RU40093U1 - SOLID FUEL COMBUSTION DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for burning solid fuel containing a hopper, boiler, a furnace with mechanical fuel supply and ash removal, characterized in that the hopper, boiler, a furnace with mechanical fuel supply and ash removal are installed at the same level, while the furnace from the hopper is separated by a cooling screen with circulating water, the mechanical fuel supply includes a hydraulic cylinder that provides reciprocating movement of the rod, equipped with ejectors for supplying fuel from the hopper to the boiler, and cooling strips for removing slag, made in the form of coaxially arranged pipes of the type ″ pipe in pipe ″ for water circulation, the furnace has a horizontal surface made of pipes connected by perforated corners with holes to provide directional air supply to the furnace, while the distance between the holes and their shape ensure the intersection of air flows coming from adjacent holes, the mechanical ash removal device includes a cooled box, inside of which, with the help of a hydraulic cylinder, it makes reciprocating movements a cooled rod with cooled ejectors between the cutting teeth for crushing slag, while the rod is made in the form of coaxially arranged pipes of the type ″ pipe in pipe ″ for water circulation. 2. A device for burning solid fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the reciprocating movement of the mechanical fuel supply provides a hydraulic actuator with a range of motion from 100 to 200 mm. A device for burning solid fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the rod for removing slag is connected via hydraulic eyes with a hydraulic actuator. Y

Description

The utility model relates to the field of industrial heat power engineering, namely to boilers with mechanical furnaces for burning solid fuel. Similar fireboxes are used in boilers of small and medium power.

A firebox device is known (see V.I. Bratenkov et al. Heat supply of small settlements. M. Stroyizdat. 1988. p.148) with a screwing bar that provides mechanized fuel supply to the bed on a fixed grate and layer shurovka. In a furnace with a screwing bar, all operations of the furnace process are carried out using one mechanism.

The shuruyushchy plank, driven by an electric motor through a gearbox and a drive mechanism, performs a reciprocating motion along the stationary grates.

During the forward movement, the fuel from the hopper is captured by a screwing bar, moves along the stationary grates, is fed under the burning layer and mixed with burning pieces - in this case, the fuel layer is lined. In the extreme position of the slag, the slag is dumped into the ash box. The length of the cycle of movement of the bar is determined by the types of fuel, the heat load of the furnace and the length of the grate. Ensuring the optimal parameters of these processes is achieved by selecting the profile of the screwing strap.

Sintering fossil fuels, brown coals with a moisture content of up to 30% can be burned in a furnace with a screwing bar. The operational coefficient of excess air in the furnace α = 1.5-1.6, losses from chemical underburning

1.5–2.0%, losses from mechanical incompleteness of combustion of brown coals are 6–10%, and fossil 6–8%.

The disadvantages of a firebox with a screwing bar are.

The burning of solid fuels related to anthracites and semi-anthracites leads to failure of the mechanisms due to high temperatures in the layer.

Other types of solid fuel (wood bark, wood chips, industrial and household waste, lump and milled peat) related to low-calorie can not be used for a fire chamber with a shura.

The drive mechanism of the screwing bar with an electric motor through the gearbox is bulky, difficult to operate and repair, and it cannot be used to drive on several types of equipment.

The furnace is very sensitive to the size of the pieces of fuel and the content of small things in it. The maximum size of the pieces is 50 mm, the fines content from 0 to 6 mm should not exceed 30%. An increase in the size of the pieces leads to a significant increase in chemical and especially mechanical underburning.

The screwing bar and its drive operate under intense temperature conditions and do not provide reliable runtime.

In a furnace with a screwing bar, it is impossible to achieve a more active and even burning of fuel and a decrease in fuel entrainment, to increase power to 3.0 MW with an ash content of 30%

In a furnace with a screwing bar, the problem of the formation of sintering slags and their removal has not been solved. As practice shows, a furnace with a screwing bar requires frequent manual intervention, such as breaking and pushing sintered pieces of slag into ash removal and manual cleaning of the furnace.

It is difficult to mechanize a furnace with a screwing bar and provide automatic regulation of fuel supply and slag removal.

Good performance characteristics cannot be achieved in a furnace with a screwing bar, for example, the coefficient of excess air in the furnace α = 1.1-1.2, losses from chemical underburning not more than 1.0%, losses from mechanical incompleteness of combustion of brown coals are 6-10 %, and coal 6-8%.

A device is known according to the application WO 99/30082 (PCT / NO98 / 00332, 04/04/98, Norwegian, 19974397, 11/25/97, 06/17/1999, F 23 H 15/00, Rosvold Helge NO / NO).

A solid fuel boiler with a fixed grate and two planks with pushers made parallel to each other and capable of moving back and forth along the grate independently of each other. Combustion air is supplied through slots in a fixed grid. The boiler is designed to burn different types of low-calorie fuel.

Its disadvantages are a complex device, since two pushers work, which cannot provide operation at high temperatures, are not suitable for burning high-calorie coals, since cooling is not provided. The openings on the grill cannot provide air for uniform combustion of fuel over the entire surface of the combustion mirror.

The closest adopted for the prototype is a firebox with a screwing bar.

A known object cannot be applied due to deficiencies. The burning of solid fuels related to anthracites and semi-anthracites leads to failure of the mechanisms due to high temperatures in the layer.

Other types of solid fuel (wood bark, wood chips, industrial and household waste, lump and milled peat) related to low-calorie can not be used for a fire chamber with a shura.

The drive mechanism of the screwing bar with an electric motor through the gearbox is bulky, difficult to operate and repair, and cannot be used to drive on several types of equipment.

The firebox is very sensitive to the size of the pieces and the content of the little things. The maximum size of the pieces is 50 mm, the fines content from 0 to 6 mm should not exceed 30%. An increase in the size of the pieces leads to a significant increase in chemical and especially mechanical underburning.

The screwing bar and its drive operate under intense temperature conditions and do not provide reliable runtime.

In a furnace with a screwing bar, it is impossible to achieve more active combustion and uniform combustion of fuel and a decrease in fuel entrainment, to increase power to 3.0 MW with an ash content of 30%

In a furnace with a screwing bar, the problem of the formation of sintering slags and their removal has not been solved. As practice shows, a furnace with a screwing bar requires frequent manual intervention, such as breaking and pushing sintered pieces into slag removal and cleaning the furnace by hand.

It is difficult to mechanize a furnace with a screwing bar and provide automatic regulation of fuel supply and slag removal.

Good performance characteristics cannot be achieved in a furnace with a screwing bar, for example, the coefficient of excess air in the furnace α = 1.1-1.2, losses from chemical underburning not more than 1.0%, losses from mechanical incompleteness of combustion of brown coals are 6-10 %, and coal 6-8%.

The tasks to which the utility model "Device for the combustion of solid fuels" is directed are:

improving the operational characteristics of the device and achieving power up to 3.0 MW with an ash content of 30%,

ensuring reliability when working in intense temperature conditions on different types of solid fuel, without limiting the requirements for the sizes of pieces of fuel,

achieving efficient operation of the furnace, preventing sintering of slag,

providing mechanical fuel supply and mechanical slag removal with the possibility of automatic regulation.

A device for burning solid fuel, comprising a hopper, a boiler, a furnace with mechanical fuel supply and ash removal, characterized in that

The hopper, boiler, furnace with mechanical fuel supply and ash removal are installed on the same level. The furnace from the hopper is separated by cooling screens with circulating water.

Mechanical fuel supply consists of a rod equipped with ejectors for supplying fuel from the hopper to the boiler, and cooling strips for removing slag. The rod is made in the form of coaxially arranged pipes of the "pipe in pipe" type for circulating water, cooling the rod in the furnace, a bar for removing slag, and heating fuel through the rod in the hopper,

The reciprocating movement of the mechanical fuel supply provides a hydraulic actuator with a range of motion from 100 to 200 mm,

The firebox has no grates. The horizontal surface of the furnace is made of pipes connected by perforated corners with holes to provide directional air supply to the furnace. At the same time, the distance between the holes and their shape ensure the intersection of the air flows coming from neighboring holes, which allows you to burn fuel in the fluidized bed.

The mechanical ash removal device includes a cooled box, inside of which a cooled rod with cooled ejectors in the range of movement from 100 to 200 mm makes a reciprocating motion. The rod is connected to the hydraulic cylinder through cooled eyes. The rod is made in the form of coaxially arranged pipes of the pipe-in-pipe type for the circulation of water cooling the hot slag. The mechanical ash removal device is equipped with cutting teeth for crushing slag.

The fuel ejector in the hopper has a triangle in the profile, the acute angle of which is not more than 10 degrees for cutting fuel and close to 90 degrees for pushing fuel.

The profile of the cooling bar for removing slag from the boiler has a bevel at an angle of no more than 15 degrees.

The slag ejector has a profile similar to that of the fuel ejector.

The proposed device for burning solid fuel with a mechanical furnace allows you to arrange equipment, including a hopper, boiler, furnace with a mechanical fuel supply and ash removal on one floor of the building, which simplifies the implementation of mechanization and automation, and also makes it possible to remodel old boiler houses from 0 from 0 5 to 15 MW.

The hydraulic drive, convenient in operation, can be used for several types of equipment from one station. Using a hydraulic actuator, a mechanical fuel supply device and a mechanical ash removal device are operated.

The mechanical fuel supply device makes it possible to supply fuel by pushing it along the horizontal surface of the furnace, made in the form of a fixed grid with holes. There are no restrictions for the type of solid fuel, its size. Stock with

pushers, making reciprocating movements, cuts the fuel in the hopper with an acute angle of the ejectors and pushes the fuel into the furnace. Due to the circulation of water in the stock, it heats up in the part that is in the hopper. This allows you to heat the fuel and simplifies the supply of, for example, frozen pieces. The fuel ejector has an optimal profile for cutting and pushing fuel.

Reliability and durability of the device under intense temperature conditions due to water cooling of the rod and the cooling bar in the furnace are ensured.

Efficient operation of the furnace is achieved by burning fuel in a fluidized bed at a distance of up to 100 mm from the horizontal surface of the furnace. The fluidized bed is formed by supplying air through directional openings on the horizontal surface of the furnace. Moreover, the distance between the holes and their shape ensure the intersection of air flows coming from neighboring holes. This ensures uniform combustion and reduced fuel entrainment.

Cooling the burning mass of fuel through the cooling rod allows you to keep the combustion temperature in the furnace within 800-1000 ° C, which prevents sintering of slag. The reciprocating movement of the fuel supply rod stirs up the toxins, moves them effortlessly and pushes cooled strips into the mechanical ash removal unit.

The profile of the cooling strip for slag removal has a bevel at an angle of no more than 15 degrees.

The mechanical ash removal device includes a cooled box, inside of which a cooled rod with cooled ejectors in the range of movement from 100 to 200 mm makes a reciprocating motion. The stem is connected via hydraulically driven eyelets.

Cooling screens prevent the ingress of burning fuel from the furnace into the hopper, which increases the reliability of the device for burning fuel.

To clarify the described object are drawings.

Figure 1 - a device for burning solid fuel.

Figure 2 - horizontal surface of the furnace, providing combustion of fuel in the fluidized bed.

Figure 3 - the mechanical fuel supply device includes: view A-supply and water drainage into the rod, view B-profile of the ejector, view B-profile of the cooling bar.

Figure 4 - mechanical ash removal device.

5 is a photograph of a General view of the current device for burning solid fuel.

The proposed device for burning solid fuel is as follows.

The hopper 1, boiler 2, furnace 3 with mechanical fuel supply 4 and mechanical ash removal 5 are installed at the same level. The furnace 3 from the hopper 1 is separated by cooling screens 6 with circulating water.

The hydraulic cylinder 7 performs reciprocating motion of the fuel supply rod 8.

The rod 8, equipped with ejectors 9, provides fuel from the hopper 1 into the furnace. The pushers 9 cut the fuel at an acute angle and feed it into the furnace 3, which is separated from the hopper by cooling screens 6.

The firebox has no grates. The horizontal surface of the furnace is made of pipes 10 connected by perforated corners 11 with holes 12 to provide directional air supply to the furnace. At

this, the distance between the holes and their shape ensure the intersection of air flows coming from neighboring holes, which allows you to burn fuel in the fluidized bed.

The rod 8 of the mechanical fuel supply device is cooled by circulating water, which is supplied through the inlet 13 and discharged through the outlet 14. The rod is made in the form of coaxially arranged tubes in the pipe-to-pipe type for circulating water, cooling the rod in the furnace, a bar for removing slag, and heating through the stock fuel in the hopper. Cold water is supplied to the inner tube 15 of the rod and exits through the outer tube 16, while also passing through the cooling strip 17.

The slag formed after combustion is removed by mechanical ash removal 5. The mechanical ash removal device includes a cooled box 18, inside which the cooled rod 19 with cooled ejectors 20 between the cutting teeth 21 makes a reciprocating motion. The rod is connected through the cooling eyes 22 to the hydraulic cylinder 23.

The proposed utility model “Solid fuel combustion device” works as follows.

Fuel is loaded into the hopper 1. Using a hydraulic actuator 7, the cooled rod 8 is brought into reciprocating motion, to which circulating water is supplied through the inlet 13. The ejectors 9 in the hopper cut the fuel and move it along the horizontal surface of the furnace 3. Air entering through the openings 12 creates a fluidized bed of fuel at a distance of up to 100 mm, in which the fuel burns. The cooled rod 8 allows you to maintain a temperature of 800 ... 1000 ° C in the furnace, which prevents sintering of slag. By cooling strips 17, the slag encounters mechanical ash removal 5.

The mechanical ash removal device includes a cooled box 18, inside of which it makes reciprocating movements

a cooled rod 19 with cooled ejectors 20 between the cutting teeth 21. The rod is connected through the cooled eyes 22 to the hydraulic cylinder 23. The ejectors move the slag and the cooled one is pushed into the receiver.

You can give a specific example of the work of the "Device for burning solid fuel." Two boilers are installed in the village of Znamensk, Gvardeisky District, Kaliningrad Region, which are industrially usable by the fact that they successfully started to work in the 2004 heating season. Photo attached.

Thus, the proposed utility model of a device for burning solid fuel with a mechanical furnace allows one to obtain good operational characteristics of the device, achieve a power of up to 3.0 MW with an ash content of up to 30%, and ensure reliable operation in intense temperature conditions on different types of solid fuel of different sizes.

The ability to arrange equipment, including a fuel hopper, a boiler, a furnace and ash removal on one floor, simplifies mechanization and automation, and also makes it possible to re-equip old boiler rooms without reconstructing the building.

Provide mechanical fuel supply and mechanical ash removal, which can also be automatically adjusted.

The operation of hydraulic cylinders for mechanical fuel supply and mechanical ash removal is provided from one hydroelectric station.

A more efficient operation of the furnace is achieved due to the combustion of fuel in the fluidized bed, which ensures uniform combustion and reduced fuel entrainment.

Claims (6)

1. A device for burning solid fuel containing a hopper, boiler, a furnace with mechanical fuel supply and ash removal, characterized in that the hopper, boiler, a furnace with mechanical fuel supply and ash removal are installed at the same level, while the furnace from the hopper is separated by a cooling screen with circulating water, the mechanical fuel supply includes a hydraulic cylinder that provides reciprocating movement of the rod, equipped with ejectors for supplying fuel from the hopper to the boiler, and cooling strips for removing slag, made in the form of coaxially arranged pipes of the type ″ pipe in pipe ″ for water circulation, the furnace has a horizontal surface made of pipes connected by perforated corners with holes to provide directional air supply to the furnace, while the distance between the holes and their shape ensure the intersection of air flows coming from adjacent holes, the mechanical ash removal device includes a cooled box, inside of which, with the help of a hydraulic cylinder, it makes reciprocating movements cooled rod with cooled ejectors between the cutting teeth for crushing slag, while the rod is made in the form of coaxially arranged pipes of the type ″ pipe in pipe ″ for water circulation. 2. The device for burning solid fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the reciprocating movement of the mechanical fuel supply provides a hydraulic actuator with a range of motion from 100 to 200 mm. 3. The device for burning solid fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the rod for removing slag is connected via hydraulic eyelets to the slag. 4. The device for burning solid fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel ejector in the hopper has a triangle in the profile whose acute angle is not more than 10 ° for cutting fuel and close to 90 ° for pushing fuel. 5. The device for burning solid fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the profile of the cooling strip for removing slag from the boiler has a bevel at an angle of no more than 15 °. 6. The device for burning solid fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the slag ejector has a profile similar to that of the fuel ejector.