RU2839998C1 - Hydraulic press for cold pressing of oil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and fat industry; presses.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fat-and-oil industry, in particular, to equipment for production of vegetable oil by pressing. Hydraulic press contains a bed in the lower part of which a hydraulic cylinder with a rod is installed, and a tray with a hole for the rod. Barrel in the form of a pipe with slots for oil draining on the inner surface is installed in the tray. Detachable thrust plate is arranged above barrel to move vertically and horizontally. Bed is made with a plate located above the thrust plate. Said plate has a hole for loading seeds before squeezing oil and unloading compressed seeds at the end of the squeezing process. Hole is aligned with barrel top part.

EFFECT: expanded operating performances of the press.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

Field of technology

The claimed complex relates to the oil and fat industry, in particular to the technology and equipment for obtaining vegetable oil by pressing, especially in mini-production conditions, from oilseed raw materials.

State of the art

Currently, standard designs of presses used for squeezing out oil are used. Known designs consist of a hydraulic cylinder located in the upper part of the press and a barrel in the lower part. On such a press, when loading and unloading seeds, it is necessary to perform heavy manipulations with the barrel, the weight of which is 15-20 kg. At the beginning of the work on a separate table, the mentioned barrel is placed on a pallet. Then the seeds are loaded into the barrel, which are in a bag made of filter fabric, then the upper piston is installed, additional extensions and metal washers are placed on the piston, then this entire structure is placed on the lower plate of the press and centered manually so that the center of the hydraulic cylinder rod coincides with the center of the upper piston in the barrel, after which the process of increasing the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder begins, oil flows out of the seeds, when the oil is pressed, the squeezed seeds turn into a hard tablet very rigidly expanded in the barrel.

A device for pressing oilseed raw materials is known (patent RU15888 RF from 14.08.2000, class IPC C11B 1/06) containing a loading unit and a pressing element. The loading unit is made in the form of a housing with an opening in the lower part for draining oil and a container installed inside it, made of rings connected to each other to form a single structure. The device has disks separating the loaded raw materials, on which the pressing element exerts pressure.

The disadvantage of this device is the bulkiness of the design, where each spin cycle requires assembly and disassembly of the inner container. In addition, the mechanism for the oil to enter the space between the body and the container in which the process of its extraction takes place is unclear, especially from the lower rings. It is unclear from the description whether the rings installed in the grooves have the necessary minimum gaps, and what is the guarantee of maintaining a uniform gap between the body and the inner container during operation.

A hydraulic cold-pressed oil press is known (electronic deposit, Internet source 08/19/2024 https://zerno-remeslo.ru/catalog/maslopressy-dlya-holodnogo-otzhima/maslopress-gidravlicheskij-holodnogo-otzhima-zolotoj.html), consisting of a housing made in the form of a frame, with a built-in hydraulic cylinder, with a plate on which a barrel with grooves is installed. The specified source is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of this design is the difficult and labor-intensive process of preparing the barrel for direct pressing of seeds and after this stage to the same complex manipulations with repeated lifting of the 15-25 kg barrel with pistons and iron washers in order to unload the pressed seeds (cake) from the barrel, to free it for the next loading. Also, these processes take a lot of time, loading 10-20 minutes and unloading from 10-20 minutes.

The technical result of the claimed solution is the development of a hydraulic press with expanded functional capabilities due to the possibility of placing the barrel in the center in a new pallet design.

Disclosure of the essence of the technical solution

The technical solution to the above problem is the development of a hydraulic press for cold pressing of oil, which includes a frame inside which a hydraulic cylinder with a rod is located, as well as a plate under which a barrel with grooves is installed, where the barrel is a pipe - a through cylinder with grooves evenly distributed along the inner surface, installed in a pallet, and in the center of the said pallet there is a hole for the hydraulic cylinder rod. The specified technical solution makes it possible to place the barrel under the hole in the plate and provides the ability to use the upper part of the barrel for loading and unloading seeds.

A technical solution is possible, where the barrel is made of caprolon or any other material capable of withstanding a load of several tons or more. The specified technical solution provides variability in the use of various materials for the manufacture of the barrel itself.

A technical solution variant is possible, where the pallet is made of caprolon. The specified technical solution provides variability in the use of various materials for the manufacture of the pallet itself.

A possible technical solution is one where the barrel has grooves along the entire surface with a size between the recesses of 20 mm, the recesses are 2-5 mm deep and 2 mm wide. This technical solution allows oil to flow along the entire inner surface of the barrel.

A technical solution variant is possible, where the pallet repeats the outer circumference of the barrel. The specified technical solution provides the possibility of centering and positioning the barrel in the center of the pallet and, accordingly, the center of the cylinder rod.

A technical solution is possible where the height of the tray is 4-10 cm higher than the lower part of the barrel. This technical solution maintains the location of the barrel in the center and allows the barrel to move freely vertically, sometimes resting against the plate, and sometimes lowering into the tray, freeing the upper part of the barrel from the plate.

A possible technical solution is one in which the size of the tray opening is located in the range of several mm larger than the diameter of the cylinder rod. This technical solution ensures free vertical movement of the cylinder rod.

Brief list of drawings

Additionally, we note that the attached image in Fig. 1 shows the most preferred embodiment of the technical solution and cannot be considered as a limitation of the content of the technical solution, which also includes other embodiments.

Fig. 1 shows the claimed hydraulic press for squeezing oil.

pos. 1 - frame (another name: press body), made of metal material, mainly a metal channel or thick sheet metal and is a vertical frame for placing in it the mechanisms and units that ensure the operation of the declared press.

pos. 2 - a plate with a hole, which is an integral part of the body 1 of the press. In this case, the hole is located in the center of the plate 2, through this hole the loading and unloading of seeds occurs when the stop plate 3 is moved back. And accordingly, when the stop plate 3 is moved forward, the hole is blocked for the press to operate to squeeze oil out of the seeds.

pos. 3 - thrust plate, is a square or rectangular plate with a thickness of at least 10 mm, and is intended to create a horizontal surface, for example, a ceiling, inside the housing 1 of the hydraulic press. The plate 3 itself is installed in a special rectangular form 4 with additional small profile stops 4.1, and already together with the form is installed in the housing 1 on the guides. The thrust plate 3 is located under the plate with the hole 2, at a distance of several millimeters 2-5. The thrust plate lies freely in the rectangular form 4 and can freely move up and down by several millimeters from 1 to 10 mm, which allows this plate to be released for horizontal movement when loading and unloading seeds.

pos. 4 - a rectangular shape made of a corner in which a thrust plate 3 lies freely.

pos. 4.1 - profile stops for unloading, which are an integral part of the rectangular shape 4, and inside which the stop plate 3 is installed, the stops 4.1 themselves are a metal profile pipe of rectangular cross-section. Profile stops are necessary during unloading, they take the place of the pushed back stop plate 3. These stops limit the upward movement of the barrel 7, while leaving the space where the bag with seeds moves free and moving the cylinder rod upwards, the seeds are completely pulled out of the body of the barrel, it remains to take this bag with your hands and free it from compressed seeds in order to pour in fresh seeds.

pos. 5 - horizontal guides, along which the thrust plate moves forward and backward.

pos. 6 - the upper piston additionally covers the upper bottom of the barrel 7.

pos. 7 - a barrel, is a pipe - a through cylinder made of caprolon or any other material capable of withstanding a load of several tons and more, with grooves and recesses evenly spaced around the circumference of the inner surface, and is installed on a pallet 9, where they are then jointly installed on the upper part of the hydraulic cylinder body. The barrel is located under the thrust plate 3, the upper part of the barrel is 10-20 mm away from the thrust plate. The shape of the lower part of the barrel is made in the form of a “dovetail”, so that the oil flows down the inner edge of the barrel, and does not spread over the entire lower plane of the barrel.

pos. 8 - seeds in a bag, the bag is sewn to fit the size of the barrel and additionally filters the oil, preventing the seeds from filling the grooves in the barrel, through which the squeezed oil flows into the tray.

pos. 9 - a tray, is a round product (a round glass), made of nylon and/or metal and/or wood and allows the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 12 to pass through the tray 9 and press on the lower piston 11, collect oil and remove it into the oil container and allows the barrel 7 itself to be centered so that it does not go either to the left or to the right during operation. The tray also has a platform on which the lower part of the barrel 7 stands.

pos. 10 - container for collecting squeezed out oil.

pos. 11 - the lower piston, made of caprolon, with a pressed-in metal washer, while the edge of this piston, where the oil flows into the container and drips, has a certain shape, such as a "dovetail", so that the oil does not flow along the piston 11 itself and further along the cylinder rod, but collects in the pan 9.

pos. 12 - hydraulic cylinder rod, is a cylinder installed in the hydraulic cylinder body and is made of metal materials. The rod moves up and down vertically through the hole in the pallet 9 and exerts pressure on the lower piston 11 of the barrel 7.

pos. 13 - a hydraulic cylinder is any device, be it a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder, capable of creating pressure in a barrel of several tons or more, and is made of any material that can withstand loads of 10 tons or more.

Implementation of technical solutions

In the technical solution, the following concepts are understood under the terms used:

The frame (other names: body, frame) is a fixed part of a product (machine, mechanism, etc.), on which the rest of its units and mechanisms are placed and along which they move.

A tray (other names: bottom, mold, base, foundation, cup, stand) is a supporting structure for installing a device that repeats the external shape of the item being installed.

A barrel (other names: barrel, can, canister, etc.) is a container from a liter to several liters in which the seeds are squeezed; the barrel must withstand high pressure.

The claimed technical solution provides the ability to release the plate after the hydraulic cylinder rod is lowered down, and on this rod there is a tray with a barrel and a piston with a bag with seeds, lowering is necessary at a distance of several centimeters and higher, which compensates for the expansion of the seeds towards the thrust plate and the already released thrust plate is moved horizontally back at the same time attached to the form in which the thrust plate lies, two thrust profiles are substituted, they have an insignificant width of 2 to 6 centimeters, and are located along the edges of the barrel walls, while access to the holes in the upper part of the barrel and in the upper plate becomes free. By switching the movement of the hydraulic cylinder rod upward, the compressed seeds are squeezed out of the barrel.

A hydraulic press for cold pressing of oil, including a housing (frame) 1 inside which a hydraulic cylinder with a rod 12 is located, as well as a plate 2 with an opening and a thrust plate 3, under which a barrel 7 is installed, made in the form of a through cylinder with grooves and recesses between them evenly spaced along the inner surface, while the size between the recesses is approximately 10 to 20 mm, the recesses are 2-5 mm deep and 2 mm wide. The dimensions depend on the dimensions of the barrel 7 itself. The larger the barrel 7, the larger the specified dimensions. The barrel 7 itself is made of caprolon or any other material capable of withstanding a load of several tons or more. It is known that caprolon is a high-strength engineering plastic that is created from polyamide obtained from cyclohexanone. It has good mechanical properties, can withstand high temperatures and has high resistance to chemicals. The use of a barrel 7 in a hydraulic press made of caprolon allows it to be used for a long time.

Other materials for making a barrel 7 are stainless steel, hardwood and any material that can withstand high loads of tens and even hundreds of tons.

The barrel itself is installed in the center of the tray 9, also made of caprolon, which also allows the tray 9 to be used for a long time. The shape of the tray 9 follows the outer circumference of the barrel 7, where the tray 9 is 4 - 10 cm higher than the lower edge of the barrel 7. The use and installation of the barrel 7 in the tray 9 ensures a stable position of the barrel 7 itself in the hydraulic press during operation.

In the center of the tray 9, there is a hole for the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 12. In this case, the size of the hole in the tray 9 is located in the range of several mm larger than the diameter of the rod of the cylinder 12. For example, if the diameter of the rod 12 of the hydraulic cylinder is 100 mm, then the hole in the tray 9 is 120 mm. The clearance fit of the tray 9 on the rod 12 of the hydraulic cylinder 13 ensures free movement of the rod 12 of the hydraulic cylinder 13 itself in order to move the lower piston 11 and squeeze the seeds.

Also, in the lower part of the pallet 9, a recess of several millimeters 5-10 mm is made, and in diameter 2-3 mm larger than the diameter of the upper part of the hydraulic cylinder 13, thus the pallet 9 is placed on the hydraulic cylinder 13 from above and is self-centering.

The hydraulic cylinder 13 is located below the body 1 of the press, the barrel 7, in which the pressing of seeds occurs, is located above the hydraulic cylinder 13. Above the barrel 7 is a thrust plate 3, which has a free vertical and horizontal stroke. Above the thrust plate 3 is a plate with an opening 2, the opening is larger than the internal diameter of the barrel 7, through this opening at the beginning of work a bag with seeds 8 is loaded and at the end of pressing the pressed seeds are unloaded.

After the pressing process is completed and the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 13 is removed, the seeds expand by 2-10 mm and the movement of the stop plate 3 to open the hole becomes impossible.

In this case, the thrust plate 3 above the barrel is 5 mm away from the plate with the hole 2 and after the pressure is removed and the hydraulic cylinder rod 12 moves downwards, it drops by 5 mm under its own weight, and the thrust plate 3 is released from above for horizontal movement.

The barrel 7 itself in the initial initial state is located 10-20 mm away from the thrust plate 3. When compression occurs and the cylinder rod moves upward, the barrel together with the piston and seeds rises upward and the gap disappears, the upper part of the barrel 7 rests against the thrust plate 3, when the rod 12 moves further upward, then the thrust plate 3 itself rises and the gap between the plate with the hole 2 and the thrust plate 3 disappears, further movement of the rod 12 leads to compression of the seeds and leakage of oil. After sufficient compression has occurred, everything happens in the reverse order, when the rod 12 moves downward, the thrust plate 3 is lowered, releasing it from above, and then it lowers the barrel 7 together with the bag of seeds and releases the moving thrust plate 3 from below.

The stop plate 3 in a rectangular shape 4 with profile stops for unloading 4.1, moves horizontally and vertically, occupying two working positions, forward and backward.

- forward - the plate becomes a stop for the upper piston of the barrel 6 and the barrel itself 7, in which the seeds are pressed out.

- back - the stop plate 3 moves away, freeing the opening through which the seeds are loaded or unloaded, and at the same time the stop plate 3 is replaced by profile stops 4.1, against which the barrel 7 rests when unloading the compressed seeds.

The claimed technical solution works as follows:

The press is equipped with a system for easy and simple loading and unloading of the barrel 7 with seeds, through the opening of the plate 2 in the upper part of the housing 1. All the work in this case consists of switching the direction of movement of the rod 12 of the hydraulic cylinder and extending the stop plate 3, which easily and smoothly moves horizontally on the ball guides 5. Thanks to the new design of the pallet 9, which has an opening through which the hydraulic cylinder rod passes, which made it possible to place the hydraulic cylinder in the lower part of the housing 1 of the press, and the barrel 7 with the pallet 9 above the hydraulic cylinder, and to install a moving stop plate 3 above the upper opening of the barrel 7. The barrel 7 stands on the pallet 9 not attached to anything, but as if in a round glass (pallet 9) and can move up and down along this glass and, if necessary, can be easily removed in order to wash it, the pallet 9 is also not attached to anything, but has a recess with a diameter of several millimeters larger than the diameter of the hydraulic cylinder rod 12, which allows it to be easily removed and washed. All components are disassembled.

The claimed technical solution provides:

- the process of collecting oil, due to the oil collection tray. In the tray there is a hole through which the hydraulic cylinder rod passes freely. The said rod presses on the lower piston located at the bottom of the barrel, while the edge of the lower piston is ground at an angle, which allows the flowing oil to be directed into the tray. In the tray itself, a recess is also machined in which the oil is collected, in the tray there is also a hole from this recess, a spout-tube is inserted into this hole through which the oil flows into the vessel, where it accumulates. Also in the tray there is a platform on which the barrel stands, and the outer walls of the tray do not allow the barrel to move to the side and center the barrel so that it is always in the center of the hydraulic cylinder rod.

- and reduces the time of loading the barrel with seeds to 2-5 minutes, unloading to 1-2 minutes.

The created design is aimed at solving the problem related to the fact that the compressed seeds, after the pressure in the barrel is removed, do not remain in an unchanged compressed state, but expand and during expansion the thrust plate and the barrel are jammed. Due to the fact that the thrust plate and the barrel have a free stroke, limited in a certain way, the process is controlled by means of a cylinder rod, switching the direction of the rod movement.

The claimed technical solution ensures the use of a hydraulic press with expanded functional capabilities, due to the possibility of locating the barrel in the center in a new pallet design, above the hydraulic cylinder, and thus freeing the upper part of the barrel for loading and unloading seeds.

Claims (3)

1. A hydraulic press for cold pressing of oil, comprising a frame, in the lower part of which a hydraulic cylinder with a rod is installed, and a tray made with an opening for the rod of the hydraulic cylinder, characterized in that it is equipped with a barrel in the form of a pipe with grooves on the inner surface for draining oil pressed from seeds, installed in the tray, and a removable stop plate installed above the barrel with the possibility of vertical and horizontal movement, wherein the frame is made with a plate located above the stop plate and made with an opening for loading seeds before pressing the oil and unloading pressed seeds at the end of the pressing process, combined with the upper part of the barrel. 2. The press according to item 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a mold with profile stops, a removable stop plate is located in the said mold, and the profile stops are designed with the possibility of limiting the upward movement of the barrel when unloading the pressed seeds. 3. The press according to item 1, characterized in that the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the frame by means of a metal ring welded to the lower part of the frame and made according to the diameter of the hydraulic cylinder body.