RU89688U1 - SPORTS AND HUNTING CARTRIDGE WITH EJECTOR BULLET - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A sporting and hunting cartridge with an ejector bullet containing a star-shaped cartridge case, an igniter capsule, a powder charge, a plastic wad container consisting of a cylindrical container with a bottom, combined in one piece, equipped with four longitudinal cuts to the bottom, forming four petals, a tubular shock absorber and an obturator covering the powder charge, characterized in that the bullet is made ejector, in the form of a hollow body with a cylindrical compression chamber, with a Laval nozzle and aft, and the cylinder The compression chamber is made with an open entrance to the oncoming air flow, and its outer ogival surface is paired with a cylindrical surface coinciding with the circumference of the large diameter of the base of the truncated cone of the live feed, and this cylindrical surface is equipped with an odd number of channel openings closed by the petals of the container and intended for ejection outside air after firing into the discharge zone of the diffuser, the outlet of which is closed in the cartridge by the bottom of the container, and the axis of the channels filled at an acute angle to the plane of symmetry of the ejector bullet directed by the apex to the end of the stern. ! 2. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the hole in the upper part of the paper sleeve is sealed with a metallized paper circle metallized outward.

Description

The utility model relates to smoothbore weapons, and more specifically to cartridges for sports and hunting rifles with an ejector bullet.

Known sports and hunting cartridges, the designs of which are described, for example, in copyright certificates, patents and utility models (See AS USSR No. 324468, patent RU No. 2169339, patent RU No. 2150662, patent RU No. 2301954, patent for PM No. 48406), containing a metal, paper or polyethylene sleeve with an igniter capsule, a powder charge, a polyethylene container (pallet) with obturating protrusions, with a bullet or shot shell placed in the cylindrical elements of the container. After the shot, the cylindrical elements of the container are separated from the oncoming air stream, freeing the bullet or shot shell for movement along its own target trajectories.

The disadvantages of the known designs of cartridges are: low throwing speed of a shot or a bullet, a short range of a direct shot and a large trajectory flatness, which affects a significant spread and accuracy of shots.

Another disadvantage of the known sporting and hunting cartridges is the presence of a bullet or shotgun, which cannot increase the speed of throwing at each point of its trajectory, since the movement on the trajectory of these propelled bodies is carried out by inertia.

Known animated body that implements a method of throwing from rifled gun trunks described in the application for invention No. 2008102915/02 of 01/25/2008 "Method of throwing an animated body by the pressure of powder gases in the air and a device for its implementation." This body consists of animated head parts, a hollow hull and aft in the form of a truncated cone. The hollow body is made in the form of a pre-compression chamber and a Laval nozzle, consisting of a confuser equipped with blades at the entrance to the critical section and a diffuser, the lively feed provided with a pallet. These blades are connected to the inner walls of the confuser and the lateral surface of the inverse cone at its apex. The head part has a return cone and is connected to the hollow body by thin jumpers in the form of vanes located along the radius, with the formation of an orthogonal diametrical annular hole between the head part and the hollow body, intersected by the outer surfaces of the jumpers, resting on the side surface of the inverse cone, the length of which reaches the beginning of the critical section of a Laval nozzle. On the outer surface of the body, along the orthogonal diameter of the ogival stern, holes are made that ejected outside air into the diffuser discharge zone and are closed by a pallet together with the diffuser outlet. The axis of the ejected holes is made at an acute angle to the axis of the body towards the end of the stern.

Due to the conversion of the inertia energy of the propelled animated body when it moves along the trajectory into the energy of a supersonic jet, by ejecting atmospheric air into the discharge zone of the diffuser and mixing the ejected and ejected air stream passing through the nozzle, an additional reactive thrust arises to accelerate the movement of this body and therefore a partial return of the expended energy of energy to the thrown animated body on the trajectory occurs. Thus, a throwable animated body is a device with an ejector, capable of increasing its throwing speed at every moment of time after a shot when moving along its target ballistic without increasing the powder charge.

Therefore, such a device of a missile animated body can be called an ejector bullet or an ejector projectile.

However, the disadvantage of an ejector bullet or an ejector projectile designed for throwing from rifled gun trunks is the complexity of the design, due to the presence of the front ogival cone, its connecting parts and blades in the confuser. In addition, the axis of the ejected air holes made in the direction of the stern at an acute angle to the axis of the body does not affect the increase in gyroscopic moment of rotation.

Known cartridge for smooth-bore guns (See patent RU No. 2284449, IPC F42B 7/04), selected as a prototype for the claimed utility model, which contains a rolled polyethylene star type sleeve with an igniter capsule, a charge of powder buried in the sleeve, wad- container, shot shell. The wad container consists of a cylindrical container with a bottom, and the cylinder walls have four longitudinal cuts for uniform opening of the petals when fired after exiting the barrel. The bottom of the container is connected together with a shock absorber, which, in turn, is also connected to the shutter, which covers the charge of powder buried in the sleeve.

A disadvantage of the known cartridge is its low reliability, due to the presence of a polyethylene liner, since at high pressures of the powder gases in the liner and their high temperature at the time of the shot, overheating of the liner walls can occur above the temperature resistance of high-pressure polyethylene - 110 ° C. For this reason, its elongation occurs with separation of the upper part of the sleeve, which leads to its ejection from the barrel together with the container and the ringing of the petal elements, which, when fired, after exiting the barrel, do not open. In this case, a shot shell cannot have a target ballista.

Another disadvantage of the known sports cartridge is the presence of a shot projectile, which cannot increase the speed of throwing at each point of its trajectory, since the movement on the trajectory of this projectile is carried out by inertia.

The proposed utility model solves the technical problem of increasing the reliability and simplifying the design of the cartridge with an ejector bullet, increasing its throwing speed, firing range, improving the trajectory and accuracy of the battle, without increasing the powder charge when shooting from sporting or hunting smoothbore guns.

The specified technical problem is ensured by the fact that in a sports and hunting cartridge with an ejector bullet containing a rolled, star-type sleeve, a primer-igniter, a powder charge, a plastic wad container consisting of a cylindrical container with a bottom equipped with four longitudinal cuts to the bottom, forming four petals, a tubular shock absorber and a shutter covering the powder charge, the bullet is made ejector, in the form of a hollow body with a cylindrical compression chamber, with nozzles om Laval and stern. The cylindrical compression chamber has an open inlet to the oncoming air flow, and its outer ogival surface is associated with a cylindrical surface that coincides with the circumference of the large diameter of the base of the truncated cone of the ogival stern. This cylindrical surface is equipped with an odd number of channel openings closed by the container petals and intended for ejecting outside air after being shot into the discharge zone of the diffuser, the outlet of which is closed in the cartridge by the bottom of the container.

The axis of the channels is made at an acute angle to the plane of symmetry of the ejector bullet, directed at the apex to the end of the stern. The hole in the upper part of the paper sleeve is sealed with a metallized paper circle metallized outward.

In the proposed cartridge, the sleeve for reliability is made either paper or metal, since these materials, with the parameters of the shot from sporting or hunting smoothbore guns, have high heat resistance and, therefore, do not experience significant tensile deformations, unlike polyethylene.

A cylindrical polyethylene container with four petals formed - longitudinal cuts acts as a sub-caliber tray, which, when leaving the barrel from the oncoming air stream, simultaneously opens its petals, freeing the ejector bullet for movement along the trajectory.

The open entrance to the oncoming air flow into the pre-compression chamber determines the amount of compression pressure of the oncoming air flow from the bullet’s velocity head. Therefore, the geometrical parameters of the compression chamber determine, ultimately, the range of throwing velocities of the ejector bullet, the transient time for exciting ejection and jet thrust, and the value of the optimal total pressure loss when braking the input air stream.

The throwing speed for ejector bullets is expressed by the Mach number - M, which is the ratio of the actual speed of a gas or air stream to the speed of sound in the same stream. At M <1, the gas velocity is subsonic, M> 1 is supersonic. The speed of sound in air is assumed to be 333 m / s.

The optimal operating modes of the ejector bullet correspond to the maximum recovery of the total pressure of air compression in the compression chamber and the confuser of the Laval nozzle at the shortest time for transient processes and at a throwing speed corresponding to M <1.5. In absolute values, in the confidence interval of ≈ 5%, this throwing speed can have a value from 270 m / s to 470 m / s, since, at a throwing speed of less than 270 m / s, the duration of transient processes increases significantly, due to heating losses and heat transfer of the bullet walls to the external flow environment.

When a bullet is thrown above sound speed (M> 1), an intense oblique shock wave occurs on the outer surface of the compression chamber, especially on the outer leading edge, with the formation of an outgoing curvilinear shock wave, which leads to a large external wave resistance of the ejector bullet and an undesirable loss of speed after it from the trunk. Therefore, the outer surface of the bullet at the entrance must be performed animated.

It is advantageous to constructively transfer the oblique shock of the external flow seal to the circle of contact of the end of the live surface with the cylindrical surface of the ejector bullet, on which are made, closer to the contact circle, an odd number of channel openings that eject external air into the discharge zone of the diffuser. Such a technical solution is necessary in the cartridge, for reliable coverage of the ejector bullet by the petals of the container, as well as for the suction of the compressed air into the channel openings, and, therefore, to reduce the intensity of the oblique jump and the wave resistance of the ejector bullet, to increase the gyroscopic moment of rotation of the bullet resulting from kinetic exposure compacted ejected air flow onto the inclined walls of the channels after firing.

When transporting cartridges, to prevent the ingress of foreign objects, debris and moisture into the inside of the ejector bullet, the outlet of the sleeve is sealed (for example, with waterproof adhesive) with a metallized paper circle, since the metallization layer prevents moisture from entering.

It is important that when the sleeve is opened at the time of the shot, this metallized paper circle breaks without the formation of separate parts that can get inside the bullet compression chamber and block the critical section of the Laval nozzle, disrupting the ejection process. When the sleeve is opened, these connected parts with its top, the animated surface of the ejector bullet are pressed against the inner surface of the barrel chamber, and, at the next moments of the shot, do not interfere with the passage of the wad container in the barrel due to its small thickness.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows a General view of a sports and hunting cartridge with an ejector bullet in the context; figure 2 shows the appearance of the cross sections of the ejector bullet indicating the acute angle β of the axis of the ejected channels relative to the axis of symmetry of the ejector bullet to the end face of the livestock feed of the ejector bullet.

A sports and hunting cartridge with an ejector bullet (Fig. 1) contains a paper sleeve 1, into which a bottom wad 2 is inserted together with an igniter capsule 3, placed in a steel shell 4. A charge of gunpowder 5 is coated with an obturator 6, connected in one piece through a shock absorber 7 with a bottom 8 of a cylindrical container 9 into which an ejector bullet is placed 10. The inlet of the sleeve is sealed like a star and sealed out by a metallized circle of paper 11.

The design of the ejector bullet of the cartridge consists of a cylindrical compression chamber 12 with a lively outer surface 12, paired 2 with a cylindrical surface 14, a confuser 15, a critical section 16, channels 17, ejected external air, a diffuser 18 located inside the stern 19 with a conical animated surface 20.

The wad-container includes an obturator 6, connected in one piece through a shock absorber 7 with the bottom 8 of the cylindrical container 9.

The Laval nozzle contains a confuser 15, a critical section 16, a diffuser 18 with channels 17.

The work of the cartridge is as follows. When the igniter 3 is inserted into the bottom wad 2, the charge of the powder 5 ignites. The powder gases act on the inner walls of the obturator 6, the outer wall of the obturator 6 is pressed against the inner cylindrical wall of the sleeve 1, which eliminates the breakthrough of gases between the outer wall of the obturator 6 and the inner surface of the sleeve 1, and then the inner wall of the barrel at the exit of the shutter 6 from the sleeve 1.

At the same time, the powder gases act on the tubular shock absorber 7, which, compressing, reduces the pulse of rapidly increasing pressure of the powder gases on the ejector bullet 10. Additional obturating elements of the bottom 8 and the petals of the cylindrical container 9 intercept a portion of the gases breaking through the main obturator 6. With increasing pressure of the powder gases the tubular shock absorber 7 is compressed completely, increasing the volume of the combustion chamber of the cartridge and thereby reducing the peak pressure of the powder gases in the chamber before opening the sleeve.

After opening the sleeve, the destruction of the metallized paper circle 11, under the influence of the pressure of the powder gases, the wad-container with the ejector bullet 10 leaves the sleeve 1 and the process of dispersal of this structure in the gun barrel occurs. In this process, in the barrel, the oncoming air stream is compressed in the compression chamber 12 of the ejector bullet 10, its internal pressure and temperature rises, but this compressed air inside the compression chamber 12 of the ejector bullet 10 remains static, since the bottom 8 covers the outlet of the diffuser 18, and the openings channels 17 with the petals of a cylindrical container 9.

After cutting the barrel, the petals of the cylindrical container 9 and the remaining parts of the wad container are instantly separated from the ejector bullet 10 due to the oncoming air flow and static pressure inside the bullet 10. After separation of the wad container, under the influence of the oncoming air flow and static pressure in the compression chamber 12 of the ejector bullet 10, the air instantly begins to move in the Laval nozzle through the critical section 16, and the process of ejection of external air through the ejected channels 17 is instantly turned on.

Ejector bullet 10, simultaneously with the beginning of the process of ejection of external air, acquires due to the presence of angle β, shown in figure 2, the rotating gyroscopic moment around its axis of symmetry and the stability of movement along its ballista, and also acquires reactive thrust to increase the speed of throwing on the trajectory, by mixing the external ejected air with the ejected flow.

Thanks to the use of ejector bullets in sports and hunting cartridges, the throwing speed on the trajectory increases by 3.5 times and reaches 1500 m / s, compared to the muzzle velocity of 430 m / s ... 450 m / s, with the weight of the ejector bullet along with wad -container of 28 g and a weight of gunpowder 1, 56 g. With a correctly calculated bullet ejector, and the muzzle velocity indicated above, the increase in throwing speed on the trajectory approaches five. For this reason, the range of the aimed shot increases, the flatness of the ballista and the accuracy of the shot are significantly improved.

Thanks to the use of an ejector bullet in the sports and hunting cartridge with an open entrance to the oncoming air stream, as well as a simplified design of the wad container with a shutter, it was possible to create a cartridge with an increased throwing speed and an ejector bullet firing range with improved trajectory persistence and accuracy of battle, without increasing the powder charge.

Claims (2)

1. A sporting and hunting cartridge with an ejector bullet containing a star-shaped cartridge case, an igniter capsule, a powder charge, a plastic wad container consisting of a cylindrical container with a bottom, combined in one piece, equipped with four longitudinal cuts to the bottom, forming four petals, a tubular shock absorber and an obturator covering the powder charge, characterized in that the bullet is made ejector, in the form of a hollow body with a cylindrical compression chamber, with a Laval nozzle and aft, and the cylinder The compression chamber is made with an open entrance to the oncoming air flow, and its outer ogival surface is paired with a cylindrical surface coinciding with the circumference of the large diameter of the base of the truncated cone of the live feed, and this cylindrical surface is equipped with an odd number of channel openings closed by the petals of the container and intended for ejection outside air after firing into the discharge zone of the diffuser, the outlet of which is closed in the cartridge by the bottom of the container, and the axis of the channels filled at an acute angle to the plane of symmetry of the ejector bullet directed by the apex to the end of the stern. 2. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the hole in the upper part of the paper sleeve is sealed with a metallized paper circle metallized outward.