RU97894U1 - UNIVERSAL PNEUMATIC TRAILED SEEDER - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. A universal pneumatic seeder, including a frame, a hopper with two compartments for two types of sowing materials, sowing devices, a fan with a drive, a running gear with pneumatic wheels, a hydraulic system, a seeder operating parameter monitoring system, a transport signal system, characterized in that the seeder equipped with copying working bodies, each of which is a block consisting of a seed coulter and a spring-loaded packer roller, which are mounted on a metal tube-seed rovode and blocks via parallelogram suspension spring-mounted on the frame, wherein each block is provided with a device for individually regulating the sowing depth, and each suspension - the pressure control device of the sowing coulter on the ground. ! 2. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a central system for regulating the pressure of the sowing coulters on the soil, and each sowing coulter with a spring-loaded clutch. ! 3. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the seed coulters are made in the form of double-disc coulters, and the discs of the double-disc coulter are set at an angle of 10 ° with an offset of 6.5 mm from one another, and the vanishing point is located at the place where the seed coulter the soil. ! 4. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the seed coulter is made in the form of a single-disc coulter, and the seed coulter is installed so that the vertical plane passing through the lower point of the grooves formed by the rotating disk coincides with the symmetry plane of the tube-vas deferens, Chistik does not participate in groove formation

Description

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to universal pneumatic trailed seeders, designed for ordinary sowing of seeds with a distance between rows of 125 mm on light, medium and heavy grain soils (wheat, rye barley, oats, etc.); medium seed - legumes (peas, beans, lupins, etc.); cruciferous (rapeseed, oil radish, etc.); loose (hedgehog team, fescue, etc.); vegetable; herbs and mixtures with the simultaneous introduction of a starting dose of fertilizers or herbs under the cover of crops.

Famous model range of pneumatic grain seeders "Soliter" LEMKEN (Internet site produc-tion / seyalki / soliter). The seeder is designed for sowing grain, leguminous crops and herbs with a row spacing of 125 mm and is equipped with copying double-disc coulters and pinch rollers. The disadvantage of this seeder is:

- The need for auxiliary work on leveling and rolling the prepared field in order to prevent clogging of the coulters with soil and stopping the tractor due to the “bulldozer effect”, because the coulters mounted in two rows in a checkerboard pattern and mounted on the same coulter beam on brackets of different lengths are too close are one from the other. This entails an increase in labor input and energy consumption.

- The double-disc coulter and pinch roller are rigidly mounted relative to each other, and the seed placement depth is controlled centrally by turning the coulter beam using a converting system (backstage). In this case, a fixed distance is established between the lower point of the disk coulter and the lower point of the pressure roller equal to the seed placement depth, but since the coulters are arranged in two rows on brackets of different lengths, when turning the coulter beam, the deepening on the second row coulters differs from the deepening of the first row coulters in the smaller side, which leads to heterogeneity of seedlings in time.

- Rigid mounting of the coulter relative to the pinch roller also leads to the separation of the pinch roller from the soil in case of insufficient effort to cut the soil with the coulter, which violates the sowing technology.

- The small width of the pinch roller does not allow you to accurately withstand the depth of seeding, because the roller “falls through” into the groove cut by the opener.

- Too much displacement of one disc relative to another in a double-disc coulter reduces the self-cleaning effect.

- Sowing grain is subject to crushing due to impact on the discs at the moment of departure from the seed coulter, since the seed tube has side cutouts.

Known seeder manufactured by OJSC "Radio Plant" of the city of Penza, (patent for utility model RU No. 42380, application 2004122250 dated 06.22.2004, IPC: 7 A01C 7/00, published 10.12.2004, bulletin No. 34), intended for sowing seeds with a distance between rows of 125 mm on light, medium and heavy cereal soils (wheat, rye barley, oats, etc.); medium seed - legumes (peas, beans, lupins, etc.); cruciferous (rapeseed, oilseed radish, etc.): loose (hedgehog team, fescue, etc.); vegetables, herbs and mixtures with the simultaneous introduction of a starting dose of fertilizers or herbs under the cover of crops.

The disadvantage of this seeder is:

- The coulter mounted on the coulter with four rubber bands does not copy the soil; it has only the cushioning ability to deviate by a small angle in the event of a collision with an obstacle, and when sowing with a shallow depth of embedment, the sowing grain may remain on the soil surface and prevent sprouting, and with medium and large embedment depth, the accuracy of seed placement is low, which prevents a friendly appearance seedlings.

- A small copying of the soil by the coulters is possible only due to the movement of the support wheels and the pivotally mounted side beams with the possibility of the beam turning upward around the hinge axis in the case of one of the coulters hitting an obstacle and down to a predetermined stop, the accuracy of seed placement is low.

- The coulter is equipped with a pivotally mounted valve that closes the outlet of the vas deferens at the moment the seeder is lowered to the working position, which is also designed to close the seed grain with soil during the work of the seeder. But since the valve is not spring-loaded, its movement is unstable, and it can be torn out of the ground, in this case, the seeding occurs only due to self-emptying of the soil in the groove.

- The coulter is not equipped with a press roller, i.e. the sown seeds are not pressed into the soil, good contact with the soil has not been created, the capillary system is absent, this negatively affects the friendly appearance of seedlings.

- To create the necessary conditions for the germination of grain, it is necessary to carry out work on rolling crops, these are additional labor costs and energy costs.

- On the seeder, single-disc coulters are installed, which are prone to clogging with crop residues, and therefore have limited use, it is better to use double-disc coulters for mulching sowing.

- Automobile tire tires are used on the seeder, the wheel width is limited, and the seeder pressure on the soil is at the maximum permissible value.

The utility model is aimed at improving agrotechnical indicators of sowing, such as seed placement to a precisely specified depth, moreover, for small-seeded crops sown with a small depth of 10 ... 30 mm. including the indentation of seed grain into the soil in order to create a capillary layer in the soil, for the rapid and uniform formation of the root system and friendly emergence of seedlings, as well as the possibility of sowing on different soil structures.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the seeder contains a frame, a hopper with two compartments for two types of sowing materials, sowing devices, a fan with a drive, a running gear with pneumatic wheels, a hydraulic system, a control system of the seeder's operating parameters, a transport alarm, and copy working bodies , each of which is a block consisting of a seed coulter and a spring loaded packer roller, which are mounted on a metal tube-vas deferens, and blocks with omoschyu parallelogram suspension spring-mounted on the frame, wherein each block is provided with a device for individually regulating the sowing depth, and each suspension unit for controlling the pressure sowing coulter on the ground.

For optimal sowing in various soil-climatic and agrolandscape conditions, the use of double-disc and single-disc sowing coulters is possible.

The double-disc seed coulters are set at an angle of 10 ° with an offset of 6.5 mm from one another, and the vanishing point is located at the point where the seed coulter enters the soil.

Single-disc seeding coulters are installed in such a way that the vertical plane passing through the lower point of the groove formed by the rotating disk coincides with the plane of symmetry of the tube-vas deferens, and the scraper does not participate in the formation of the groove. The specified technical result is also achieved due to the fact that the working bodies of the seeder are staggered with an increased distance between the rows, and the seeder is additionally equipped with a central system for regulating the pressure of the sowing coulters on the soil, and each sowing coulter with a spring loaded shutter.

Wide support pneumatic wheels are installed on the seeder, which allows to reduce the seeder pressure on the soil and to ensure the emergence of seedlings on time.

In Fig.1 shows a seeder universal pneumatic trailed.

Figure 2 shows the seeder universal pneumatic trailed. View A (rotated).

Figure 3 shows the working body with a double disc sowing coulter.

Figure 4 shows the working body with a single-disc seeding coulter.

Figure 5 shows a section BB of the double disc sowing coulter.

Figure 6 shows a view In a single-disc seed coulter.

The bearing element of the seeder is a frame, which consists of a main frame 1 (Fig. 1), a trailed frame 2, and two pivotally mounted side frames 3 that are rigidly fixed to it. A hopper 4, which is an all-welded structure, is installed on the main frame 1, and is made in the form two compartments - grain 5 and fertilizer or grass 6. The grain compartment 5 has two prismatic funnels, to the flanges of which are attached grain sowing devices 7 (Figure 2). To the grain sowing apparatus 7 attached to the receiving chamber of a centralized sowing system 8, the hoses of which are connected to the working bodies 9 (Figure 1). Fat, or grassy, compartment 6 is formed by partitions inside the hopper and is made in the form of two funnels, to the output flanges of which are attached fertilizer metering devices 10 (Figure 2). Fat sowing devices 10 are also connected to the receiving chambers of the centralized sowing system 8, the air ducts of which are connected through the tee to the outlet pipe of the fan 11. The fan belt is located horizontally. The output shaft of the drive fan drive pulley through an intermediate driveshaft, a support, a driveshaft having an overrunning clutch is connected to the tractor PTO shaft.

On the main 1 (Figure 1) and two side frames 3 in two rows in a staggered manner installed working bodies 9. The distance between the rows of sowing coulters 600 mm, which eliminates the burial of soil and entanglement of the seed coulters with crop residues. At the extreme points of the side frames 3, markers 12 are installed.

Each working body 9 is a block consisting of a double-disk 13 (Figure 3) or single-disk 14 (Figure 4) sowing coulter and a spring-loaded packer roller 15 mounted on a metal tube-seed tube 16, which is mounted on a parallelogram spring suspension 17 on frame. Each block is equipped with an individual device for regulating the depth of seed 18, and each suspension 17 is a device for regulating the pressure of the sowing coulter on the soil 19, each sowing coulter is equipped with a spring loaded shutter 20 for closing the seeds with soil. To clean the disks from adhering soil in the double-disc sowing opener, scraper 21 (Fig. 3) is made of 65 G sheet steel and installed between the disks, which are also made of 65 G steel, followed by heat treatment. To clean the disk of adhering soil in a single-disc sowing coulter, scraper 21 (Fig. 4), also made of 65 G steel, is used. The packer roller 15 is mounted on deep groove ball bearings, and the roller width equal to 80 mm allows you to accurately maintain the seed placement depth due to roller movements on the soil not cut through by the seed coulter. The packer roller is equipped with a spring 22, which prevents the roller from lifting off the ground even in the event of a seed coulter hitting an obstacle. The disks 23 (Figure 5) of a double-disc seed coulter are located at an angle of 10 ° and are offset by 6.5 mm relative to each other, mounted on angular contact double row bearings. The vanishing point of two discs is located at the entry of the seed coulter into the soil. The disk 23 (FIG. 6) of the single-disc seed coulter is mounted so that the vertical plane passing through the lower point of the groove formed by the rotating disc coincides with the plane of symmetry of the vas deferens 16, and the scraper 21 (FIG. 4) does not participate in the formation of the groove .

In addition to the device for individual regulation of the seed coulter pressure on the soil 19, mounted on the spring-loaded suspension 17 of the working body 9 (Fig. 1), there is a central control system for the seed coulter pressure on the soil 24

(Figure 2), which is an assembly unit mounted on the rod of the hydraulic lift cylinder - lowering the seeder 25, consisting of a support and a package of plates. The package includes 8 plates that are pivotally mounted on a support, and have the ability to engage with the rod of the hydraulic cylinder. For a given pressure of the working body on the soil, it is necessary to install the required number of plates on the hydraulic cylinder rod. The adjustment table is located on the hopper 5 (Figure 1) of the seeder.

Each block has two stops - the extreme lower, transport, position and extreme upper - the stroke of the working body of 160 mm. The hydraulic system of the seeder consists of two lifting cylinders - lowering the seeder 25 (Figure 2), two folding cylinders 26 folding side frames (Figure 1) and two hydraulic cylinders 27 (Figure 2) control markers. The supporting pneumatic wheels 28 (Fig. 1) for special agricultural purposes have increased parameters - a width of 400 mm and a diameter of 875 mm, which reduces the pressure of the seeder on the soil.

A universal pneumatic seeder works as follows:

According to the adjustment table attached to the seeder, on each of the working bodies 9 (Figure 1) by means of an individual device for regulating the depth of seed placement 18 (Figure 3), the required depth is set. This device is a spring-loaded stop, limiting the rise of the packer roller 15. At the same time, the packer 15 by means of the spring 22 is always pressed against the lower stop. The distance between the lower point of the packer roller 15, which is in the maximum lift position, and the lower point of the seed coulter disk 23 is a predetermined seed placement depth. Also, according to the adjustment table, using the individual sowing coulter pressure device on the soil 19, the required pressure value is set, and on the rods of the lifting hydraulic cylinders - lowering the seeder 25, a predetermined number of plates of the assembly unit of the central seed coulter pressure control system on the soil 24 are engaged (Fig. 2 )

Also, according to the adjustment table, the seeding rates are established on grain sowing devices 7 and on fertilizer sowing devices 10. The hydraulic system of the seeder is connected to the hydraulic system of the tractor, the driveshaft is connected to the tractor PTO. Using the hydraulic cylinder 25, the drill is lowered to the operating position.

When the seeder is moving, the rotation from the supporting pneumatic wheel 28 (Figure 1) is transmitted to the grain sowing devices 7 (Figure 2) The sowing material enters the receiving chambers of the centralized sowing system 8, where it is picked up by compressed air from the fan 11 and transported to the working bodies 9.

The working body works as follows:

When lowering the seeder, the packer roller 15 first touches the ground (Figure 3), then the spring-loaded parallelogram suspension 17 starts to work and the roller spring 22 is stretched. The parallelogram suspension 17 changes angles, while the spring of the seed coulter pressure control device on the soil 18 is stretched. In the working position of the seeder, the normal position of the parallelogram suspension is as follows - the angle between the lower parallelogram bar and the metal tube-seed tube 16 is 83 ... 90 °, the packer roller 15 is in its highest position, and the seed coulter is recessed by the required amount. The seed grain is laid at the bottom of the groove formed by the seed coulter, covered with loose soil by means of a zagortachka 20 and pressed by a spring-loaded roller 15. Chistik 21 cleans the rotary disk from the adhering soil.

To ensure butt spacing during the subsequent pass of the seeder, markers 12 are installed at the extreme points of the side frames 3, which are switched by hydraulic cylinders 27. Rotation from the supporting pneumatic wheel 28 is also transmitted to fertilizer sowing devices 10.

Control over the operation of grain sowing apparatus 7, fan 11, the presence of seed in the hopper 4, registration of the sown area is carried out by an automated control system of parameters, the remote control of which is installed in the tractor cabin.

The transport alarm is activated when transporting the seeder on highways as part of a vehicle.

The creation of a universal pneumatic trailed seeder with copying working bodies made it possible to ensure high quality of the sowing technology: laying seeds in a furrow to a precisely specified depth, covering seeds with loosened soil, pressing seeds into the soil to create good contact with the soil and the appearance of a capillary system, the possibility of stable operation on any types of soils by regulating the seed coulter pressure on the soil, installing double-disc and single-disc seed coulters, as well as reducing the seeder pressure on soil through the use on the support wheels of special wide agricultural tires of large diameter. Information sources.

1. Internet site (bttp: // produc-tion / seyalki / soliter)

2. Patent for utility model RU No. 42380 dated July 22, 2004, application 2004122250 dated June 22, 2004, IPC: 7 А01С 7/00, published December 10, 2004, bulletin No. 34

Claims (6)

1. A universal pneumatic seeder, including a frame, a hopper with two compartments for two types of sowing materials, sowing devices, a fan with a drive, a running gear with pneumatic wheels, a hydraulic system, a seeder operating parameter monitoring system, a transport signal system, characterized in that the seeder equipped with copying working bodies, each of which is a block consisting of a seed coulter and a spring-loaded packer roller, which are mounted on a metal tube-seed rovode and blocks via parallelogram suspension spring-mounted on the frame, wherein each block is provided with a device for individually regulating the sowing depth, and each suspension - the pressure control device of the sowing coulter on the ground. 2. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a central system for regulating the pressure of the sowing coulters on the soil, and each sowing coulter with a spring-loaded clutch. 3. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the seed coulters are made in the form of double-disc coulters, and the discs of the double-disc coulter are set at an angle of 10 ° with an offset of 6.5 mm from one another, and the vanishing point is located at the place where the seed coulter the soil. 4. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the seed coulter is made in the form of a single-disc coulter, and the seed coulter is installed so that the vertical plane passing through the lower point of the groove formed by the rotating disk coincides with the plane of symmetry of the tube-vas deferens, Chistik is not involved in the formation of the grooves. 5. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the working bodies of the seeder are staggered with an increased distance between the rows. 6. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the seeder has wide support pneumatic wheels that reduce the pressure of the seeder on the soil.