RU51612U1 - DEVICE FOR PRODUCING BY THE METHOD OF WALL-CRYSTALLIZATION OF HIGH-QUALITY DRINKING WATER WITH A REDUCED CONCENTRATION OF DISSOLVED SALTS AND IMPROVED STRUCTURE OF WATER ENRICHED WITH OXYGEN OXYGEN - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: treatment facilities, to obtain high-quality drinking water with a reduced content of salts dissolved in it, with an improved structure of oxygen-enriched water, obtained from both ordinary tap and natural water. The inventive tank 1 loads through the inlet pipe 4 with water filtered from lime by the mechanical cleaning unit 5. The tank 1 is surrounded on the outside by a coil 7 from the refrigeration unit. After the formation of a sufficient layer of near-wall pure ice on the inner surface of the tank 1, the refrigeration unit is turned off and the resulting brine from the central part of the tank 1 is drained through the outlet pipe 3. After the brine has been drained, the valve 3 is closed and the fleas of the heating unit 8 for melting the near-wall pure ice are turned on.

Description

The invention relates to wastewater treatment plants and can be used both for mass industrial (in large volumes) and domestic (in small volumes) production of high-quality drinking water with a reduced content of salts dissolved in it, with an improved structure of oxygen-enriched water, obtained as from ordinary tap and natural water. Due to the simplicity and reliability of the developed technology, the corresponding process in the proposed device for producing high-quality drinking water can be fully automated.

In connection with the mass urbanization and industrialization of large regions of Russia and the planet as a whole, there is a significant pollution of natural waters as suspensions (microparticles), and an excessive content of salts dissolved in water. Therefore, there is an acute environmental problem of the quality of water used for water supply to the population, as well as a serious technological problem of mass purification of water for domestic needs, especially for use in food.

Reliable, simple and cheap installations for mechanical purification (filtering) of water from suspensions (as very

complex industrial, as well as simple household), made on the basis of various paper, cloth, non-woven and fine-fiber, foam, glass, carbon, ceramic and other types of filters for mechanical water purification, which, when passing water through them, sharply reduce the content of suspensions in the water. Therefore, at the first stage of water treatment, it is always first necessary to filter the water from suspensions.

Reducing the concentration or removal of salts dissolved in water is a much more difficult technical task, and therefore its simple and cheap solution has not yet been obtained, but the proposed device allows to solve this problem.

Known devices for producing purified water from salts by distillation method (distillers), consisting of an evaporation chamber with boiling water and a coil in which steam is supplied; on the inner walls of the coil, water is distilled from steam to water by condensation (see Prostakov NS, “Lectures in Chemistry,” Publishing House of Peoples' Friendship University named after P. Lumumba, M., 1969, pp. 36-37). The disadvantages of this well-known solution are:

- significant energy consumption of the installation, associated with a very large heat capacity of the water and the need to heat it to a boil, which, accordingly, significantly increases the cost of the obtained distillate;

- increased danger of operation due to the presence of boiling water and heated steam under pressure, which requires constant and qualified monitoring of the installation and eliminates its mass domestic use;

- the resulting distillate is a modification of water that is hazardous to human health when it is directly

consumption, it does not have dissolved oxygen and therefore needs special water treatment (structuring and enrichment with oxygen) prior to its use in food, which is difficult both in domestic conditions and for large volumes of water.

The method of partial removal of salts from water by boiling is widely known, as a result of which individual salts may partially precipitate in the form of scale, but the overall decrease in salt content in water will be insignificant, and therefore the method of boiling does not give a noticeable result for the set tasks, and after boiling, the water changes its structure and loses the oxygen dissolved in it.

The method of “softening” water from basic salts to reduce scale, used in heat and power facilities, requires, on the one hand, a rather complicated chemical process of water treatment, and on the other hand, “leaves” the introduced sodium salts of sulfuric and hydrochloric acids in water; it is clear that such “softened” industrial water is not only unsuitable for consumption in food, but simply life-threatening (see ibid., p. 38).

In the literature (see ibid., P. 35), a technical solution is mentioned - partial “desalination” of sea water, i.e. removal of some salts by freezing at a negative ambient temperature in a certain tank (or tank) until a small amount of floating water crystals appears near the surface of the water. These ice crystals, which have a slightly lower salinity than the original seawater, should then be separated from the mass of water by draining from the tank through a fine mesh (or material) and then melted for use in

quality of drinking water. However, this technical solution, although it is the closest and only analogue to the proposed installation, cannot fundamentally give satisfactory results and it is not practical to create technological installations on its basis for several main reasons, which are the main disadvantages of this technical solution:

- freezing the volume of natural salt water without purification from suspensions leads to a chaotic growth of water crystals in the volume around the suspensions - crystallization centers and therefore will lead to the appearance of “frozen” sections of salt water inside the growing ice and, consequently, to poor salt removal efficiency;

- the procedure used to separate chaotically located crystals from salt water washing them is unreliable and low-tech, because due to wettability, a large enough quantity (by volume) is preserved on the surface of the mass of numerous small crystals separated from the water (close in state to “snow porridge”) from ice mass) of salt water that cannot be separated from water crystals and which, when melted, will go into a solution of “desalinated” water;

- centers of crystallization (suspension) remain in the volume as impurities and pass after melting into “desalinated” water;

- the resulting negligibly small volume of crystals compared to the original used large volume of water makes not only irrational, but also impossible to mass application of this technical solution, since this will require the use of an extremely large initial

the amount of water to obtain a small volume of ice crystals (less than 1% of the total volume of water used).

Therefore, such an imperfect technical solution is unsuitable and cannot be used to create the technology and the corresponding devices for mass drinking water supply, since it cannot give satisfactory results for water purification from salts and only slightly reduces the salinity of the source water and is not technologically advanced. However, it is obvious that such a technical solution for “desalination” of water is well applicable only for the relevant critical situations with drinking water supply on marine vessels (in appropriate cold weather), when there are no sources of water other than marine.

Installations for the removal of salts dissolved in water using ion exchangers, anion exchangers and the electrodialysis process are also known (see ibid., Pp. 35-36). But these plants have a high level of complexity, are bulky, require constant special and highly qualified maintenance, as well as the use of a number of special (including hazardous to humans) chemicals, have a high cost and energy consumption, and are designed to clean only small volumes of water, which leads to a very high cost obtained by these methods purified from salts of water. All this completely excludes the use of appropriate installations for mass (especially domestic) use and the production of salt-free water for drinking water supply.

And most importantly, the water obtained by a number of these methods (distillation, salt removal using ion exchangers, anion exchangers and the process of electrodialysis, etc.) has a structure (modification) that is unfavorable to human health and has a sharply reduced

the content (or not at all) of oxygen dissolved in water, which is essential for a number of very important physiological processes in the body (see Batmangkhelidzh F. “Water for Health” translated from English by OG Belosheev. Publ. LLC “Popurri” Minsk, 2004, p. 48 and p. 51). In this regard, in addition to solving the problem of reducing the concentration of salts dissolved in water, to obtain high-quality drinking water, it is necessary to perform not only structuring (changing the structure) of water that is favorable for humans, but also significantly enriching it with oxygen.

The problem solved by this invention is to create a fundamentally new device designed to produce high-quality drinking water with low salt content, which is in favorable for human health and enriched with oxygen. This new device will have the following significant advantages over others:

- reduced energy intensity and, accordingly, a significantly reduced cost of the water purified from salts;

- a simplified flow chart and simplicity of the device, which allows operating without constant special and highly qualified maintenance (which also reduces the cost of water purified from salts);

- high operational safety, which is very important for the possibility of mass domestic use;

- the resulting high-quality drinking water with a reduced content of salts dissolved in it will be in the “ice water” modification - this water structure is very beneficial for human health and enriched with dissolved

water with oxygen, so necessary for the normal functioning of many internal organs;

- It allows almost complete automation of the process of obtaining high-purity drinking water purified from salts, structured and enriched with oxygen, which makes the process practically autonomous.

The solution to this problem is provided by the proposed device for producing high-quality drinking water with a reduced concentration of dissolved salts and an improved oxygen-rich water structure consisting of a vertically arranged cylindrical metal sealed water tank with a cold coil without contact with the tank the unit and blocks of the heating installation, closed outside both the heat-shielding and the external by the slugs, the tank in the upper part is equipped with an inlet pipe for water exiting the mechanical water treatment unit, and in the lower part of the tank there is a removable sealed lid with an outlet pipe mounted in it with a valve and a water flow switch.

Schematic diagram of the device shown in Fig.1.

The main part of the device is a thick-walled (able to withstand the high pressure of ice freezing from the inside) and a strictly cylindrical, vertically located tank 1 with smooth (polished) internal walls made of metal not corroded (preferably made of steel). In the lower part of the tank 1 is equipped with a sealed cover 2, in which a pipe 3 is mounted to drain the water from the tank 1, equipped with a valve and a water flow switch in two different pipes. Position

the switch of the water flow when draining through the pipe 3 is set depending on the phase of operation of the device (draining either brine, or purified from salts and structured water).

An inlet pipe for water 4 is mounted in the upper part of the tank 1, which, in turn, exits from the block of mechanical water purification from suspensions 5, which has an inlet valve 6 connected externally to the water supply system for pressurized water (arrows at the pipes in Fig. 1 show the direction of water flow).

The tank 1 on the outside is surrounded by a coil 7 from the refrigeration unit, filled with refrigerant; the coil is mounted completely non-contact with the surface of the tank 1. The inlet and outlet tubes of the coil 7 are displayed on the outside of the unit and connected to the compressor of the refrigeration unit (arrows indicate the movement of the refrigerant).

Outside of the coil 7, the blocks of the heating unit 8 are mounted, but without contact with the tank 1 and the coil 7.

Small fans 10 are installed in the space between the outer wall of the tank 1 and the heat-insulating shell 9, the air circulation flow from which along the outer walls of the tank 1 provides the necessary conditions for uniform cooling and heating (depending on the stage of the process) of the outer walls of the tank 1. The whole installation closed outside with a layer of thermal protection enclosed in a strong external mechanical shell 9 (similar to a refrigerator).

The device operates as follows.

When the tank 1 is filled with filtered water from suspensions during operation of the refrigeration unit on the inner walls of tank 1 under these special, artificially created conditions - in the absence of cores

crystallization (suspensions) in the bulk of the solution and in the presence of the inner wall of the tank 1 cooled below 0 ° C, an artificial process of near-wall (layer-by-layer) water crystallization occurs; In this case, the inner surface of the tank 1 wall itself directly serves as crystallization nuclei. As a result of such an artificially created process, a gradually growing and ordered layer (ring) of near-wall and free of salts (perfectly transparent and fragile) ice is formed on the inner wall of the tank 1. The salts contained in the water are pushed out by an increasing layer of crystals from the wall of the tank 1 to its central part, where an increase in the concentration of salts begins in the water (“brine” accumulates). This type of process cannot be observed under natural (natural) conditions.

The processes under consideration have some features that must be strictly taken into account in the practical implementation of the device and for the constant use of the corresponding plants for the production of drinking water with a reduced concentration of salts dissolved in it and with an improved structure of water enriched with oxygen. They are as follows.

a) The process of gradual layer-by-layer growth of near-wall salt-free transparent ice and the accumulation of brine in the central part of tank 1 initially takes place in a normal way for some time. But in the future, upon reaching a certain relatively small thickness of the pure ice layer and negative values of its temperature, as well as reaching a certain low temperature and salt concentration in the brine, the process of rapid and random formation of contaminated (frosted and very strong) ice in the brine mass begins. This process goes at a lower

temperature and with significant internal pressure arising in the brine, which increases due to the lower density (and greater volume than water) of pure ice growing on the walls of the tank. In this case, the “long” white “needles” of contaminated ice arising in the brine from the central part of the tank under high pressure begin to pierce clean, unstable and transparent wall ice, which will be completely corrupted by these inclusions containing a large amount of salts.

b) If frosted and durable contaminated (with salts) ice has already formed in the center of tank 1, then it is firmly compressed with clean parietal ice (there has been a complete “freezing” of water in the tank) and then the process of obtaining parietal ice free from salts will be disturbed (disrupted ) due to the fact that the volume of tank 1 is completely frozen out and further separation of the layer of pure ice from ice contaminated with salts becomes impossible. Therefore, the entire installation should work according to the principle: “it is better to freeze than to freeze” and, accordingly, adjusted so that the refrigeration unit works only until a sufficient layer of transparent and clear ice is formed while maintaining liquid brine in the central part of the tank, but never freezes until the formation of frosted and durable ice contaminated with salts. This principle of "freezing" can be easily technically implemented either by means of a timer and experimental selection of the freezing time, or by using special electronic sensors that control the thickness of the wall ice formed.

c) Conducted numerous and many years of laboratory experiments have shown that the amount received parietal

freezing water with a low salt content cannot exceed 45% of the total tank. When trying to get more salt-free water, the process of quick and avalanche-like crystallization of the brine begins, and therefore, in order to completely insure yourself against starting this brine freezing process, you should be guided in advance to obtain the maximum volume of water with a reduced salt concentration of not more than 40 % of the total tank.

d) The power of the refrigeration unit used in this device should be minimized so that the process of wall crystallization occurs as slowly as possible. If the capacity of the refrigeration unit is excessive and, as a result, the temperature of the tank walls is too low and, accordingly, the freezing process is too fast, the process of contact and rapid formation of frosted salt contaminated ice directly on the inner walls of the tank can immediately begin from the very beginning of the operation of the refrigeration unit, and therefore it is “calm” the process of layer-by-layer wall crystallization to obtain ice free of salts will become impossible.

e) The limiting time of the freezing process to achieve the optimum state of the ice-brine ratio in the tank volume (“not frozen” or “not frozen”) depends on a number of factors: tank volume, temperature and salinity of the source tap water, capacity of the refrigeration unit, and ambient temperature , initial pressure in the tank, etc. Therefore, the limiting time of the freezing process should be determined experimentally; at the same time for reliability and “not achievement”

states of complete freezing should always be set in advance a definitely shorter freezing time than the calculated limit.

The unit operates cyclically with a sequential alternation of the following technological processes.

1. Loading the tank 1 through the inlet pipe 4 with water filtered from suspensions by the mechanical cleaning unit 5. Water enters the block 5 through the valve 6 under external pressure from the water supply system, or from a natural water compressor taken from a natural source (well, river, lake etc.). Fans 10 must be constantly on during all processes.

2. Turning on the unit of the refrigeration unit and operating it until a sufficient layer of near-wall clean ice is formed on the inner surface of the tank (not allowing the brine mass to freeze).

3. Turning off the refrigeration unit and draining the brine from the central part of the tank 1 through the outlet pipe 3, a valve and a switch to a drain or drain (or into a tank for untreated water, used, for example, for technical needs).

4. After draining the brine, the valve 3 is closed and the heating unit 8 is turned on to start the melting of the near-wall clean ice. At the same time, depending on the need to obtain either water or not melted ice with a low salt content, there are two possible technologies for further actions, starting with paragraph 5 of the next operation cycle of the installation (see Table 1.).

Table 1 Options for obtaining water (Option 1) or ice (Option 2), with a low salt content (starting with paragraph 5 of the cycle). Option 1 Option 2 Low salt water production Making ice with low salt content 5. The heating unit 8 operates until all pure wall ice is melted. 5. The bottom cover is opened and retracted to the side 2. A container (having the size of a tank) for receiving ice from the tank is brought under the tank from below. 6. Drain the water with a low salt content into the tank for purified water through the drain pipe valve 3 and with the corresponding position of the water flow switch. 6. The heating unit 8 is turned on for a short period to “thaw” the ice from the walls of the tank until the ice comes out under the influence of weight in the tank. 7. The outlet pipe 3 is closed by a valve. 7. The cover 2 is hermetically closed and the outlet pipe 3 is closed by a valve. 8. Clause 1 is performed to start the next cycle (loading tank 1). 8. Perform step 1 to start the next cycle (download).

To check the quality of water purification from salts by the method of near-wall crystallization, when this technology for producing purified water from salts was fully developed, a detailed analysis of two water samples (before and after purification) was performed at the ROSA Analytical Center for Water Quality in Moscow, the purpose of evaluating the results of water purification from salts using wall crystallization. Both samples for analysis (before and after cleaning) were taken on the same day, and then in hermetically sealed and pre-cleaned large 2-liter containers were submitted for analysis to the ROSA Center. The results of chemical analysis of water samples were issued in the form of two official documents:

- water sample before treatment: Protocol No. 1251 of 10/01/2004;

- water sample after purification: Protocol No. 1252 of 10/01/2004

With the permission of the ROSA Center, copies of these Protocols are provided below in the form of photocopies in Table. 2 and 3.

table 2 The results of a chemical analysis of a sample of untreated tap water (copy of Protocol No. 1251 of October 1, 2004 of the ROSA Center was performed with permission of the ROSA * Center) *** Page 1/1 *** THE CONTROL Analytical Center for Water Quality Control CJSC "ROSA" (119297, Moscow, st. Rodnikovaya, 7, p. 35) Accreditation certificate No. ROSS RU. 0001.510078 Analysis Protocol No. 1251 Sampling date 09/21/2004 START DATE 09/22/2004 DATE OF ANALYSIS 10/01/2004 TYPE OF ANALYSIS Additional AN OBJECT Address of the object CUSTOMER Private person - Glazunov V.G. PLACE OF SAMPLING Untreated tap water (source) Sampling conditions WHERE is reset SAMPLE (sample matrix) drinking water RESPONSIBLE FOR SELECTION will submit. order Note 1 The sample was delivered in the dishes of the customer 09/22/04. Note 2 Note 3  LIST of parameters: DRINKING WATER Sample parameter VALUE UNIT meas. NORMATIVE from NORMATIVE TO at Bromides <0.05 mg / l 0 0.2 at Silicon 6.6 mg / l Si 0 10 at M: Barium 0.11 mg / l 0 0.1 at M: Bor <0.04 mg / l 0 0.5 at M: Iron 0.89 mg / l 0 0.3 at M: Potassium 2.7 mg / l - - at M: Calcium 110 mg / l - - at M: Lithium 0.013 mg / l 0 0.03 at M: Magnesium 22 mg / l - - at M: Manganese 0.07 mg / l 0 0.1 at M: Sodium 24 mg / l 0 200 at M: Strontium 0.85 mg / l 0 7 at Nitrates 2.64 mg / l NO3 0 45 at Sulphates 129 mg / l SO4 0 500 at Phosphates 0.064 mg / l PO4 0 3.5 at Fluorides 0.31 mg / l 0 1.5 at Chlorides 62.3 mg / l 0 350 at Electro-pr 852 μS / cm - - Head of the Department of Phys.-Chem. analysis methods Kutseva N.K. The results presented in the protocol apply only to the samples studied. Partial reprinting of the document without the permission of the laboratory is prohibited! *) Note. On the recommendation of the ROSA Center, the address of the sampling was withdrawn.

Table 3 The results of chemical analysis of a sample of water purified by the method of wall crystallization (copy of Protocol No. 1252 of October 1, 2004 of the ROSA Center was performed with permission of the ROSA * Center) *** Page 1/1 *** THE CONTROL Analytical Center for Water Quality Control CJSC "ROSA" (119297, Moscow, st. Rodnikovaya, 7, p. 35) Accreditation certificate No. ROSS RU. 0001.510078 Analysis Protocol No. 1251 Sampling date 09/21/2004 START DATE 09/22/2004 DATE OF ANALYSIS 10/01/2004 TYPE OF ANALYSIS Additional AN OBJECT Address of the object CUSTOMER Private person - Glazunov V.G. PLACE OF SAMPLING Tap water after cleaning Sampling conditions WHERE is reset SAMPLE (sample matrix) drinking water RESPONSIBLE FOR SELECTION will submit. order Note 1 The sample was delivered in the dishes of the customer 09/22/04. Note 2 Note 3 LIST of parameters: DRINKING WATER Sample parameter VALUE UNIT meas. NORMATIVE from NORMATIVE TO at Bromides <0.05 mg / l 0 0.2 at Silicon 0.16 mg / l Si 0 10 at M: Barium <0.01 mg / l 0 0.1 at M: Bor <0.04 mg / l 0 0.5 at M: Iron 0.11 mg / l 0 0.3 at M: Potassium <1 mg / l - - at M: Calcium 9.1 mg / l - - at M: Lithium 0.001 mg / l 0 0.03 at M: Magnesium 1.4 mg / l - - at M: Manganese 0.0058 mg / l 0 0.1 at M: Sodium <1 mg / l 0 200 at M: Strontium 0.042 mg / l 0 7 at Nitrates 0.11 mg / l NO3 0 45 at Sulphates 9.26 mg / l SO4 0 500 at Phosphates 0.027 mg / l PO4 0 3.5 at Fluorides <0.16 mg / l 0 1.5 at Chlorides 2.64 mg / l 0 350 at Electro-pr 60 μS / cm - - Head of the Department of Phys.-Chem. analysis methods Kutseva N.K. The results presented in the protocol apply only to the samples studied. Partial reprinting of the document without the permission of the laboratory is prohibited! *) Note. On the recommendation of the ROSA Center, the address of the sampling was withdrawn.

An analysis of the above protocols showed that the result of applying this purification method is a sharp decrease in the content of all salts dissolved in water (for most of them - no less than an order of magnitude). Changes in the parameters as a result of cleaning are presented in Table 4.

Table 4 The ratio of the content of various salts found in the samples before and after water purification by the method of wall crystallization (not included: Bromides and Boron, not detected in the sample before purification). Sample Parameters The decrease in the content of the parameter after cleaning (in number of times) Silicon 41.25 Barium 11.00 Lithium 13.00 ^*) Magnesium 15.71 Manganese 12.07 Sodium 24.00 Strontium 20.24 Nitrates 24.00 Sulphates 13.93 Phosphates 2,37 Fluorides 1.98 ^*) Chlorides 23.60 Electrical conductivity 14.20 ^*) Note. This value in the table should be understood as “no less than” due to limitations in the accuracy of determining this parameter in the sample of purified water.

Data Tab. 4 prove that as a result of water purification using this technical solution - the process of wall crystallization, a very sharp decrease in the content of all salts dissolved in water occurred: from 1.98 to 41.25 times (on average for all salts by 15 times!), And for the two main parameters of water hardness - calcium and magnesium on average 13.9 times, in connection with which, accordingly, the conductivity of water decreased by more than 14 times! At first it was even hard to expect such a significant result - using this method, perfectly pure, structured and oxygen-enriched (e.g., glacial) water was obtained, which is found in nature only in high mountain rivers or streams flowing from snow and glaciers located above the snow line. It is important to note that the quality of water obtained during the process of wall crystallization in terms of salt content turned out to be much higher (less dissolved salts) than in the recommended Standards “from and to” in terms of their content in water (see two extreme right columns in Tables 2 and 3 )

Thus, the invention provides for obtaining perfectly pure and high-quality drinking water (or, if required, ice) by the method of wall crystallization, with a reduced salt concentration, which has a human-friendly water structure and is enriched with oxygen. The proposed installation has technological simplicity and reliability, safety in operation during its constant and long-term use, high-tech, does not require constant highly qualified service, energy-efficient and can be implemented on the basis of modern electronic equipment in a fully automated and, accordingly, stand-alone version for mass use.

Claims (1)

A device for producing high-quality drinking water with a reduced concentration of dissolved salts and an improved oxygen-rich water structure by near-wall crystallization, consisting of a vertically arranged cylindrical metal hermetic water tank, the coil of the refrigeration unit and heating unit blocks are installed on the outside sides of the tank without contact with the tank closed on the outside by both heat-shielding and outer shells, the tank in the upper part is equipped with an inlet pipe for rows exiting the unit mechanical treatment, and the bottom of the tank is removable sealed cover with mounted therein an output pipe with valve and water flow switch.