RU75667U1 - MACHINE FOR PREPARATION, CRUSHING, STORAGE AND FEEDING OF SKELETAL MATERIAL - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a machine in which the initial ballast skeletal material is crushed, prepared and stored in a closed system for the production of asphalt concrete in a hot way. With this closed-loop system, granular dust microparticles that occur during the preparation, crushing, storage and feeding process can be held in the filter system and trapped dust particles can be used as filler material. Then the skeletal material is either transferred to the installation for the production of asphalt concrete by a continuous feed system, or is discharged directly into this system.

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The present invention relates to a machine in which the initial ballast skeletal material is crushed, prepared and stored in a closed system for the production of asphalt concrete in a hot way. In this closed system, granular dust microparticles that occur during the preparation, crushing, storage and feeding process can be held by the filter system and trapped dust particles can be used as filler material. Then the skeletal material is either transferred to the installation for the production of asphalt concrete by a continuous feed system, or is discharged directly into this system.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

For a better understanding of the present invention, the following terms and definitions refer to this technical field:

Skeletal material - the main source material used in the production of asphalt concrete, obtained from solid stone materials.

Bitumen is a refinery product used to bind skeletal material.

Crushing plant - a plant for crushing and sieving solid stone materials.

Asphalt plant - installation for the production of asphalt concrete.

Asphalt concrete - a material obtained by mixing skeletal material with bitumen, used to pave roads and open areas.

Granulometric composition - the relative size of the stone material in the selected series.

Ballast - stone material measuring 25-65 mm; it is crushed in a primary crusher after extraction from a quarry for separation from other foreign particles.

Asphalt concrete is prepared in several stages, which include mixing hot bitumen with skeletal material of a given size, collected in accordance with its size and heated in a controlled manner.

Solid stone materials used in the production of asphalt concrete are obtained by explosions with dynamite quarries, quarries and rapids and fed to the crusher. This material usually contains soil and coarse hard rock material, which is crushed by various crushing elements such as jaw crusher, impact crusher, hammer crusher, etc. in two stages, known as primary crushing and secondary crushing.

In order to obtain skeletal material, the residual soil material in the crushed stone material is roughly removed by the bypass system, after which the solid stone material goes through the crushing and screening stages to obtain the skeletal material of the required size in horizontal crushing plants.

The crushing process is carried out in two successive stages, called the primary crushing process and the secondary crushing process. Material is transported between these two stages by conveyors.

During primary crushing, the size of large stone material always decreases to less than 150 mm; a further reduction in size, which is always less than 25 mm, is achieved by secondary crushing.

Crushed stone material (skeletal material) is classified by size by passing through sieves with different sizes, and this classified skeletal material (for example, classified with sizes 0-4 mm, 4-7 mm, 7-12 mm and 12-19 mm) in open areas without mixing. Then each fraction of the classified skeletal material is transferred to the hopper for cold skeletal material for subsequent use as a source material for the production of asphalt concrete. This is shown in FIG.

The skeletal material is conveyed by conveyors (FIG. 1) with passage through feed holes located under the hoppers and discharged into a drying oven (dryer), where the skeletal material is moved inside the furnace with a rotational movement and dried using hot air and the heated inner surface of the drying furnace ( dryers) as a result of the evaporation of water vapor inside the skeletal material.

The temperature in the dryer is increased to + 160 ° C. Drying ovens are usually heated by burners that run on liquid or gaseous fuels (FIG. 1).

The burnt gases from the dryer are scattered after first passing through a large capacity dust filter placed above the exhaust system of the unit so that:

1) to prevent environmental pollution caused by mixing and the spread of stone dust microparticles inside the skeletal material and burnt air and evaporation of water inside the dryer during discharge from the pipe;

2) to prevent the emission of dust particles and to ensure their collection, as an important raw material for the production of high quality asphalt concrete.

Dust particles are trapped in the cyclones of the filter system for use as a filler material. As shown in figure 1, this process begins to be widely used with the exception of some types of installations.

The filler material collected in the cyclone devices is transferred by a screw conveyor to the filler hopper (Fig. 1).

Skeletal material, heated and dried in a drying oven, is transferred to the asphalt plant by a vertical lift (Fig. 1). As shown in this figure, the hot skeletal material passes through a multi-layer screening device for further screening with classification by size and is discharged into the hopper for hot skeletal material.

The skeletal material necessary for the production of asphalt in a certain amount is automatically weighed and transferred to the mixer.

On the other hand, bitumen, which will also be used in the production of asphalt concrete, is automatically weighed on a bridge scale for bitumen and added to the content of skeletal material in the mixer.

Now, the skeletal material and bitumen loaded into the mixer are thoroughly mixed for a predetermined time until a uniform hot bitumen mixture is obtained (Fig. 1).

The mixture obtained in this process is either directly discharged into a vehicle or stored in bunkers for finished asphalt concrete before being transported for use.

DISADVANTAGES OF KNOWN TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS

Crushing plant site

Any crushing plant that will supply skeletal material with an average sized asphalt plant with a capacity of 2,000 tons per day should produce and store approximately 20,000 tons of skeletal material to meet the need for only 10 days. Since the transfer of 20,000 tons of skeletal material from the quarry, as well as the storage of skeletal material can cause some difficulties, crushing plants are usually built on open sites in the immediate vicinity of the quarries.

The crushing and screening plants of the crushing plant, operating in accordance with the current state of the art, are built together according to the horizontal layout scheme, according to which one installation follows another, and the material is transferred between the plants by conveyors in one plane.

Storage areas

As can be understood from the above explanations, the structural integrity that meets the current state of technical knowledge and the technological processes for the production of asphalt concrete first require crushing of all skeletal materials with all levels of particle size distribution and storage for future use.

The main units of the asphalt plant are structurally large and large in terms of mass and volume and require a certain amount of time to achieve the required technological conditions, such as operating temperature. Therefore, continuous operation is what the manufacturer strives for after putting the installation into operation. On the other hand, the continuous operation of the installation depends on one important factor, namely: the presence of the required quantity and the required size of the skeletal

material at the right time during operation to ensure continuous installation.

However, in existing operating systems, the continuous operation of the installation is completely impractical and also impossible from the point of view of coordination between the installation and the crusher, which provides a stable supply of material, where at least the blocks are located horizontally in accordance with the open area system. In addition, the complex structure of the equipment, the need for large sites, the high cost of investment and operation, and the complete shutdown of the entire system in case of failure make continuous operation impractical from the point of view of manufacturers of asphalt concrete.

Therefore, manufacturers of asphalt concrete strive to operate the asphalt plant and crusher separately and store the required amount of skeletal material with all levels of particle size distribution until the production of asphalt concrete. Prior to shipment for use, this large amount of skeletal material is stored in large storage areas.

Another factor that makes storage unavoidable is that the amount of skeletal material obtained after crushing, sieving and grading does not correspond to the actual amount of skeletal material required for the production of asphalt concrete. Therefore, the amount of skeletal material produced in the crusher is planned taking into account the greatest possible need for skeletal material. In addition, uncontrolled degrees of distribution of different sizes of skeletal material make it necessary to produce excess quantities; in addition, the storage of finished skeletal material in large and closed areas until the production of asphalt concrete requires additional investment costs and is associated with certain difficulties.

Skeletal material, classified with the best particle size distribution up to 4 mm, accounts for approximately 50% of the total skeletal material requirement for the production of asphalt concrete. This skeletal material, which is usually stored uncovered in open areas, is easily eroded. Skeletal material of these sizes, which is easily blown out (less than 1 mm), is the most important class of skeletal material for the production of high-quality asphalt concrete. This is confirmed by published conclusions and recommendations.

It is not always possible to take the necessary measures to prevent exposure to wind, for example, to cover with tarpaulin. In fact, it is preferable not to cover the skeletal material in order to benefit from heating by the sun to dry the skeletal material. However, storing skeletal material in open areas can lead to numerous undesirable consequences, which in turn will worsen the quality of the asphalt concrete produced.

Wind action

When choosing a site for the construction of the crusher, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors, such as the prevailing wind direction at the site, due to the adverse effects on workers' health and the environment due to the dispersion of dust particles under the influence of wind. A gentle breeze around the site is always preferred. If there is no wind, heavy dust settles on the plant during operation, quickly putting the crusher out of order. Another negative factor due to the action of the wind is that if the site is open to strong winds, dust particles fly apart, and they can no longer be used as a filler material, which is required as an important raw material for the production of asphalt concrete.

In some crushing plants, as a means of attenuating dust, in some cases a method of spraying water is used to wet the skeletal

material, however, this can adversely affect the quality of the asphalt made using wet skeletal material.

Impact of mixing with foreign particles

Maintaining the site and surrounding site areas storing skeletal material is not always easy. Skeletal material is usually mixed with other foreign substances, or small skeletal material is not protected from mixing with soil substances in storage areas. In addition, skeletal materials of different particle sizes can be mixed.

Weather effect

Skeletal material gets wet due to the influence of weather conditions, such as rain and snow. When skeletal material comes in contact with water and moisture, it usually absorbs water and holds it inside, since it has a large surface area for contact. This leads to a deterioration in the quality of the asphalt concrete produced, since water oxidizes the metal molecules in the skeletal material, and the asphalt concrete produced from the oxidized skeletal material is of poor quality.

Effect of dust particles adhering to skeletal material

When the skeletal material gets wet, it becomes more susceptible to the surrounding dust particles, which, when the skeletal material is transported by conveyors, adhere tightly to the surface of the skeletal material and form an outer shell that does not lag easily even during the drying of the skeletal material in the dryer and remains on the surface of large particles of skeletal material . This prevents the skeletal material from mixing with bitumen uniformly in the production of asphalt, since this outer shell then dries, forming a film layer on the skeletal material, thereby preventing it from forming a homogeneous mixture with bitumen. The result is the production of low quality asphalt concrete.

The effect of dust formation during transportation, loading and unloading of skeletal material

When transporting skeletal material from the crusher either to storage areas or to an asphalt plant, it is loaded and unloaded several times, which causes the formation of a significant amount of dust. Trucks are commonly used to transport skeletal material from one place to another over short distances, and it is not customary to cover skeletal material when transported with tarpaulin. As a result, the formation of dust during loading and unloading has the same effect as dust formation in the crusher, and only exacerbates the situation.

Environmental impact

The noise generated during operations of transportation, screening, loading and unloading of skeletal material, together with the release of energy, have an adverse effect on the environment and people working on the site. In addition, operating costs for equipment used for this purpose increase the total investment and, in addition, reduce productivity.

The effect of energy spent on drying skeletal material

In order to achieve a homogeneous mixture of skeletal material and bitumen, which has the required quality in the production of asphalt concrete, the entire mass of skeletal material must be dried in a drying oven, which is heated to + 160 ° C. The skeletal material stored in open areas gets wet and, therefore, contains a significant amount of water, which must first be evaporated in order to obtain a truly dry skeletal material. The heat energy needed to heat wet and moist skeletal material is an important cost item in relation to the total energy costs and the investment associated with this process. Another consequence of high consumption

energy when heating and drying moistened skeletal material is increased exhaust emissions, which is the result of using large amounts of fuel in the drying stage.

Another undesirable consequence of the high water content in the skeletal material is water vapor, which is formed as a result of the release of hot air through the tube of the drying oven. Since the water vapor contained in the hot gases emitted from the pipe interacts with dust on the dust filters, which leads to clogging of the mesh, thereby reducing permeability and degrading the performance of the filter. A clogged filter element prevents the air fans from properly sucking in air. Under such circumstances, the amount of oxygen needed to efficiently burn the fuel used in the dryer burner is not supplied sufficiently, as a result of which the performance of the burner is reduced and unburned gases are released into the atmosphere.

On the other hand, when the skeletal material is crushed as a result of friction of its surfaces, thermal energy is generated, and this energy allows a significant amount of water vapor to evaporate. However, due to a decrease in the temperature of the skeletal material stored in the open air, re-wetting occurs and the energy created by friction is lost.

Impact of use in the production of granular dust microparticles

In an asphalt plant, dust is generated in two ways:

1) as a result of the processes of crushing, screening and transportation of skeletal material in the crusher, after loading and unloading of skeletal material at storage sites and at the end of the drying, screening and transportation of skeletal material in an asphalt plant;

2) granular microparticles separated from the skeletal material itself.

Granular dust microparticles are not only the main element for ensuring the quality of production of asphalt concrete, but also an important raw material for other sectors of the industry, such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, chemical and paint industries. If after the above processes granular dust particles can be obtained in significant quantities, they can be used both in an asphalt plant as a means to improve quality, and as raw materials for other sectors of industry. However, for some of the aforementioned reasons, such as the location of crushing plants on wide areas, their interaction with the environment, large storage areas that make dust control difficult, most of the dust that forms is lost. In this case, some sectors of industry face the loss of important raw materials, and to satisfy this need they use some special manufacturing processes, which are expensive, or import it. Thus, the industrial contribution of this material is clearly underestimated. This situation further increases the importance of collecting granular dust microparticles, preventing them from spreading to the environment. However, it is difficult to collect even a small amount of particles before they are sprayed by the sources described above on conventional sites with open horizontal placement of equipment and mechanisms, and this requires the introduction of a highly integrated dust collection system, which is more expensive than the installation itself.

Despite the growing interest of society, and penalties for environmental pollution, for most enterprises, alternatives to the conventional system are practically impracticable.

Effect on bitumen quantities and quality of asphalt concrete

The amount of skeletal material that should be contained in the asphalt mix and the proportion of bitumen are two main factors that are determined by technical calculations and based on the results

laboratory tests and experiments in accordance with the use of asphalt concrete, its strength and type of skeletal material. A smaller or higher proportion of skeletal material in the asphalt mixture directly affects the quality of the asphalt concrete. The amount of bitumen less than required does not allow the skeletal material to bind well. On the other hand, the amount of bitumen greater than required reduces the strength and durability of asphalt concrete and causes its deformation after a short time. Therefore, for the production of high-quality asphalt concrete, the correct proportion of bitumen in the asphalt mixture must be carefully calculated, controlled and maintained at optimal levels.

However, in a conventional installation with open horizontal equipment, in which soil and foreign substances mixed with skeletal material cannot be effectively removed, an amount of bitumen is used that is higher than the required amount, since soil and foreign substances form a film layer on the skeletal material, as a result of which the absorption of bitumen by skeletal material is difficult. Improved absorption of bitumen is achieved only by using an amount of bitumen that is higher than the required amount. In this case, too much bitumen impairs the quality of asphalt concrete. On the other hand, bitumen, which is a by-product of oil, is one of the higher consumption items, and therefore an increase in its quantity is undesirable from the point of view of operating costs.

The impact of the cost of production of asphalt concrete

As already explained above, despite all these adverse conditions and regardless of the type and number of stages of crushing and screening, as well as technological processes used in a conventional installation with open horizontal placement of equipment, which currently prevails, to combat undesirable mixing of skeletal material with

soil and foreign substances, and it is impossible to prevent it. Since asphalt concrete is prepared from skeletal material, which cannot be separated from impurities and change in ballast form, asphalt concrete is of low quality with high cost.

The present invention, explained in the next section, offers a new way to eliminate or at least reduce all the disadvantages of the known system by creating an industrially applicable advanced system and method for producing high quality asphalt concrete with lower cost.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The aim of the present invention is to provide a machine for the use of soil-free skeletal material in the production of asphalt concrete by obtaining ballast material from solid stone material with its subsequent processing to eliminate other materials.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a machine to eliminate unnecessary investment costs required to collect granular dust microparticles that are formed in the production of asphalt concrete or crushing.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a means for storing ballast materials before they are submitted to the final fractional selection of material. In this way we can:

- reduce storage costs, since we can exclude the production of more skeletal material than would be required for the production of asphalt concrete;

- eliminate the harmful effects of oxidation of metal molecules caused by wetting of skeletal material;

- reduce the need for storage areas;

- reduce the harmful effects on the environment by preventing the spread of granular dust microparticles;

- create a healthier work environment for people in the factory;

- eliminate dust formation that occurs during transportation, loading and unloading of skeletal material;

- eliminate the noise that occurs during operations of transportation, screening, loading and unloading of skeletal material and eliminate the detrimental effects of energy released during operation of the equipment in the operations described above;

- reduce the cost of repair and maintenance of equipment used in the operations described above, and prevent the causes that may impede production and reduce productivity;

- prevent the mixing of skeletal material with foreign particles such as soil and other contaminants.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a system for using granular dust microparticles as a raw material in other industrial applications.

Another objective of the present invention is to prevent the adherence of granular dust microparticles on the surface of the skeletal material, forming a film layer, which subsequently prevents the formation of a homogeneous mixture of skeletal material and bitumen.

Another objective of the present invention is to reduce energy requirements and, consequently, reduce investment costs.

Another objective of the present invention is to prevent the use of too much fuel and, therefore, reduce gas emissions through the pipe.

Another objective of the present invention is to prevent condensation of water vapor, taken together with hot air from the exhaust pipe, on the surface of the dust filters and, therefore, eliminating any undesirable effects that interfere with the operation of the filter.

Another objective of the present invention is to prevent a decrease in the productivity of the dryer and the discharge of unburned gases into the atmosphere.

Another objective of the present invention is to reduce the energy consumption of the drying oven by preventing wetting of the skeletal material already heated and dried by thermal energy resulting from friction between the surfaces of the skeletal material.

Another objective of the present invention is to make it possible to use granular dust microparticles as raw materials for other industrial applications, such as in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, paint and varnish and chemical industries.

Another objective of the present invention is to improve the quality of asphalt concrete by providing better homogeneity of the mixture of skeletal material and bitumen.

Another objective of the present invention is to reduce the cost and improve the quality of asphalt concrete through the optimal use of bitumen.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a continuous supply to the asphalt plant of the stored skeletal material of different particle size distribution in one closed system.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide the exact amount of skeletal material required for production, exactly

on time thanks to the advantage of continuous feeding into the asphalt plant, which is ensured by the regulation of the rotational speed of the crusher.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a mechanism for supplying skeletal material to more than one asphalt plant, containing several means of transportation and supply of skeletal material, each with a different axis under the new mechanism.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide, if necessary, a mechanism for directly unloading skeletal material into vehicles, containing several means of transporting and supplying skeletal material, each with a different axis under the new mechanism.

Another objective of the present invention is the creation of a mechanism for storing skeletal material of more than one fraction of the particle size distribution and changing the storage capacity in accordance with the need of an asphalt plant.

Another objective of the present invention is a mechanism for storing and collecting dust particles by direct suction from the installation units due to completely closed operation after the secondary crushing stage.

The aforementioned mechanism, made in the context of the present invention, usually consists of a frame body, in which in the annular compartments there is skeletal material from a secondary crusher, and support elements that carry the body.

Screens are located in the upper part of the plot, where skeletal material enters the mechanism; therefore, skeletal material with the desired particle size fraction is placed inside the housing. The flow direction of the skeletal material, in the corresponding annular compartment, in accordance with its level of particle size distribution is carried out along the guide channels.

Uniform distribution and storage of skeletal material in various places of the housing along the annular compartments and easy passage of skeletal material along the guide channels between the compartments are carried out. The horizontal passage corridors between the annular compartments allow the use of the annular compartments as a single compartment.

The lower ends of the annular compartments are conical in shape for the convenient release of skeletal material in the production of asphalt concrete.

EXPLANATION OF ILLUSTRATIONS

In order to understand the present invention, together with all its auxiliary elements, it is necessary to consider the accompanying figures as an addition to the invention.

Figure 1 is an illustration of a known arrangement of an asphalt plant.

Figure 2 is an illustration of the arrangement of an asphalt plant in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 3 is a side view of a machine for classifying and storing skeletal material in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 4 is a General view of the sections of the classification and storage of skeletal material located in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 5 is a General view of part of the structure of the sections of the classification and storage of skeletal material in accordance with the present invention.

Fig.6 is a sectional view of the classification and storage sections of skeletal material for showing how skeletal material, differently selected according to particle size distribution, is classified and distributed into different groups.

7 schematically shows the alignment and orientation of the skeleton material discharge covers of the conical design of the skeletal material classification and storage sections, made in the lower part in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 8 is an illustration of the construction of skeletal material loading covers arranged in accordance with the present invention, in which skeletal material coming from screens is guided into the mechanism body via guide channels.

Fig. 9 schematically shows how more than one skeleton material discharge cover is aligned on more than one axis located in accordance with the present invention.

POSITIONS OF PARTS REFERRED TO EACH ILLUSTRATION

1 Support element

2 Case

3 screen

4 Discharge necks

5 Guide

6 Ring sections (segments)

7 Corridors

8 Covers

9 Bottom surface of the housing

10 The outer edge of the housing

11 Piston

12 paddle box

13 Dust extraction pipes

14 Loading necks

15 channels

16 Flow neck

17 Secondary crusher

18 Lift

19 Outlet channel

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A machine made in the context of the present invention operates according to the general process diagram described below.

The material from the quarry, which usually contains soil and coarse and hard stone material, is first crushed in a primary crusher and processed to remove foreign particles by a bypass system. Crushed material is conveyed into the screening unit by conveyors, sieved through it and classified by size. Ballast material with particle sizes of 25-70 mm is separated from the rest of the material in the screening unit and stored in open storage areas for subsequent use in the production of asphalt concrete. Another classified group of materials is conveyed by conveyors to open areas and used as high-quality filler material required for the production of asphalt concrete.

At the same time, ballast material stored in open areas before crushing to the required particle sizes is exposed to the harmful effects of storage in open places.

When using a machine made in the context of our present invention, the ballast material for the production of asphalt concrete stored in open areas is transferred to silos for cold skeletal material.

Ballast materials, cleaned of impurities, are crushed in a secondary crusher 17 and conveyors and closed vertical elevators 18 are fed directly to the screens located on the completed machine.

The crushing rotation of the secondary crusher 17, as well as the speed, flow rate and crushing size of the ballast material, can be adjusted depending on the level of particle size distribution required in the production of asphalt concrete. As a result, it is possible to obtain only a sufficient amount of skeletal material required for the production of asphalt concrete, with varying levels of particle size distribution throughout the entire production process.

The required and obtained quantities of skeletal material can be weighed in this machine, which eliminates the need for production planning to determine the exact required quantity for the production of asphalt concrete.

The skeletal material discharged from the secondary crusher 17 is conveyed by belt conveyors to a vertical elevator 18 having a closed structure, and then the skeletal material is sieved in proportion to the required degrees of fractional selection for the production of asphalt concrete by vibrating screens 3 located on the completed machine, and then classified. Vibrating screens 3, like the housing 2 and the lift 18, have a completely closed type design and are connected to a filter system to absorb the amount of dust created by crushing skeletal material.

Screens 3 are located in the upper part of the housing 2, where the skeletal material enters the housing 2, so that after sieving the skeletal material can freely fall down and fill the housing 2.

Skeletal material with the help of guide parts is sent to the respective annular sections in the housing for storage in accordance with the degrees of fractional selection.

There are several annular sections located inside and surrounding the storage case 2, designed for uniform storage of skeletal material of different fractions (for example, K1 (up to 4 mm), K2 (4-7 mm), K3 (7-12 mm), K4 ( 12-19 mm).) By dispersing it into sections.

As shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7, channels 15 and corridors 7 are made between the annular sections 6. The channels 15 and corridors 7 are located in the housing 2 and provide the flow of skeletal material in the direction of the discharge necks 4 without violating their homogeneity during flow. In addition, they can use the whole set of annular sections 6 in the form of a single section, when this becomes necessary, i.e., a requirement regarding the volume of skeletal material and the number of particle size distribution.

The base segment of the completed machine is given a conical design for free fall of the stacked and classified skeletal material to allow it to pass to the discharge necks 4.

Figures 3 and 4 show the proposed classification and storage sections. The sections contain one main body 2, in which skeletal material is laid, and a support element 1, which supports the body 2 and connects it to the ground. Some features of the invented machine, for example, the number of supporting elements 1 and storage sections 6, the capacity of the housing, the number of different particle size distributions and the means of access between sections 6, can be varied to meet the needs of the asphalt plant in skeletal

material, or changes to the real machine can be added subsequently.

Skeletal material is sieved by passing through screens 3 located in the upper part of the new closed system in order to classify by degrees of fractional selection.

Thus, the sifted and classified skeletal material is guided by the guiding parts 5, which direct the flow of skeletal material, into sections 6 arranged in a ring inside the body 2.

After that, the skeletal material enters the main body 2 through the loading necks 14, which are placed on the upper side of the body, and it is sent to section 6 as a result of free fall under the action of gravity, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 8.

Since the capacities of each storage sections are different, for the correct placement of the stacking of more than one selected fraction of a series of skeletal material in different quantities, the number of sections 6 that will be made in the housing 2 is determined so as to correspond to each fraction of the skeletal material. In addition, these corridors 7 and channels 15 between the storage sections provide balanced distribution and storage of skeletal material in the housing 2. In addition, the number of particle size distribution and storage containers can be changed by giving the storage sections a new shape so as to take into account the changes the required amount of skeletal material over time. Another advantage of the annular sections 6 in the housing 2 is that the entire housing is used to control the center of gravity.

In the context of the present invention, the housing 2 is made convenient for both operation and assembly of the invented machine.

Storage sections 6, made in an annular form, are symmetrically located in the housing 2, but, if necessary, the ring sections

more than one can be combined by performing horizontal corridors 7 and channels 15 to form a single storage section. This is shown in FIG. 6.

Skeletal material is freely unloaded from above and can enter the annular sections for storage 6 in the housing 2 by free fall. Channels 15 and corridors 7 between sections 6 branch out to ensure uniform distribution in sections 6. This is also shown in FIGS. 6 and 8. These channels 15 and corridors 7 allow material to flow from one section 6 to another at different levels. Accordingly, if the level of the material rises inside the hopper, the skeletal material moves freely between these channels 15 and corridors 7, thereby making it possible to maintain a stable level of material without violating its homogeneity. Heavy particles of skeletal material are kept from falling in the lower part.

Skeletal material, continuously sifted in the upper screens 3, fills sections 6, passing through channels 15 and corridors 7 and maintaining its filling level and homogeneous formation. If the skeletal material reaches the maximum level in the housing 2, the skeletal material above the maximum level is transferred to the secondary crusher 17 through the outlet channels 19, made separately for each section 6. When the skeletal material reaches the discharge neck 4, discharge covers 8 open under the weight of the skeletal material. allowing skeletal material to be uniformly and continuously discharged onto conveyors located under the casing 2 and intended for transferring it to the asphalt plant.

This machine works on the principle of a fully enclosed system with the classification, storage and continuous supply of skeletal material to an asphalt plant, and the dust generated in the processes described above is sucked and collected using a paddle box 12, as well as dust suction pipes 13. Blade box 12 is placed on a vibrating screen 3 and is designed to suck in dust generated in the screen 3 and the housing 2. This

the blade box 12 by pipelines for suctioning dust 13 is connected to the filter system. In this method, the dust cannot be released into the environment, but is collected without losing a large amount, and at the same time, the need for granular dust microparticles, also called filler material, is met in the production of asphalt concrete.

As shown in FIG. 9, the undersides of each storage section 6 were conical in shape, which allows the assembled skeletal material to flow freely down into the transport vehicle. Under each storage sections 6 there are unloading necks 4, calculated separately for each fraction of particle size distribution, such as K1 (up to 4 mm), K2 (4-7 mm), K3 (7-12 mm), K4 (12-19 mm).

For each fraction of particle size distribution, you can use more than one discharge neck 4 on more than one axis. The number of discharge necks 4 can be determined depending on the amount of skeletal material required for feeding into the asphalt plant. The shape and dimensions of the lower surfaces of the housing 2 are also determined depending on the number and size of the discharge necks 4.

The outer edges 10 of the body, having the shape of a cone, are connected to the bottom surface 9 of the body and the body 2 itself, neglecting the basic structure of the body when necessary.

As shown in Fig.9, the opening of the lids of the discharge necks 4 (the lumen that forms when the lid 8 is opened for unloading the skeletal material) of each storage section 6 relating to each fraction of the particle size distribution and located on the lower surface 9 of the casing in different axial directions , can be adjusted to unload the exact amount of skeletal material. The opening of the caps 8 of the discharge neck can be adjusted by hydraulic pistons 11, connected to the control system - mechanical or electronic, depending on the requirements.

As shown in Fig. 9, this can be done with the help of the discharge necks 4, duplicated on one axis, for supplying skeletal material to more than one asphalt plant, placed either parallel or in different directions on the axis AA and BB. It also allows more flexible use of production capacity.

For the continuous supply of skeletal material to an asphalt plant, the material can be unloaded through unloading necks 4, which pour material directly onto the conveyor unit, or the conveyor is made in suitable sizes to allow it to unload skeletal material into a transport vehicle placed under the casing 2. Conveyor height above the vehicle and the distance between the supports of the conveyor are selected respectively to provide direct loading of the transporting vehicle, which moves between conveyor supports.

Another objective of the present invention is the creation of a technological process for the classification and storage of skeletal material, comprising the following stages:

- the stage at which the ballast material is crushed in a secondary crusher 17;

- the stage at which controlled crushing is carried out, in which the consumption of skeletal material, flow rate, particle size distribution and the number of each granule with a metric composition is controlled by changing the rotation speed of the secondary crusher 17;

- the stage at which the skeletal material is transferred to a closed vertical lift 18, connected by pipes for suctioning dust 13 with a filter system for sucking dust;

- the stage at which the skeletal material in the vertical direction is lifted by a vertical elevator 18 into the screens of 3 machines;

- the stage at which the skeletal material is sifted with screens 3, which are closed by a paddle box 12 and connected by pipes for suctioning dust 13 with a filter system for dust suction;

- the stage at which the flow of skeletal material is directed inside the machine using the guiding parts, and the skeletal material is delivered to the storage section 6 in accordance with its particle size distribution;

- the stage at which skeletal material of the same size (particle size distribution) is stored in a completely closed system;

- the stage at which skeletal material of the same size (particle size distribution) is stored by changing (increasing or decreasing) its amount, if necessary;

- the stage at which dust particles formed after secondary crushing are sucked in and stored, preventing their release into the environment;

- the stage at which the laid material is unloaded directly or unloaded through the feeding system (pusher system) from the discharge necks 4 with manual or automatic control;

- a stage at which horizontal belt conveyors are placed, through which skeletal material can be transmitted along more than one axis under the machine;

- a stage in which several discharge necks 4 are placed on the same axis in order to ensure the supply of skeletal material by different conveyors to asphalt plants located in two or more different directions.

Claims (5)

1. Machine for the preparation, crushing, storage and supply of skeletal material for the production of asphalt concrete in plants, comprising a housing 2, a vibrating screen 3 located on the upper side of the housing 2, support elements 1 to support the housing 2, discharge necks 4 and discharge covers 8 for unloading the skeletal material from the casing 2 and supplying the skeletal material to conveyors placed under the casing 2 along several unloading axes, and the machine for preparing, storing and feeding the skeletal material is associated with a vertical lift nickname 18 for transferring the skeletal material from the secondary crusher 17 to a vibrating screen 3, characterized in that the housing 2 is a closed type construction, sections 6 are located in the housing 2 for storing skeletal material containing different levels of particle size distribution, corridors 17 and channels 15, designed for uniform distribution of the skeletal material in the housing 2, the outlet channels 19, located separately for each section 6, which transmit the skeletal material above the maximum level in pus crusher secondary crusher 17. 2. The machine for the preparation, storage and supply of skeletal material according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical lift 18 is connected by a pipe for suctioning dust 13 with a filter system for suctioning the volume of dust of the lift. 3. The machine for the preparation, storage and supply of skeletal material according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibrating screen 3 is connected by pipelines for suctioning dust 13 with a filter system for suctioning the volume of dust of the screen. 4. The machine for the preparation, storage and supply of skeletal material according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade box 12 is placed on a vibrating screen 3 for suction of dust arising in the screen 3 and the housing 2, while the blade box 12 by piping for dust intake 13 connected to the filter system. 5. The machine for the preparation, storage and supply of skeletal material according to claim 1, characterized in that there are horizontal corridors 7 and channels 15 are made so that these sections 6 are combined to form one section for storage.