2-, CF3CF2CF3, 8 cyclo -CF2CF2CF2CF2-, CF3CF2CF2CF3, CF3CF(CF3)2, cyclo- 1 : for CF(CF3)CF2CF(CF3)CFz-, trans-cyclo- CFzCF(CF3)CF(CF3)CF2-, cis-cyclo- CF2CF(CF3)CF(CF3)CFz-, A CF30CHFz, CF30CHzF, CF30CH3, CF30CHFCF3, 1 CF30CHzCF3, be CF30CH2CHF2, CF3CH20CHF2, CH30CF2CF3, CH3CFzOCF3, 1 CF3CFzCFz OCHFCF3, CF3CFzCFzOCF(CF3)CFzOCHFCF3, CHF3, CHFzCH3, 'y CHFzCH3, CHFzCHFz, CF3CHFCF3, CF3CFzCHF2, CF3CF2CH2F, CHFzCHzCH3, YW CF3CHzCF3, CF3CF2CH3, \¢ CF3CH2CHF2, CHF2CF2CH3, CF3CHFCH3, CF3CHzCH3, Vo CH3 CF2CH3, CH3CHFCH3, CH2FCHzCH3, CHFzCFzCF2CF3, (CF3)2CHCF3, 1 CF3CH2CF2CF3, CHF2CFzCFzCHFz, CH3CFzCF2CF3, CF3CHFCHFCFzCF3, VY perfluoromethylcyclopentane, perfluoromethylcyclohexane, YA perfluorodimethylcyclohexane (ortho, V4 meta, or para), perfluoroethylcyclohexane , perfluoroindan, Y perfluorotrimethylcyclohexane and isomers thereof , perfluoroisopropylcyclohexane, 71 - 177 - cis-pertluorodecalin, trans- pertfluorodecalin, cis- or trans-perfluoromethyldecalin and vy isomers thereof, CH3Br, CH2FBr, CHF? Br, CHFBr2, say CHzBrCH3, Ty CHBr=CH2, CH BrCHp Br, CFBr=CHF, CF31, CHF2], CH2F]I, ve isopropanol, acetone, n- CF2ICHzF, CFziCHF2, 01210121, CsFsl, ethanol, n- propanol, vo propanal, n-butanal, methyl ethyl ketone, nitrous oxide 1 and combinations thereof. VY) the composition according to any of the claims (1) through (©) and (2) through (11); also comprising Y a Compatibilizer selected from the group consisting of: polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers (0 1) represented by the formula Cus “(RI[(OR2)XOR3]y #8 is an integer from 1 to 141 of which is chosen from the hydrogen and aliphatic hydrocarbon moieties has 1 to 6 carbon atoms and no bonding sites; RT is selected from 1 aliphatic hydrocarbolene moieties having − to ; carbon atom; R3 is selected from hydrogen ; cyclic 1 lV lipid hydrocarbon moieties to > a carbon atom; and at least one of 181 R35 of said hydrocarbon A moieties is chosen; and where said polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers have a molecular weight of about 001 q to 100 atomic mass units; and 0 (b) amides _represented by the formulas Cus (JR4CON(RS)-] —cyclos RIC(O)NR2R3 11 independently selected 11 R35 R25 and 25 aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals VY are cyclic with from 1 to VY carbon atoms and one aromatic moiety over 0" with more than + to VY carbon atom; RA is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having from ?04 to 11 carbon atoms, and wherein said amides have a molecular weight of about 001 to Voor Vo atomic mass unit; ‎YYAY 116 - - ketones (z) 5 represented by formula 82 (RIC(O) where R25 Rl VY is independently selected from cyclic aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals 0 and aryl with from 1 to 11 atoms (mS) and where the said 8:0065: ! has a molecular weight of about 14 1 La to Tee atomic mass unit; and Yo (d) compounds are nitriles Represented by the formula (RICN) where 11 cyclic aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals are selected and have an aryl from ©* to VY YY carbon atom” and where the said nitriles have a weight Molecular from about 90 to Yeo vy atomic mass unit; and VE (e) chlorocarbons represented by the formula RCIx where x is 1 or ?; Yo is chosen R from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals YT cyclic with from 1 to 11 carbon atoms”; and where the aforementioned chlorocarbon compounds TY have a weight of Juda from about 001 to 001 atomic mass units; and YA (5) compounds of aryl ethers represented by the formula (RIOR2) where: 141 aryl moieties of hydrocarbon 4 are selected having from + to 11 carbon atoms; R2 is selected from To aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to ; a carbon atom” and where the said aryl ethers have a molecular weight from about 011 TY to 191 atomic mass units; and 0" (g) 1,1-I-trifluoroalkanes represented by formula 0173181; where RT is selected from FY cyclic aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having a TE of Convert © to 15 carbon atoms; and yo (h) compounds of alias fluoroethers by formula Cus (RIOCF2CF2H) R1 is selected from ¥1 4s aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals YY and aromatic with from about © to a Vo carbon atom; or where fluoroethers are derived ‎YYAY \Ye - - The mentioned FA of fluoroolefins and Cua ¢ polyols The mentioned 4 fluoroolefins are of type “CF2=CXY where X is fluorine si chlorine | hydrogen £o + where 7 is chlorine or fluorine or CF3 or “ORE and where Rf is 1 CF3 or C2F5 or 03”7; Said polyols are straight or branched; where the said straight polyols £Y are of the type: ¢(HOCH2(CHOH)X(CRR1)yCH20H ~~ £¥ where and 81 is hydrogen or 0033 or ;;” is C2H5 and is x is an integer from 0 to 4; Bley is an integer from fo 0 to * and Woz is 0 or 1; said branched polyols are of type Cua »(011(1) (8(0)011201(“])0112(“01120117)” | £1 R could be hydrogen or CH3 EV or “C2HS and m is an integer from zero to; and is; n zero or 1 EA and is “and are integers from zero to 4; and where also; + n + y + “ h and 2 4 (i) 18610065 components represented by [Cl ¢ structures [B] R [M]: R, 0 1 . 8 0 ou Ke By Mad 2 RAY SAN Rg TA Rj Ra Res Rs Ra Res R and [B] [C] [ D] (© where R) to R6 are independently selected from hydrogen and straight “©” hydrocarbyl moieties are branched, cyclic, dicyclic, saturated and unsaturated; the molecular weight is from about 001 to Few OY an atomic mass unit; and of (j) esters represented by the general formula (RICO2R2 where RI 5 - and 82 straight and cyclic alkyl and aryl moieties are independently chosen; saturated and unsaturated; and where the esters have YYAY - 111 o- 2 mentioned ia weight from about 80 © to © atomic mass unit. 1 ©1- The composition according to any of the claims (1) to (VY), where it also includes at least one ultraviolet fluorinating dye selected from the group consisting of compounds: Naphthalimides, perylenes, coumarins, anthracenes. phenanthracenes, xanthenes, v thioxanthenes, naphthoxanthenes, fluoresceins ¢ and derivatives of said pigment and combinations thereof. © -14-1 A composition according to claim (VF) comprising a dissolving agent selected from group Y consisting of: Hydrocarbons, dimethylether, polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, f ketones, nitriles, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ¢ ethers, hydrofluoroethers, and 1,1,I -trifluoroalkanes. © where the said dissolving agent is selected from group (V1) in combination according to claim #1-1 consisting of; 7 Alias polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers (0 1) by the formula (RI[(OR2)XOR3]y where Ble xf is an integer from 1 to OF and Bley is an integer from 1 to ;; and © is selected from hydrogen and aliphatic hydrocarbon moieties with 1 to 6 carbon atoms and no thay 1 sites and R2 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals with 1 to ; carbon atom; 183 are selected from hydrogen 7 + and aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals A with 1 to 1 carbon atoms; at least one is selected from 181 and 13 radicals ‎YYAY Nyy of about gu” by weight of the said hydrocarbon polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers; and where 4 has an atomic mass unit; and Fee to 0 011 ¢[R4CON(RS5)-]—cyclos RIC(O)NR2R3 is represented by by means of the amides (b) 11, 12, 83 and 15 of the aliphatic and lipid hydrocarbon moieties RI where independently select VY radicals to 1 periodic with aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals VY hydrocarbon radicals RE carbon atom; At most 11 aromatic ones have from > to VE carbon atoms; Whereas, the aforementioned 2801085 has a molecular weight of about 11 ayphat with from * to 10 atomic mass units; and 700 to 5 0 R25 181 where “RIC(O) R2 is independently selected by the formula Alias ketones (c) VV cyclic aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals from aliphatic and fatty hydrocarbon radicals mentioned VA has a molecular weight of about “ketones) a carbon atom” and where is 11 to 1 aryl and has 00 atomic mass units; and Ter to 1 Y. where 141 hydrocarbon radicals (RICN) represented by the formula nitriles (d) are selected as cyclic 1 VY compounds with aryls from © to aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals And the aforementioned YY aay Yoo lipid has a molecular weight of about 90 to nitriles carbon atoms” and where YY-compounds have an atomic mass; and Ye or ?; 1 is x where; is RCIx (e) Chlorocarbon compounds represented by the formula Yo aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon from aliphatic and fatty hydrocarbon moieties R, and the aforementioned YR chlorocarbons have a carbon atom, where compounds have 11 to 1 cyclic radicals YY is an atomic mass unit; and Yeo to 001_molecular weight of about YA aryl moieties of RI is represented by the formula 1010142 where: aryl ethers are chosen f) Yo compounds are aliphatic hydrocarbons (GAS) of R2 carbon atom; And 11 to 1 is chosen from le hydrocarbon 0 YYAY - 11 pm ©1 has from 1 to € a carbon atom”; and wherein said aryl ethers have a molecular weight of about 1001©" to Yo. atomic mass unit; and TY (g) compounds of 25 (T) 1,1,1-0110002 represented by the formula “CF3R1” where RT is selected from TE aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals with cyclic ™ (h) fluoroethers represented by the formula (RIOCF2CF2H) where 181 YY aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals cyclic +3 and aromatic are selected from about © to a Vo carbon atom; or Cus said fluoroethers v4 are derived from fluoroolefins and polyols ¢ where mentioned 111101001650 6 compounds are of type Cua “(CF2=CXY X is hydrogen or chlorine or fluorine 1 ; where ? is chlorine or fluorine or CF3 or “ORF and where Rf is 4Y of CF3 or C2FS or €C3F7 Said polyolsd) compounds are straight or branched, where ET compounds and their straight_branchs are of the type: ;; Cua (HOCH2(CHOH)X(CRR1)yCH20H is R and 181 is hydrogen or CH3 or £0 02115; x is an integer from zero to of and y is is an integer from £70 to * and Wz is zero or oF and the mentioned polyols are of the type Cus (C(OH)(R)U(CH20HW[(CH2)MCH20H)w© R may be hydrogen, CH3 A, or “C2HS,” and m is an integer from zero to 8, and “zero or 1; £4, y and” Integers from zero to; and where also bt n + » + « stm | (i) Compounds of lactones represented by structures :[D] 5 «[Cls ¢«[B] ‎YYAY — 4 A 3 — 0 8 0 0 Ry Ro, 81 0 A 0 7 0 Ry R4 RJ and except R : VR ZR ~ 4 R4 Rs 5 and 5 Ra RsRs 7 Rs Ry, Rg [D] [C] [B] OX where 8 to R6 of hydrogen and oF straight, branched, cyclic, bicyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbyl moieties are independently selected; The molecular weight is from about 001 to Tee of AS atomic unit; And 5 e. (j) esters represented by the general formula 8100282 where as Aline is chosen R25 RI 0% of straight and annular aryl alkyl moieties; saturated and unsaturated; Whereas, the mentioned ov esters have a molecular weight of about 88 to 050 atomic mass units. -11-1 A composition according to any of Claims (1) to (V8) where Lad includes a stabilizer © or a water scavenger + or an odor masking agent masking agent ¥ .-17 1 Composition according to any of the claims (V1) comprising a stabilizer Y selected from the group consisting of nitromethane, 160015 M. retard and “| compounds Hydroxylamines, thiols, phosphites, and lactones + 1 - a method of cooling where the aforementioned method includes: Cool it down and then yyay — v is the condensation of the aforementioned formula. -14 1 method of generating gla wherein the said method includes; Condensing a composition according to any of Claims Y (1) to (A) near an object to be heated and thereafter evaporating said composition. pressure refrigeration; or air conditioning; or “im pump apparatus and said method comprising the supply of said composition to said apparatus” 1 1?- method of dissolving a composition of a refrigerant or a heat transfer fluid comprising a composition according to any of the elements of Y Protection (1) to (A), (10) and (11) in a refrigerant lubricant selected from the group consisting of mineral oils, alkylbenzenes ¢, synthetic paraffins and napthenes 4 Conventional” and polylids (WW) compounds, and the mentioned method includes contacting the mentioned lubricant with the mentioned composition in the presence of an effective amount of causative substance (al), where 1 - the causative substance is selected from the group consisting of: l 0( polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers is represented by the formula (RI[(OR2)XOR3]y where: A# is an integer from 1 to ?; and “ is an integer from 1 to tf and 8 are selected from 181 hydrogen and aliphatic hydrocarbon moieties having 1 to 6 3 carbon t bonding sites; 0 and 182 aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to ; carbon atom R3 is selected from hydrogen 11 + cyclic aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals VY having 1 to 1 carbon atom; At least one of the listed 181 and 83 VY hydrocarbon radicals is selected; and where polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers have a molecular weight of about 4,001 to 0,000 atomic mass units; and 1 a - 11 - (b) ies amides by by the formulas (RACON(RS)-] ~cyclos RIC(ONR2R3 V1) where RS, R35 R25 RI are independently selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals ~~ VV is cyclic with 1 to VY carbon atoms and at most one 08 aromatic moiety with from “ to 11 carbons; RE is selected from the va aliphatic hydrocarbolene moieties of © to 11 carbon atoms; and wherein said amides have a molecular weight of about 0.011 to Vee atomic mass units; and 1 (z) ketones are represented by the formula R2(10)0; where Independently choose R25 RI a YY aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals cyclic YY and an aryl with from 1 to 11 carbon atoms, and where these ketones have a molecular weight of about YE 1L to Tee is an atomic mass unit; and Yo (d) compounds are nitriles represented by the formula (RICN) where 181 are selected from GAS v1 aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon "July radicals with from © to 1 YY carbon atom", and where the said nitriles have a molecular weight of about 50 to Yoo a YA-atomic mass unit; and 4 (e) chlorocarbons are represented by the formula »801 where; is x is 1 or ?; Fe, and R is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals cyclic 1 having from 1 to 11 carbon atoms”; Whereas, the chlorocarbons mentioned TY have a molecular weight of about 001 to Yeo atomic mass unit; and ry (5) compounds of aryl ethers represented by the formula (RIOR2) where: RI is chosen from aryl moieties be hydrocarbon T' from + to 11 carbon atoms; R2 is chosen of aliphatic hydrocarbon moieties Yo having from 1 to 0 carbon atom and where the said aryl ethers have a molecular weight of about 7 0 to Yo atomic mass unit; and YYAV: 11717 - - TV (g) Compounds of “Samala 1,1,1-1-10000 represented by the formula “CF3R1” where 11 TA are selected from cyclic aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals 4. From about © to 115 carbon atoms; and 0 (h) fluoroethers are represented by the formula “(RIOCF2CF2H) where 181 € are selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals; aromatic from about © to 0 carbon atoms; or Cua fluoroethers are derived from?”; The mentioned compounds are from 12000016050 compounds and polyols 6, where the fluoroolefin compounds £8 mentioned are of the type Cua “CF2=CXY.” X is hydrogen, meaning chlorine, or fluorine fo +, and it is Y is chlorine or fluorine or CF3 or “ORF and where Rf is CF3 £1 or C2FS or (CIF) and said polyols are straight or branched, where the mentioned Aid polyols £V are of the type: (HOCH2(CHOH)X(CRR1)yCH20H ~~ £A where R and 81 are hydrogen or CH3 or 4 02115 ; x is an integer from zero to of and Bley is an integer from 0 zero to ?and Wz is zero or (and the said branched polyols are of type 1e “C) OH)YR)u(CH20H)V[(CH2)mCH20H)w: where R may be hydrogen or CH3©” or “C2HS” and “ is an integer from zero to ; and ust is zero or OV is oF and # and is integers from zero to 4; [:[D]s dd 0 R, 0 1 0 R, wd yd 72 d | 8 RYN, R: RRs RIT R, Re Re” R, Re 8 [D ] [C] [B] YYAY 1 OV where independently selected (R to R6 from hydrogen) and straight hydrocarbyl moieties 54 and branched and cyclic and bicyclic and saturated and unsaturated; and the molecular weight is from about 001 to Yeo 4 atomic mass units and 0(j) esters are represented by the general formula (RICO2R2) where RI and 12 are independently selected from straight and cyclic alkyl and aryl moieties; saturated and unsaturated; and where Said 7 esters have a molecular weight of about 80 to 0500 atomic mass units. High GWP refrigerant of group of 81348 (R225) (R407C 5 (R410A 5 “R125” R124 5 R236fas “R114 R245fas “RI1s” R1235; RA04A 5 RS025 (RSOTAs (R422A5 R4ITA5) and said method included provides © the composition pursuant to any of Claims (1) through (A) to said refrigeration; -YY 1 method of using the composition pursuant to any of the claims (1) to (VY) as a cheat transfer fluid ¥ heat transfer fluid and said composition including transfer of said composition from a source of “| heat source to heat sink .1 74- cooling device; or a cold air conditioning or heat pump apparatus containing a composition “in accordance with any of the protection elements (1) to OV) ‎YYAY —YO 1 cooler; or air-conditioning” or heat pump apparatus according to claim 7 comprising a mobile air-conditioning apparatus 1 +- foam blowing agent comprising Jade of composition according to of any of 0 claims (1) to (A)-71-1 sprayable composition comprising a composition pursuant to any of claims - (1) to (A) 1 78”- Process for producing aerosol products comprising the step of adding a composition pursuant to any of the XY safeguards (1) to (A) to components in an aerosol container, wherein said composition acts as a propellant. YYAY