RU79590U1 - ROW, CORNER AND INTERMEDIATE WALL PANELS OF THE PREMISE SMALL-STOREY BUILDING AND WALL FENCING OF THIS BUILDING - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to lightweight enclosing structures of low-rise prefabricated, mainly residential buildings. The proposed technical solution for the construction of ordinary, angular and intermediate wall panels containing a wooden frame around the perimeter and embedded elements allows to simplify the manufacture of wall panels and their installation in the conditions of the construction site, thereby significantly reducing the construction time of buildings. 4 weeks p. f-ly, 27 s.p. f-ly, 19 ill.

Description

The technical field to which the utility model relates.

The utility model relates to construction, and more specifically to lightweight enclosing structures of low-rise prefabricated, mainly residential buildings, erected in a short time.

State of the art

A wall panel is known comprising a wooden frame of vertical struts and crossbars placed between them, an outer and inner skin, between which a thermal insulation layer is placed, made by pouring a hardening foam-like material with high adhesive ability (see utility model patent, RU, No. 58136, IPC: Е04В 2/80, publ. 2006.11.10). The panel is characterized by manufacturability and a high level of mechanization of the manufacturing process. The use of filling insulation ensures uniform filling of the interior of the panel with insulating material and, as a result, its high heat-insulating characteristics. The stiffness of the panel is ensured by the implementation of cladding from solid sheets capable of bearing the load.

Known wall panel containing a wooden frame, solid sheet outer and inner cladding, thermal insulation from foam or sawdust concrete, which is poured into a wooden frame (see patent for utility model, RU, No. 63823, IPC: EV 2/80, publ. 2007.06. 10). To increase the spatial stiffness under shear load, the wooden frame on the side of the inner lining is additionally equipped with clamping elements in the form of metal tapes or brackets fastening the frame diagonally.

The closest analogue for all of the claimed wall panels is a wall panel (see patent for utility model RU No. 68550, IPC: Е04С 2/00, ЕВВ 1/61, publ. 2007.11.27), containing a wooden frame around the perimeter formed by longitudinal bars (racks) and transverse bars (crossbars), fixed on both sides on the frame of the inner and outer skin, between which the insulation and embedded parts. The embedded parts are plastic tubes installed in the upper and lower parts of the panel in through holes drilled across the entire width of the panel through the frame posts and a layer of insulation made in the form of sheet polystyrene foam. The disadvantages of the wall

panels include: the difficulty of making through holes in an already installed insulation and placing embedded pipes in these holes that serve to install connecting rods, as well as low structural rigidity.

Known wall of the house, containing wall panels based on wood and sheet materials, the connection of which is carried out using I-shaped (for ordinary panels) and L-shaped (for corner panels) connecting elements installed in the corresponding vertical joint between placed close to each other panels and connected to them by nailing their horizontal overlays to the corresponding horizontal strapping of the panels (see patent No. 2168592, IPC: EV 2/70, EV 1/10, publ. 2001.06.10). The mentioned solution eliminates the dualism of wooden frames, because the connecting element performs the function of the missing extreme racks of the joined panels. However, the need to manufacture, along with panels of connecting elements, complicates both the production and assembly of building envelopes.

Known wall fencing of wall panels with an elastic lining at the end, connected by means of overlays with holes worn on the pins of the mating panels (see patent for invention No. 1015059, IPC: EV 2/72, publ. 04/30/1983). The disadvantage of the mentioned wall fencing is the location of the connecting elements (plates, pins, nuts) on the side of the outer and inner surfaces of the panel, which does not allow to obtain smooth even surfaces of the walls, and requires additional measures to protect and mask the joints.

As the closest analogue for the claimed wall fencing, a wall fencing is adopted, comprising wall panels with embedded tubes mounted in the upper and lower parts of the panel in its through holes drilled across the entire width of the panel through the frame posts and insulation. The panels are sequentially mounted on the foundation of the building so that the openings of adjacent racks of adjacent panels and the corresponding embedded tubes in each level are located on the same axis. The panels are connected by means of studs, passed through the holes of the frame racks and the corresponding embedded tube and connected in pairs by bolt connection by nuts (see utility model patent RU No. 68550, IPC: Е04С 2/00, Е04В 1/61, publ. 2007.11. 27).

The mentioned fence is characterized by a sufficiently high density of connecting seams, and the location of the connecting elements inside the panel between its sheaths provides ready-made even surfaces as outside,

so inside the house. However, the mentioned fence is characterized by the complexity of the installation of panels and insufficient rigidity of the structure. To increase the rigidity of the mentioned fencing, metal corner posts and horizontal generators are used, to which the panels are additionally fixed.

Utility Model Disclosure

The tasks to which the claimed utility model is directed are to simplify and accelerate the processes of manufacturing panels and their installation at a construction site, increase the rigidity of the structure of both a single panel and the wall enclosure as a whole.

The tasks are solved due to the fact that in an ordinary wall panel for a prefabricated low-rise building, containing a wooden frame around the perimeter of the panel, formed by uprights (longitudinal bars) and crossbars (transverse bars), mounted on the frame of the outer and inner cladding, between which the insulation is located, embedded parts placed at several levels along the height of the panel, each of which is made with a through hole coaxial with the through hole in the frame rack and forming an installation hole with it e for the connecting element, according to the claimed utility model, embedded parts are made in the form of overlays mounted in pairs at each level one opposite the other on the sides of the frame racks facing the internal volume of the panel, while the insulation is made of expanded material poured into the volume of the wall panel formed the outer skin and the wooden frame, with pre-installed embedded parts in it, and the connecting elements are made in the form of bolts placed in the mounting holes to the hall Application of insulation to the location of the bolt head inside the panel, and the threaded portion - from the outside.

The tasks are also solved due to the fact that in the corner wall panel for a prefabricated low-rise building, containing a wooden frame around the perimeter of the panel, formed by struts and crossbars, mounted on the frame of the outer and inner cladding, between which there is a heater placed at several levels along the height of the panel embedded parts, each of which is made with a through hole coaxial with the through hole in the rack of the frame and forming with it a mounting hole for the connecting element, agrees of the claimed utility model, embedded parts are made in the form of overlays mounted at each level on the sides of the frame racks facing the inner volume of the panel, of which one strut is made with an L-shaped cross section, and through

the holes in this rack are made in a wall oriented along the inner or outer casing, and lining is fixed on it, the insulation is made of intumescent material, poured into the panel volume, formed by the outer casing and a wooden frame, with pre-installed embedded parts in it, while the connecting elements are made in the form of bolts placed in the mounting holes before filling the insulation with the location of the bolt head inside the panel, and the threaded part outside.

The solution of the tasks is also achieved due to the fact that in the intermediate panel for a prefabricated low-rise building, containing a wooden frame around the perimeter of the panel, formed by struts and crossbars, mounted on the frame of the outer and inner cladding, between which there is a heater placed at several levels along the height of the panel embedded parts, each of which is made with a through hole coaxial with the through hole in the rack of the frame and forming with it a mounting hole for the connecting element and, according to the claimed utility model, embedded parts are made in the form of overlays mounted in pairs in each level one opposite to the other on the sides of the frame racks facing the internal volume of the panel, while the insulation is made of expanded material poured into the volume of the wall panel formed by the outer skin and wooden frame, with pre-installed embedded parts in it.

In the wall enclosure of a prefabricated low-rise building, containing wall panels with a wooden frame around the perimeter, with embedded parts and mounting holes for connecting elements made in the frame racks and embedded parts installed on the foundation with the mounting holes of adjacent panels on the same level and interconnected by means of a bolted connection, according to the claimed utility model, the above-described ordinary, angular and intermediate confrontations wall panels interconnected by inserting the projecting outwardly of the threaded portion of bolts of one panel into the corresponding insertion holes adjacent panel, and then fixing nut bolts.

Common to all of the claimed wall panels and distinctive from the prototype is the implementation of embedded parts in the form of overlays mounted in pairs on the sides of the frame racks facing the internal volume of the panel, their installation in the panel frame still empty (without insulation) and the insulation is made in the form of an expanded insulation from expanded material.

This solution eliminates the need for drilling holes in the insulation, greatly simplifies the process of manufacturing panels, increases its manufacturability.

Expanded materials include all types of cellular concrete, as well as other foams that cure after being poured into the formwork.

The wooden frame of the panel with the outer skin fixed to it, in fact, is a fixed formwork, into which the embedded parts are preliminarily filled in with the insulator - lining, fittings and connecting bolts. Insulation poured into the formwork evenly fills all cavities, ensuring reliable fastening of embedded parts and connecting bolts in it. After filling the insulation, the bolt head is hidden in the internal volume of the panel and practically “monolithic” in the insulation, only the end threaded part of the bolt protrudes outside the side surface of the panel. When connecting the panels, it will also be hidden in the internal volume of the adjacent panel.

The location of the connecting parts inside the panels between the claddings, allows you to get almost finished internal and external surfaces of the house at the end of installation, usually they are already plastered and painted.

The inventive panels are fully manufactured in the factory, including finishing of surfaces and installation of connecting elements. This solution can significantly simplify the process of assembling wall fencing, when in the conditions of the construction site, a big problem is the combination of the mounting holes of adjacent panels to install a connecting bolt in them.

In the claimed solution, the bolts are already installed in one of the mating panels and it is only necessary to put the mating panel on the protruding pins (end parts of the bolts). The process of assembling a wall fence is greatly simplified and accelerated, which allows you to build a house in a very short (tight) time frame.

The process of transporting fencing elements is also facilitated, as almost all parts assembled in a single panel.

Based on the claimed panels, several types of panels can be made: ordinary standard (deaf), window, door, corner external, corner internal, balcony, etc., i.e. all kinds of panels used in building a house. It is possible to manufacture panels for direct and reverse mounting, depending on the location of mounting bolts and holes.

The claimed solution provides as the ability to install mounting bolts in all mounting holes of the panel, i.e. on both its sides and the ability to install bolts on only one side of the panel. The possibility of such a variant execution of panels, both ordinary and angular, expands the technological and architectural possibilities of construction.

The preferred implementation of embedded parts is the connection of the plates with a rigid connection in the form of a reinforcing rod.

In one specific case of the implementation of the panel, the reinforcing rod connects the metal plates of the same level. In this case, an additional stiffening element is formed at each panel level, which provides hardening of the panel structure, increases its spatial rigidity, and the latter increases significantly after the panels are connected.

So at the end of panel installation, embedded parts of each level together with reinforcing rods and bolted joints form a reinforcing belt around the perimeter of the house. The placement of embedded parts in three levels: in the upper, middle and lower parts of the panel, allows you to get three reinforcing belts around the perimeter of the house, which ensures its high spatial rigidity.

In another specific case of the implementation of the panel, the reinforcing rods can connect metal plates of different levels with the formation of diagonal stiffeners.

The high strength characteristics of the claimed panel, combined with the rigidity and reliability of the connection of these panels, eliminate the need to use additional stiffening elements (for example, racks or strapping of the building frame) when building a house, which take place in the prototype. The frame racks of adjacent panels connected at several levels by bolted connections form the supporting racks of the house, which account for the entire main load.

Thus, the panel frame performs several functions at the same time: the binding function around the perimeter of the panel, participates in the formation of fixed formwork, and is also a supporting structural element. The claimed solution allows you to build frameless buildings and is characterized by high rates of their construction.

Installation of panels is carried out with the inner lining removed, which is fixed last, which ensures ease of installation on the one hand, and obtaining a clean wall surface after installation, on the other hand.

To provide access to the connecting holes and to facilitate the installation of panels, in the area adjacent to the plate, in the mounting hole of which there is no bolt, “underfilling” of the insulation is performed, for example, by installing the corresponding inserts in the permanent formwork.

The bolt connection used in the inventive wall enclosure, unlike the prototype, is characterized by the convenience and ease of installation, allows to increase the tensile forces than to increase the density of joints and their reliability.

The implementation of the insulation of polystyrene foam allows you to obtain the optimal strength, stiffness and heat insulation characteristics of the panel.

Metal plates can be made in any shape, however, the most technologically advanced way is to make metal plates from a corner profile (i.e., in the form of corners), which allows to increase the contact area of the plate with a reinforcing rod when they are connected and to eliminate the need for high dimensional accuracy. The connection of the metal plate with the reinforcing rod is usually performed by welding.

Preferably, the outer skin of the panel is made of flat slate (asbestos-cement sheet).

To perform the inner paneling of the panel, material from the series can be used: drywall, gypsum fiberboard, LSU.

The width of the inner lining of the corner panel is less than the thickness of the panel. In this case, the pulling force will be applied to the wooden racks of the panels and will eliminate the clamping of the lining between these racks, thereby preventing the destruction of the lining.

The inventive panel is characterized by fire safety and environmental friendliness, thanks to the materials used insulation and cladding.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The device of the claimed wall panel and the butt connection of such panels to each other is illustrated by drawings, where

figure 1 - shows a fragment of the wall fencing of the house, according to the claimed utility model; Figure 2 is a General view of the ordinary wall panel (two versions);

Figure 3 is a General view of the corner wall panel (two versions);

Figure 4 is a General view of the intermediate wall panel;

Figure 5 is a view A from figure 4, a side view;

In Fig.6 is a view In from Fig.4, the panel is shown with the removed inner skin;

Fig.7 is a section aa from Fig.6;

On Fig - also, shows another performance of embedded parts;

In Fig.9 - view C from Fig.2, an ordinary panel (1 design) with the inner lining removed; Figure 10 is a section CC of figure 9;

Figure 11 is a view D from figure 2, a row panel (2 execution) with the inner skin removed;

In Fig.12 is a section D-D of Fig.11;

In Fig.13 is a view E of Fig.3, the corner panel (1 execution) with the removed inner skin;

On Fig - section EE with Fig;

In Fig.15 is a view of F from Fig.3, the corner panel (2 execution) with the inner skin removed;

On Fig - section F-F with Fig;

On Fig - shows the fixed formwork of the panel with embedded elements prepared for pouring the insulation, isometry;

In Fig.18 - section G-G of Fig.1, shows the connection node of the ordinary panels;

In Fig.19 - section KK of Fig.1, shows the connection node of the corner and ordinary (or intermediate) wall panels.

Utility Model Implementation

Figure 1 shows a fragment of the wall fencing of the building, according to the claimed utility model, where 1 is the ordinary wall panels, 2 is the corner wall panels and 3 is the intermediate wall panel. The intermediate panel 3 is used, if necessary, to ensure the possibility of docking (closure) of the panels around the perimeter. The type and number of certain panels (1, 2, 3) is set during the design of a house and can be any.

Figure 2 shows a general view of an ordinary wall panel 1, two possible cases of execution: a) connecting elements - bolts are installed in all the mounting holes of the panel, and b) bolts are installed on one side of the panel.

Figure 3 shows a general view of the corner wall panel 2, two possible cases of execution: a) connecting elements - bolts are installed in all the mounting holes of the panel, and b) bolts are installed on one side of the panel.

Figure 4-8 shows the intermediate wall panel 3.

Any wall panel 1, 2 and 3 (see FIGS. 5-16) contains a wooden frame formed by uprights 4 and crossbars 5, mounted on the frame of the outer 6 and inner 7 of the casing, between which there is a heater 8. Inside the panel, embedded parts are mounted in in the form of metal plates 9 placed in three levels (H1, H2 and H3) along the height of the panel. In each pad 9 is made through

a hole coaxial to the through hole in the rack 4 of the frame and forming with it a mounting hole 10 for the connecting element.

Figure 7 shows the simplest design of the pads 9 in the form of metal plates. However, it is more preferable to make pads 9 from a corner profile (i.e., in the form of corners 9), interconnected by a reinforcing rod 11 (see Fig. 8). Each corner 9 with one of its shelves 12, containing a through hole, is mounted on the rack 4 of the frame, and the other shelf 13 faces the inner volume of the panel and is connected with a reinforcing rod 11.

Ordinary panels 1 and corner panels 2, in contrast to panels 3, also contain bolts 14 installed in the holes 10 of the panel prior to filling the insulation 8. The foam polystyrene concrete grade 200 is used as insulation.

The outer skin of 6 wall panels 1, 2, 3 is made of a sheet of flat slate. The inner lining of 7 wall panels 1, 2, 3 can be made of drywall, GVL sheet or LSU.

Corner panel 2 has, in comparison with the ordinary and intermediate panels, a number of features reflected in Fig.13-16. One of the racks of the frame of this panel has an L-shaped cross section (rack 15). The rack 15 preferably consists of two identical longitudinal bars connected to each other at right angles. The width of the inner lining 7 of the corner panel 2 is made smaller by the thickness of this panel.

The manufacture of any wall panel is as follows.

Typically, the panel is made with a height corresponding to the height of the floor of the house, and it has the following dimensions: height 3 m, width 1.5 m and panel thickness 0.2 m. Cut wooden beams of a given length for racks 4 (and 15) and crossbars 5 of the frame and assemble panel frame. The outer skin 6 of flat slate is fixed on the frame. Mount embedded parts. For this purpose, the corners 9 are screwed to the racks 4 of the frame on the side facing the inner volume of the panel, for example, with screws, combining the holes of the corner 9 and the rack 4. Reinforcing rods 11 are welded to the corners 9.

The order and assembly technology of embedded parts does not affect the essence of the claimed utility model and is determined by the specific production. For example, it is possible that the corners 9 connected by a reinforcing rod 11, forming a single embedded part, are installed between the posts 4, observing the alignment of the holes. On Fig shows a fixed formwork 16, prepared for pouring insulation 8.

Depending on the type of panel being manufactured, bolts 14 can also be installed in the formwork 16 before pouring the insulation 8. The bolts are placed in the mounting holes 10, passing them from the inside of the panel to the outside.

Foamed polystyrene concrete is poured into the formwork 16. After it dries, the panel is ready for installation.

If necessary, in the formwork 16 before filling the insulation can be installed liners (shown in the drawings), providing the formation of "underfill" 17 insulation 8, serving to provide access to the installation holes 10 when installing panels. In this case, the used insulation material 8 allows you to perform similar to "underfilling" 17 recesses after pouring and curing the insulation, for example by simply chipping a portion of the insulation at the location of the hole 10.

Joining the inner skin 7 to the panels is carried out after the assembly (connection) of the panels to each other.

The installation of the panels is as follows.

Panels 1, 2, 3 together with the inner casing 7, mainly in the removed form, are delivered to the construction site. The panels are successively lifted and mounted on the foundation 18 of the building. At the same time, alignment of the mounting holes 10 of the joined panels is ensured. The end parts of the bolts 14 of one panel are inserted into the corresponding holes 10 of the adjacent panel that is joined to it. Bolts 14 are fixed by means of nuts 19. After installing all the panels and checking the connections, the “underfill” of the heater insulation 8 panels 17 are eliminated and sealed. Last but not least, they install and attach the inner skin of 7 panels.

The use of filler insulation in combination with the constructive solution of embedded parts provides not only high manufacturability and ease of manufacture of the panel, but also greatly simplifies the installation (assembly) of panels. Installation of wall fencing at home is carried out at a fast pace. So, for example, the assembly of the wall fencing of one of the constructed one-story houses was carried out within one working day. The inventive panel is characterized by simplicity of design and high manufacturability, as well as fire safety and environmental friendliness, thanks to the materials used insulation and cladding.

Claims (31)

1. An ordinary wall panel for a prefabricated low-rise building, containing a wooden frame around the perimeter of the panel, formed by uprights and crossbars, fixed to the frame of the outer and inner cladding, between which there is a heater, embedded parts located at several levels along the height of the panel, each of which is made with a through hole coaxial with the through hole in the rack of the frame and forming with it a mounting hole for the connecting element, characterized in that the embedded parts are made in the form of masonry, mounted in pairs at each level, one opposite the other, on the sides of the frame racks facing the internal volume of the panel, the insulation made of expanded material poured into the volume of the wall panel formed by the outer skin and the wooden frame, with embedded parts pre-installed in it, and the connecting elements are made in the form of bolts placed in the mounting holes before filling the insulation with the location of the bolt head inside the panel, and the threaded part outside. 2. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the bolts are installed in all the mounting holes of the panel. 3. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the bolts are installed in the mounting holes of the panel located on one side thereof. 4. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the pads are interconnected by reinforcing rods. 5. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the pads are placed at three levels in height of the panel. 6. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the lining is made of corner steel. 7. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulation is made of expanded polystyrene concrete. 8. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that in the area adjacent to the plate, in the mounting hole of which there is no bolt, underfilling of the insulation is made. 9. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer skin is made of flat slate. 10. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner lining is made of drywall sheet, or gypsum fiber sheet, or LSU. 11. An angular wall panel for a prefabricated low-rise building, containing a wooden frame around the perimeter of the panel, formed by uprights and crossbars, fixed to the frame of the outer and inner cladding, between which there is a heater, embedded parts located at several levels along the height of the panel, each of which is made with a through hole coaxial with the through hole in the rack of the frame and forming with it a mounting hole for the connecting element, characterized in that the embedded parts are made in the form of masonry, mounted at each level on the sides of the frame racks facing the inner volume of the panel, of which one strut is made with an L-shaped cross-section, and through holes in this strut are made in the wall oriented along the inner or outer skin, and are fixed on it lining, insulation is made of intumescent material poured into the volume of the panel formed by the outer skin and a wooden frame, with embedded parts pre-installed in it, while the connecting element s are made in the form of bolts placed in the mounting holes before filling the insulation with the location of the bolt head inside the panel, and the threaded part outside. 12. The panel according to claim 11, characterized in that the bolts are installed in all the mounting holes of the panel. 13. The panel according to claim 11, characterized in that the bolts are installed in the mounting holes of the L-shaped rack of the frame. 14. The panel according to claim 11, characterized in that the pads are interconnected by reinforcing rods. 15. The panel according to claim 11, characterized in that the pads are placed at three levels in height of the panel. 16. The panel according to claim 11, characterized in that the lining is made of corner steel. 17. The panel according to claim 11, characterized in that the insulation is made of expanded polystyrene concrete. 18. The panel according to claim 11, characterized in that in the area adjacent to the plate, in the mounting hole of which there is no bolt, underfilling of the insulation is made. 19. The panel according to claim 11, characterized in that the outer skin is made of flat slate. 20. The panel according to claim 11, characterized in that the inner lining is made of drywall sheet, or gypsum fiber sheet, or LSU. 21. The panel according to claim 11, characterized in that the inner skin is made with a width shortened by the thickness of the panel. 22. An intermediate wall panel for a prefabricated low-rise building, containing a wooden frame around the perimeter of the panel, formed by struts and crossbars, fixed to the frame of the outer and inner cladding, between which there is a heater, embedded parts located at several levels along the height of the panel, each of which is made with a through hole coaxial with the through hole in the rack of the frame and forming with it a mounting hole for the connecting element, characterized in that the embedded parts are made in in the form of overlays mounted in pairs at each level, one opposite the other, on the sides of the frame racks facing the inner volume of the panel, while the insulation is made of expanded material poured into the volume of the wall panel formed by the outer skin and the wooden frame, with embedded parts pre-installed in it. 23. The panel according to item 22, wherein the pads are placed at three levels in height of the panel. 24. The panel according to item 22, wherein the pads are interconnected by reinforcing rods. 25. The panel according to item 22, wherein the pads are made of corner steel. 26. The panel according to p. 22, characterized in that the insulation is made of expanded polystyrene concrete. 27. The panel according to p. 22, characterized in that in the area adjacent to the plate, in the mounting hole of which there is no bolt, underfilling of the insulation is made. 28. The panel according to item 22, wherein the outer skin is made of flat slate. 29. The panel according to item 22, wherein the inner lining is made of drywall sheet, or gypsum fiber sheet, or LSU. 30. Wall fencing of a prefabricated low-rise building, containing wall panels with a wooden frame around the perimeter, with embedded parts and mounting holes for connecting elements, made in the racks of the frame and embedded parts installed on the foundation with the mounting holes of adjacent panels on the same level and connected interconnected by means of a bolted connection, characterized in that as the wall panels used ordinary panels according to claim 1, corner panels according to claim 11 and intermediate panels according to claim 22 interconnected by inserting the projecting outwardly of the threaded portion of bolts of one panel into the corresponding insertion holes adjacent panel, and then fixing nut bolts. 31. The fence according to claim 30, characterized in that the installation of the panels and their connection are carried out with the removed inner skin of the panels.