RU78701U1 - SIEVE - Google Patents

Abstract

A sieve for separating seeds of grain crops, consisting of a corrugated surface with oblong holes, characterized in that the corrugated surface of the sieve is made of longitudinal planes located alternately at an angle from 150 to 162 ° to each other, while vertical depressions are located at the junctions of adjacent planes ribs, the height of which is commensurate with the average value of the length of the kernels of the separated crops, and from two to five rows of oblong holes are made on each plane.

Description

The proposed device relates to technical means for the separation and sorting of seeds of grain crops. It can be used in sieve grain cleaning machines for processing elongated seeds, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats or other materials.

Known devices for sorting seeds of grain crops, in which the working elements are sieves, that is, planar or wavy surfaces with holes of various shapes and specified sizes, which, according to the applicant, is more correctly called the word "sieve". Examples of such devices are inventions according to AS No. 1407581 A1 SU 06.02.86. and AC No. 1459730 A1 SU 08.06.87. Cl. B07B 1/28. 1/04, as well as sieve for patents RU No. 2071843 C1 05.01.94.cl. B07B 1/04, 1/46 and RU No. 2161541 C2 03/29/95. class B07B 1/04.

However, the mentioned technical solutions have disadvantages. The first two devices 1407581 and 1459730, having a wavy surface, are effective only when the vibrations of the sieves are carried out in the transverse direction relative to the sieve waves, or have a more complex path, for example, along an arc with a constant or variable amplitude. Analog 2071843 - a sieve made in the form of flat surfaces with longitudinal convex jumpers, between which there are two rows of holes, is the closest to the proposed sit and is taken as a prototype. The disadvantage of this sieve is that the presence of rectilinear horizontal jumpers creates a stable position of particles along the entire length of these jumpers on the entire sieve, therefore, reduces the sifting and efficiency of the separation process.

The sieve according to AC.2161541, the working surface of which is made by alternately arranged longitudinal jumpers of different diameters, supported by transverse jumpers, has the disadvantage that large particles, the smallest of which are larger than the distance between the jumpers, will constantly lean on two adjacent jumpers moving along the entire length of the sieve will prevent small particles from passing through the sieve. It also reduces the efficiency of grain separation.

The proposed sieve, in comparison with the above analogues, has increased efficiency. Efficiency is achieved by the fact that under the influence of vibrations during the longitudinal movement of the grain material along the surface of the sieve, an additional turning point arises, since the surface of the sieve is corrugated and consists of longitudinal planes located at an angle to each other, and each plane has from two to five rows of elongated holes. In the depressions at the joints of the longitudinal planes, vertical ribs are located, the height of which is equal to the average value of the length of the grains of the separated crops. The angle between the longitudinal planes is from 150 to 162 degrees, which corresponds to an angle of 9 to 15 degrees between the planes and the horizontal line in the transverse plane of the sieve.

The proposed sieve is shown in the figure, in which Fig. 1 shows a cross section AA of the sieve section, in Fig. 2 is a top view and in Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of an embodiment of a vertical rib with a designation of the main parameters.

The main elements of the sieve are longitudinal inclined planes 1, vertical ribs 2, peaks 3, formed as a result of connecting two adjacent planes, inclined in different directions, oblong holes 4 and lower vertical ribs 5. Holes in the above

figure are arranged in three rows with longitudinal alternating displacement.

The above-mentioned features, according to the applicant, are new, unknown from the prior art and are industrially applicable, therefore, they meet the conditions of patentability.

The figure conventionally shows the grain E and the direction of the forces of interaction of the grain with the inclined plane, namely: G is the gravity of the grain, N is the reaction of the inclined plane, F is the friction force, R is the inertia force of the grain at the time of the sieve's accelerated movement along arrow K.

In addition, the parameters of some elements of the proposed sieve are also indicated: H is the dimensions of the sieve in the vertical plane, α is the angle of inclination of the longitudinal planes, ψ is the angle between the planes, h is the height of the rib, r is the radius of curvature when the vertical rib goes into the inclined plane, in - the thickness of the working planes.

The workflow is as follows. The grain material is supplied in a uniform flow to the initial section of the sieve, which is inclined downward in the longitudinal direction. Under the influence of vibrations of the sieve, the grain flow moves along planes in the longitudinal direction toward the slope of the overall surface of the sieve. In this case, small grains, the width or thickness of which is less than the width of the sieve holes, fall through the holes, and large grains remain on its surface. Small grains that are currently on the surface of the lintels remain on the surface. But, since the working surface of the sieve consists of alternately located and oppositely inclined longitudinal planes, an additional tilting moment occurs, acting on the grain in the transverse vertical plane from the (gravitational force) gravity G and the reaction of the bridge N, which is deviated from the vertical by an angle equal to the angle of inclination of the surface to the horizon, that is, ψ. At the same time, a turning moment acts on the grain E

in the horizontal plane under the influence of friction force F and inertia R. Grains on the working surfaces of such a sieve are in a less stable position than on horizontal sieves or sieves, since the centers of mass of the grains are deviated from the vertical line passing through the fulcrum. In an effort to turn and slide toward the side of the rib and at the same time unfolding relative to the vertical, the kernels are faster oriented by the long axis along the sieve openings, which leads to an intensification of the separation process. The presence of vertical ribs in the hollows between the planes also contributes to the acceleration of the turn of the grains when they fall into the zone of the near row of holes. The distance from the walls of the rib to the hole in the near row r should ideally be less than half the smallest size of the kernel. The lower ribs 5 serve only to impart increased rigidity to the entire surface of the sieve, but they can be omitted as unnecessary.

The height of the ribs h is determined by the size of the particles to be separated and, for example, for processing crops such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, their height should be approximately equal to their average length or exceed their thickness by 3-4 times, and taking into account the thickness of the material, from which the sieve is made, the equality H = b + r + h is observed, which is preferred and easily feasible in the manufacture of a sieve, for example, from a steel sheet with a thickness of 0.5-0.8 mm.

Claims (1)

A sieve for separating seeds of grain crops, consisting of a corrugated surface with oblong holes, characterized in that the corrugated surface of the sieve is made of longitudinal planes located alternately at an angle from 150 to 162 ° to each other, while vertical depressions are located at the junctions of adjacent planes ribs, the height of which is commensurate with the average value of the length of the grains of the separated crops, and from two to five rows of elongated holes are made on each plane.