RU83364U1 - IGNITION CANDLE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - Google Patents

Abstract

Spark plug of an internal combustion engine, comprising a housing with an inner outwardly expanding conical surface forming a resonant chamber and an inner annular protrusion as a mass electrode, an insulator and a central electrode installed therein, characterized in that the insulator and a central electrode installed therein are made with an inner outwardly expanding conical surface, while their end surfaces are spaced apart from each other, with the inner outwardly expanding conical surfaces The surface of the housing, insulator and central electrode form a single conical surface of the resonance chamber.

Description

The utility model relates to the electrical equipment of internal combustion engines, in particular, to ignition devices for a combustible mixture in light fuel engines.

To ignite a combustible mixture in such engines, spark plugs are used. All spark plugs operate on the principle of high-voltage spark discharge in a compressed combustible mixture. Due to the high temperature of the spark, ignition of the combustible mixture occurs.

The vast majority of spark plugs are, in their technical essence, a passive arsonist. Despite the fact that the spark discharge is air, surface and combined, the ignition of the combustible mixture occurs in a small volume near the wall of the combustion chamber (NGK catalog “Spark plugs”, 2006)

Further development of combustion is determined by the direction and strength of the vortices of the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber.

The main disadvantage of such spark plugs is the asymmetric combustion of the mixture along an elongated path. This significantly reduces all engine characteristics.

To obtain maximum engine performance, the combustible mixture must be ignited in the center of the combustion chamber. In this case, combustion will occur symmetrically and quickly. With existing engine designs, this is only possible with active ignitors, i.e. spark plugs having a flare effect.

Known prechamber spark plugs containing a housing with an internal cavity, an insulator, a central electrode and a narrow channel (nozzle) connecting the prechamber to the combustion chamber of the engine.

There are a number of disadvantages to prechamber candles:

1. The volume of the prechamber is small to accumulate the necessary charge of the combustible mixture.

2. The cold walls of the prechamber exacerbate the first drawback due to heat loss to the walls.

3. There is no ventilation, and residual gases further reduce the charge of the combustible mixture and increase the ignition instability.

These shortcomings are especially evident in poor starting of a cold engine, unstable engine idling and during sharp throttling.

At the same time, these spark plugs are prone to glow ignition at high loads. After a weak “shot” of the combustion products from the prechamber to the main chamber, a powerful response “shot” occurs, which overheats the central electrode and the insulator.

A more promising way to obtain a powerful torch is to use the effect of the "conical resonance chamber"

Known spark plug containing a housing, an insulator with a central electrode located in it, a side electrode mounted on the housing with the formation of a spark gap between it and the end of the Central electrode. (USSR AS No. 1720115, 1992)

In a known design, an inner conical surface expanding outward is made on the housing, which symmetrically covers the spark gap, and is 3-5 times as high in height.

A disadvantage of the known design is the low efficiency of its work.

A spark plug of an internal combustion engine is known, comprising a housing, an insulator with a thermal cone, central and lateral (“masses”) electrodes forming a spark gap, while the housing is equipped with a resonator with an internal outwardly expanding conical surface covering the spark gap and forming a resonant chamber. (US patent 6667568,2003)

Due to the low thermal conductivity of the nozzle, the heat loss of the spark plug decreased, and its efficiency increased.

However, the efficiency, reliability and other characteristics of the spark plug are still limited in the known design, due to significant heat loss to the cold walls of the working chamber of the spark plug housing and to the side electrode.

Known spark plug has other disadvantages, namely:

- the side electrode introduces asymmetry and shields part of the torch energy.

- the height of the cone nozzle is limited, therefore, the "effect of the cone resonant chamber" is limited.

-Cone nozzle limits the temperature characteristics of the spark plug, is a weak point in the case of detonation, significantly increases the complexity and cost of the spark plug.

- in the case of contamination of the surface of the insulator, the spark may not occur in the spark gap, but “go” along the contaminated surface of the insulator to the spark plug body or electric current can drain over severe contaminants without producing sparks. For example, when starting the engine in wet weather.

Closest to the technical nature of the proposed technical solution is the spark plug of an internal combustion engine, comprising a housing with an inner outwardly expanding conical surface forming a resonant chamber, and an inner annular protrusion as a mass electrode, an insulator and a central electrode installed therein (see RU patent No. 70601). In a known construction, the insulator is made in the form of a thermal cone.

The height of the conical resonance chamber increased, and the flare effect increased proportionally.

The spark also became noticeably longer, and the discharge became superficial. This automatically ensures that the surface of the thermal cone is clean.

However, the height of the cone resonator has not yet reached theoretical

the limit.

In addition, there was a problem of the dielectric strength at the level of the mass electrode at the base of the thermal cone.

The problems solved by the proposed utility model are the elimination of all these disadvantages and the maximum improvement in the characteristics of the spark plug of an internal combustion engine.

The technical result in the present invention is achieved by creating a spark plug of an internal combustion engine, comprising a housing with an inner outwardly expanding conical surface forming a resonant chamber, and an inner annular protrusion as a mass electrode, an insulator and a central electrode installed in it, in which, according to the useful models, an insulator and a central electrode installed in it are made with an inner conical surface expanding outward, while their end surfaces are located They are located at a distance from each other, and the inner conical surfaces of the housing, the insulator and the central electrode expanding outward, form a single conical surface of the resonance chamber.

In the proposed utility model, the height of the resonance chamber reaches theoretical.

No structural elements (housing, insulator, and central electrode) are located in the resonance chamber, which means that the efficiency of the resonance chamber also reaches the theoretical limit.

In addition, in the proposed design, the thickness of the insulator between the central electrode and the housing has significantly increased, which leads to an increase in the life of the candle.

Patent studies have shown that there are no known technical solutions with the indicated set of essential features,

in similar designs of spark plugs, i.e. the proposed solution meets the criterion of "novelty."

We believe that the information set forth in the application materials is sufficient for the practical implementation of the invention.

The essence of the proposed utility model is illustrated by the following description of the device and the drawing, which shows a longitudinal section of a spark plug of an internal combustion engine

The spark plug of the internal combustion engine comprises a housing 1 with an inner outwardly expanding conical surface 2 forming a resonant chamber 3, and an inner annular protrusion 4 as a mass electrode, an insulator 5 and a central electrode 6 mounted therein

The insulator 5 and the central electrode 6 are made with internal outwardly expanding conical surfaces 7 and 8.

The end surfaces of the insulator 5 and the central electrode 6 are located at a distance from each other, and the end surface of the insulator 5 is located below the inner annular protrusion 4 (electrode "mass").

Moreover, the inner expanding outward conical surfaces 2, 7 and 8 of the housing, the insulator and the central electrode form a single conical surface of the resonance chamber 3

The proposed spark plug of an internal combustion engine works as follows:

During the “Inlet” and “Compression” cycles, the resonant chamber 3 is replenished with a combustible mixture. During the supply of a high-voltage pulse to the central electrode 6, the spark gap 9 begins to ionize along the conical surface 7 of the insulator 5.

Surface spark discharge occurs along the path of least resistance, which depends on the contamination of the conical surface 7. It is known that the spark discharge in addition to Joule heat emits

high energy ranging from sound waves (shock wave) to soft X-rays

The indicated energy is repeatedly reflected from the outwardly expanding conical surface 2 and activates the combustible mixture in the resonator chamber 3. The combustion of the mixture begins along the entire length of the spark discharge and quickly spreads throughout the volume of the resonant chamber 3.

When the piston approaches the top dead center, a plasma microexplosion (pulse diverging torch) directed along the axis of the spark plug occurs from the resonance chamber.

When a plasma charge enters the center of the combustion chamber of the engine, the mixture burns in it symmetrically and quickly (in the “Expansion” cycle).

All engine characteristics are greatly improved. This is confirmed by numerous tests on various engines. For example, gasoline savings increased by 15% and dynamism by 30%.

Claims (1)

Spark plug of an internal combustion engine, comprising a housing with an inner outwardly expanding conical surface forming a resonant chamber and an inner annular protrusion as a mass electrode, an insulator and a central electrode installed therein, characterized in that the insulator and a central electrode installed therein are made with an inner outwardly expanding conical surface, while their end surfaces are spaced apart from each other, with the inner outwardly expanding conical surfaces The surface of the housing, insulator and central electrode form a single conical surface of the resonance chamber.