RU32419U1 - Installation for the disposal of mercury-containing waste - Google Patents

Description

Installation for the disposal of mercury-containing waste.

The utility model relates to devices for the disposal of waste, mainly mercury-containing fluorescent waste lamps, and can be used for environmental protection in various industries directly at enterprises or in the transportation process.

The loading of spent fluorescent lamps in a neutralization unit is associated with the need to prevent the leakage of mercury vapors released when their integrity is impaired, and especially when these lamps are in a damaged state or completely broken for various reasons.

A device for grinding spent fluorescent lamps, comprising a mechanism for grinding, a tank for collecting crushed material and a loading pipe made with a flap on the inlet side and with a flap on the side of the chopping mechanism delaying the flow of lamps to the mechanism, the output flap is openable only with closed output flap (1),

This device is mobile and intended for use directly in rooms where fluorescent lamps are used, and has low productivity, is not equipped with a mercury vapor recovery system.

A device for crushing fluorescent lamps is known, comprising a cylindrical body mounted on a trolley, in the upper part of which there is a lid with an inclined pipe for loading lamps and a suction pipe, and in the lower part of which there is an outlet funnel in communication with a removable tank,

B09B5 / 00

this cylindrical body is made with grinding elements, driven by an electric motor, and the suction pipe is connected to a filter cartridge removably mounted outside the housing in front of the exhaust fan (2).

This device is designed to work directly at the enterprise, has low productivity and can cause contamination of it with processed products when working indoors, for example, if fluorescent lamps are accidentally broken outside the device.

A known installation for the disposal of mercury-containing waste, implying its use as a concrete mixer (3).

Such an installation does not contain means for sufficient sealing of the filler neck, which can lead to environmental pollution.

Known stepping-off machine, taken as a prototype, containing a bath rotating from an electric motor with a spherical bottom, equipped with a blade, a loading neck, a hermetically sealed lid and attached to the exhaust ventilation system, a pipe for discharging beaten-off mercury, while the bath is rotatable about the horizontal axis ( 4). The machine is mounted on a bed and can be mounted on wheels.

This machine is used to implement a method for extracting mercury from a mortar.

The use of the well-known stubbing machine for the disposal of spent fluorescent lamps is not possible due to its shortcomings, the main of which include: the inability to load lamps, unreliability of the discharge system when used in mobile conditions (during transportation of the processed material).

ensuring environmental safety in the mobile mode, that is, with the possibility of conducting this process directly at enterprises or during transportation by eliminating the possibility of dust and mercury vapor entering the atmosphere.

This problem is solved in that in the installation for the disposal of mercury-containing waste, mainly fluorescent lamps, containing a drum type mixer, equipped with a mixing device, a lid with a loading cylindrical pipe, and made with the possibility of rotation in the working position at an angle to the horizontal, moving it on a transport chassis and connected to the exhaust ventilation system, the loading nozzle is divided by a lid on the outside into the loading and unloading parts, the latter being placed cantilever inside three mixers, and its length exceeds the length of the loading part by at least 1.5-3 times, while the ends of the loading nozzle are equipped with gates made with the possibility of providing alternate and independent from each other work when loading the mixer, and the shutter on the loading parts are made controllable, and the shutter on the unloading part is self-acting.

The installation can be performed with a cylindrical pipe length exceeding at least the length of the fluorescent lamp; cover - hinged and / or removable; the shutter of the loading part is in the form of a rotary damper or in the form of a removable cover, and the shutter of the unloading part is in the form of a check valve with rotary spring-loaded flaps.

The mixing device can be made in the form of two screw blades, and the mixer itself can be reversed.

The installation may additionally contain a system for purifying air from mercury vapor, configured to be connected to an exhaust ventilation system, while the discharge part of the loading nozzle

can be provided externally with an annular suction made with the possibility of connecting to an exhaust ventilation system and an air purification system, and the annular suction can be made with an annular suction slot, which, in turn, can be closed with its shutter for non-return valves.

The annular suction can also be made with the possibility of communication with the cavity of the loading pipe through the holes in the latter.

Separation of the loading nozzle with the lid on the outside into the loading and unloading parts with the placement of the last cantilever inside the mixer and the excess of its length over the length of the loading part, at least 1.5-3 times, when loading fluorescent lamps, lengthens the path of their movement deep into the mixer.

Providing the ends of the loading nozzle with shutters made to provide alternate and independent operation when loading a rotating mixer, allows the loading nozzle to operate in the lock chamber mode, which provides the conditions for the complete sealing of the mixer from the atmosphere during loading, and during its rotation.

The execution of the shutter on the loading part by the controlled one provides a compulsory impact on it from the side of the operator (or actuators, which are also brought in by the operator), while the shutter can be either fully open or completely closed (without intermediate positions).

The self-acting shutter on the unloading part ensures its operation in the mode of contact (gravitational) interaction of its elements with lamps, while these elements are triggered to open usually after locking the inlet of the loading nozzle.

Exceeding the length of the loading pipe over the length of the fluorescent lamp provides the condition for its optimal operation in the lock chamber mode.

The implementation of the cover is removable and / or hinged, it makes it possible to load the mixer by grinding it with medium without damaging the cover and nozzle and with high performance.

Performing the shutter of the loading part in the form of a rotary shutter ensures that, when it is opened, its plane leaves the plane of the loading opening, thereby, does not interfere (without interfering) with the loading of fluorescent lamps.

The execution of the shutter boot part in the form of a removable cover allows you to open the boot hole without any interference for loading fluorescent lamps.

The execution of the shutter of the discharge part in the form of a check valve with rotary spring-loaded flaps provides a condition for the fluorescent lamps to freely pass through it into the mixer drum.

The implementation of the mixing device in the form of two screw blades allows you to intensify the process of grinding fluorescent lamps and the mixing of grinding products with reagents.

The implementation of the mixer with the possibility of reverse rotation allows you to provide when rotating, for example, clockwise, mixing, and when rotating in the opposite direction, unloading.

The presence of an additional air purification system for mercury vapor and its implementation with the possibility of connecting to an exhaust ventilation system eliminates the possibility of environmental pollution during the operation of the mixer, especially in a non-reagent mode.

Supply of the discharge part of the loading nozzle from the outside with an annular suction made with the possibility of connecting to exhaust ventilation and air purification systems allows you to create

the pressure drop across this pipe, eliminating the backward release of mercury vapor from it.

Performing an annular suction with an annular suction slot provides an optimal condition for collecting mercury vapor around the entire perimeter of the end face of the discharge part of the loading nozzle.

The implementation of the annular suction gap with the possibility of overlapping it with check valve flaps allows these flaps to be used as an element for automatically switching on the suction.

The execution of the annular suction with the possibility of communication with the cavity of the loading pipe through the holes in the latter ensures the extraction of mercury vapor directly from the loading pipe.

Installation for the disposal of mercury-containing waste is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

in FIG. 1 - installation, general view, with a kinematic diagram of the mixer drive;

in FIG. 2 - a fragment of the loading pipe in figure 1, with a hinged cover, side view;

in FIG. 3 - the same, with a removable cover, side view;

figure 4 is a fragment of the loading pipe in figure 1 with the shutter of the loading part in the form of a rotary damper (option), side view;

in FIG. 5 - the same, with the shutter of the boot part in the form of a rotary

shutters (option 2), side view;

in FIG. 6 - the same, with the shutter of the boot part in the form of a removable cover, side view;

in FIG. 7 - the same, with the shutter of the discharge part in the form of a check valve, side view;

in Fig.8 is a fragment of the mixer in Fig.1 with a mixing device, side view;

figure 9 is a loading pipe with an annular suction on its discharge part, side view;

in FIG. 10 - the same, with an annular suction with an annular suction slot, side view;

in FIG. And - the same, with an annular suction and suction openings.

Installation for the disposal of mercury-containing waste contains (Fig. 1) a transport chassis 1 with a mixer mounted on it in the form of a drum 2, connected to a rotation drive 3 through a gear (for example, chain) 4, a reversing gear 5, a cardan shaft 6 and a coupling 7. The mixer is equipped with a gear ring 8, a bandage 9, is mounted above an angle to the horizon (for example 15) with three points of support: a bearing assembly on the front support and a band 9 on two support rollers 10.

The loading neck of the mixer is equipped with a hermetically sealed fastener 11, in which a cylindrical loading nozzle 12 is installed, the loading part of which is located outside the mixer and is equipped with a shutter 13, and the discharge part of which is of a large length is cantileverly placed inside the mixer and, accordingly, is equipped with a shutter 14.

To ensure convenient working conditions for the operator loading the fluorescent lamps into the drum 2, the transport chassis 1 from its loading side can be equipped with a loading platform 15, which for the convenience of loading work can be made with the possibility of moving it vertically, collapsible , and in the latter case, and folding.

The loading pipe 12 can be made with a length exceeding at least the length of the fluorescent lamp.

The cover 11 can be made removable (figure 2) - for cases when it is necessary to load the grinding medium, and / or folding (figZ), that is, with rotation relative to one fixing point, usually

made in the form of a hinge. In all these cases of manipulation of the cover 11, it is not necessary to remove the pipe 12 from it.

The loading nozzle 12 can be equipped with shutters 13 and 14 on the loading and unloading parts, respectively made in the form of a rotary damper (Figs. 4 and 5) or a removable cover (Fig. 6) in the form of a check valve (Fig. 7) with rotary flaps 16 equipped with elastic elements 17.

The mixer can be equipped with a mixing device (Fig. 8), made in the form of two screw blades 18, and it can be made with the possibility of reverse rotation provided by the use of gear 5.

The mixer may include a mercury vapor air purification system configured to be connected to an exhaust ventilation system (Fig. 9), and may include devices placed externally on the discharge part of the loading nozzle, including an annular suction 19, which can be made with an annular suction slot 20, which, in turn, can be configured to overlap the check valve flaps 16 (FIG. 10).

In another embodiment (FIG. I), the annular suction 19 can be configured to communicate with the cavity of the loading pipe 12 through the hole 21.

Installation can be performed with various overall dimensions. In mini-version, it can be placed on a hand truck and with the possibility of moving it indoors (mainly in large areas); in a larger version it can be equipped with a transport chassis (based, for example, on a battery powered loader; in this case, the loader lift can be adapted to accommodate the operator and lift it directly under the removable fluorescent lamp); but in

a large version can be placed on a trailer or directly on the vehicle’s transport chassis.

Installation works as follows.

From the individual drive 3, the torque is transmitted through the clutch 7 and the driveshaft 6 to the gearbox 5, then through a chain transmission 4 to the ring gear 8 of the mixing drum 2, which receives rotation, for example, clockwise.

The full cycle of work includes loading the mixing drum; moving the mixture along the route or upon arrival at the facility; unloading the finished mixture and washing the mixing drum and loading nozzle.

The operation of the installation can be carried out according to any of the following three options, each of which has a difference in terms of operating mode.

Option 1. Without the use of grinding media and without chemicals (self-grinding mode).

This option is more convenient to use when there are several transmitters of small batches of fluorescent lamps or a small-sized installation is used indoors.

In this case, the loading, processing and transportation of fluorescent lamps is carried out with the mercury vapor suction system from the loading pipe turned on.

The loading of spent fluorescent lamps is carried out with a rotating drum 2 mixer from the loading platform 15 beams of 20-25SC. (It is possible and separately from one lamp to 20-25pcs.).

The product in the form of a mixture of crushed glass and deformed elements of fluorescent lamps is unloaded with the cover 11 removed at the stationary reception of this product. Here it can be further processed with separation of the components and their

separate utilization, or with purely chemical treatment and also with their separate utilization.

Option 2. Using a grinding medium (grinding mode).

The option is similar to the first one, except that the optimum amount of grinding media (metal or ceramic elements, slag, gravel, pebbles, etc.) is preliminarily loaded with the cover 11 removed to intensify the grinding process, after which the cover is installed on the neck drum 2.

Option 3. Using chemical reagents and grinding media (grinding mode with a chemical reaction of demercurization).

When working according to this option, a grinding medium (metal or ceramic elements, slag, gravel, pebbles, etc.) is introduced through the loading neck 4, and then, after fixing the lid 11 on it, water, reagents, etc. in the necessary proportions, with the drive turned on 3 rotations. Then mercury-containing waste to be neutralized, for example spent fluorescent lamps, is introduced. At the moment of mechanical destruction of the lamps, there is a small suction of air into the drum2, since the lamps are evacuated and, upon destruction, create a small vacuum in the cavity of the drum. In this case, mercury vapor recovery systems and exhaust ventilation can be omitted.

As a result of the processes occurring in drum 2 — displacement, grinding and a chemical reaction (the latter being carried out as a result of the interaction of the reagents with mercury), a mass is obtained which is a mixture of ground product loading

It contains safe insoluble non-volatile mercury compounds and is classified as hazard class IV.

Thus, the installation performs, in addition to its main function - mixing, also the function of a mill for grinding lamps and at the same time a reactor for complete mixing of the periodic action of the demercurization process.

At the end of the processing, the resulting mixture with the cover 11 removed from the drum 2 is unloaded at the treatment site or at the burial site.

In the case of using metal or ceramic elements as a grinding medium, they are isolated from the mixture by reversing the rotation of the drum 2 during unloading. These elements are then reused.

The loading and processing of lamps is carried out directly on the territory of the customer on an open area, and the loading of the grinding medium can be preliminarily performed in another place: in a quarry, warehouse, dump, etc.

The operation of the installation according to this option is conveniently carried out in a concrete mixer based on a car chassis, for example KamAZ-5511, that is, using a commercially available machine, which allows the use of these concrete mixers on a rental basis. At the same time, their special treatment (demercurization) is not required, since mercury does not accumulate in the mixing drum, but during operation of the unit to eliminate the possibility of poisoning and personal injury, as well as to ensure normal sanitary and hygienic working conditions of workers, it is necessary to strictly comply with safety with mercury in accordance with GOST 12.3-031-83.

A similar type of installation is already used in Tolyatti and other cities for the collection and disposal of fluorescent lamps both in small enterprises and in large ones (for example, AvtoVAZ JSC) under the name "Mobile installation for demercurization (disposal)

,

fluorescent lamps (Hygienic certificate for products, product No. 63. SC. 06.451.P.00721.04.00 dated 07.04.2000 issued by the Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance in the Samara Region).

The advantages of this installation are its mobility, the ability to process mercury-containing lamps and devices directly on the territory of the customer, efficiency, ease of operation, environmental safety.

sources of information.

1. Japanese application. No. 61-32068 B, cl. VO2S19 / 14, VOYU 53/34, 1986.

2. PCT application No. 83/01396, class BO2C 19/12, BOID 59/50, 1983.

3. Application of the Russian Federation. No. 99102403/02 (002390), cl. C22B43 / 00, C22B7 / 00, 2000.

4. The author's certificate of the USSR X 17003, cl. NKI 40a, 45bo, 1959.

Claims (13)

1. Installation for the disposal of mercury-containing waste, mainly fluorescent lamps, containing a drum type mixer, equipped with a mixing device, a cover with a loading cylindrical pipe, and made with the possibility of rotation in the working position at an angle to the horizontal, moving it on the transport chassis and connected to the exhaust system ventilation, characterized in that the loading pipe is divided by a lid on the outside into the loading and unloading parts, the latter being placed cantilever inside, see of the carrier, and its length exceeds the length of the loading part by at least 1.5-3 times, while the ends of the loading nozzle are equipped with gates that are capable of providing alternate and independent operation when loading the mixer, and the shutter on the loading part is made controllable , and the lock on the unloading part is self-acting. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the loading pipe exceeds at least the length of the fluorescent lamp. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the cover is hinged and / or removable. 4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the shutter of the loading part is made in the form of a rotary damper. 5. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the shutter of the boot part is made in the form of a removable cover. 6. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the shutter of the unloading part is made in the form of a check valve with rotary spring-loaded flaps. 7. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixing device is made in the form of two screw blades. 8. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixer is configured to reverse rotation. 9. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a system for purifying air from mercury vapor, made with the possibility of connecting to an exhaust ventilation system. 10. Installation according to claims 1 and 9, characterized in that the discharge part of the loading nozzle is provided with an annular suction on the outside, made with the possibility of connecting to an exhaust ventilation system and to an air purification system. 11. Installation according to claims 1, 9 and 10, characterized in that the annular suction is made with an annular suction slot. 12. Installation according to claims 1, 9-11, characterized in that the annular suction slot is configured to overlap with check valve flaps. 13. Installation according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the annular suction is configured to communicate with the cavity of the loading nozzle through the holes in the latter.