RU58843U1 - Corn Harvesting Machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The device relates to agricultural machinery, namely to machines for harvesting corn on the cob

Corn harvesting machine is designed for harvesting full grain corn and the beginning of full ripeness in order to improve the quality of the collection of ears. The machine mounted on the basis of a combine harvester contains a brook corn attachment, a tray, a device for cleaning a pile of ears and its transportation, a belt unloading conveyor, a propulsion system, drive mechanisms, a ballast container. The cleaner is a conveyor of cobs of a screw-roller type with four pairs of active rollers. To increase the separation efficiency, the screw rollers in each pair, having the same rotation frequency and winding pitch, are made with a finely grooved surface. The implementation of the claimed model will improve the quality of the collection of ears, more efficient use of the trailer capacity, reduce losses and abandon the additional operation to clean the heap of ears.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, namely to machines for harvesting corn cobs.

Known corn harvesters based on combine harvesters SK-5 with corn harvesting attachments PPK-4 [1]. The prefixes of the brook type have picker-strepper cobs and strippers of the stripping type. It has been established that under ordinary operating conditions when moving along rows of corn, these devices separate the cobs from the stems (98.5%), partially clear them from the leaves of the wrapper (up to 30 ... 40%) and partially separate the apical part of the stem (above the attachment of the cob ) (12 ... 17%). Clogged with leafy mass and impurities, a pile of ears comes to the conveyor belt and is carried out in the rear trailer [1]. The heap of ears arriving at a mechanized point or current must be cleaned using special cleaners of a roller (heskern) type or using loaders of auger type cleaners. Such an additional

the operation leads to an increase in crushing of cobs, damage to grain, as well as to additional costs of labor and funds.

To reduce the mass of stems entering the fragmentation apparatus of the brook attachment, in order to improve the quality of the machine, a method of harvesting corn was developed [2], based on decapitation - removing the apical part of the stems with additional cutting devices. Cantilevered on the side of the machine at a height exceeding the area of attachment of the cob, the cutting apparatus will not provide a high-quality cut of the apical part of the plant due to machine vibrations, oscillations of the cutting apparatus itself (its width is commensurate with the width of the machine's grip), uneven arrangement of ears on height, plant bedding and other factors. Such a device will partially cut the stalks with the cobs or cut the cobs themselves, which will lead to irreparable losses.

Known maize harvesting machine [3], designed to effectively separate impurities from ears of heaps. The essence of the development is that the picker-strepper cob-separating device is of a combined type; consists of a lower conical - cylindrical part with longitudinal ribs and an upper - cylindrical part provided with helical blades - for separating impurities. Such a device will not give proper cleaning of the heap of ears, since helical blades in length make up about one fourth of the length of the piker rollers, which is clearly not enough to clean a complex heap; in addition, the clamping device in the form of a flat spring will not be able to miss a pile of ears, which will lead to clogging of the channel and the entire machine to stop.

The technical task is to improve the quality of the maize harvesting machine by effectively cleaning the heap of ears.

This goal is achieved in that the corn harvesting machine (figure 1), mounted on the basis of a combine harvester, contains

corn prefix 1, tray (ramp board) 2, device for cleaning and transporting ears 3, belt conveyor 6, propulsion unit 5, conveyor drives 7 and cleaner 4, ballast container 8.

The proposed device for cleaning a pile and transporting cobs of auger type with four active pairs of rollers, the rotation frequency and pitch of the turns of the rollers of each pair are the same: (figure 2); its location in the car is oblique - longitudinal; The main parameters of the device are justified on the basis of biometric data of grain corn and the principles of separation of agricultural objects on screw cleaners. Screw-roller pairs of the device due to the finely grooved surface of the cylinders (Fig. 2) capture the apical parts of the stems, panicles, leaves of the stems, leaves of the wrapping ears, impurities, stretching this leaf-stem mass and dropping it onto the field stubble to mulch the soil. Screw windings facilitate axial movement of ears on streams. The screw-roller cleaner will also slightly increase the degree of cleaning of the cobs from the leaves of the wrapper (for example, up to 50 ... 60%). In addition, the proposed device will separate part of the cobs from the stems, and perform the function of a stalk trap.

Corn harvesting machine operates as follows. When the machine moves along the field along the rows, the brook attachment 1 (Fig. 1) separates the cobs from the stalks with the help of stripper plates, feeds the heap of ears to the tray 2 from which it enters the screw-roller conveyor - cleaner 3, which separates the heaps of ears from isolating leaf-stem mass and impurities and dumping them on the field in order to mulch the soil. The cleaned cobs from the device 3 go to the belt unloading conveyor 6 and to the body of the trailer 9. The stalks rolled and deformed by piker rollers are cut, chopped and scattered across the field as mulch - fertilizer.

The declared corn harvesting machine differs from the prototype [1] by the presence of an active screw-roller type device for cleaning and transporting a pile of ears, which fits compactly into the technological scheme of the machine. The proposed device allows more efficient use of the trailer capacity, to reduce the loss of ears, to abandon the additional operation to clean the heap of ears and, thus, accelerate all subsequent operations and to improve the quality of cleaning the heap of ears. The proposed design provides a technical result.

Literature

1. Agronomical notebook. The cultivation of silage corn by grain technology and the production of forage from ears. / Under. ed. N.A. Pospelova. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1985 .-- 95 p., Ill.

2. Patent for an invention. RU 2206198 A 01 D 91/04, 45/02. A method of harvesting corn.

3. AC No. 884609 A 01 D 45/02. Corn harvesting machine.

Claims (2)

1. Corn harvester mounted on the basis of a combine harvester, containing a hook attachment, a tray, an unloading conveyor, a propulsion system, drive mechanisms, a ballast container, characterized in that it is equipped with a screw-roller type device installed between the tray and the unloading conveyor, with four pairs of active rollers for cleaning from leaf-stem mass and impurities of a heap of ears and its transportation. 2. Corn harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the screw rollers of each active pair having the same rotation frequency and winding pitch are made with a finely grooved surface.