RU2839467C1 - Process line for preparation of granulated feedstuff - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and is intended for granulated feedstuff preparation. Process line for the preparation of granulated feedstuff includes in-series connected module for the preparation of loose feedstuff, including a metal frame on which four hoppers are installed for the accumulation of feedstuff components, connected for filling with one or more pneumatic crusher and coupled with horizontal mixer arranged at the frame bottom for unloading, accumulation hopper, granulator, cooling column and finished product hopper. Accumulating hopper is installed above the granulator.

EFFECT: invention usage will allow to increase the level of continuous production process of granulated feedstuff preparation.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and is intended for the preparation of granulated compound feed.

The prior art includes a process flow chart for preparing granulated feed from grain and unthreshed grain heap Rudoy D.V., Braginets S.V., Pakhomov V.I., Bakhchevnikov O.N. Technology for producing granulated feed from unthreshed grain heap // Equipment and technologies in animal husbandry. 2022. No. 3 (47). The known technology consists of the following stages:

1. Harvesting grain crops in the milky, pasty or waxy ripeness phase by stripping without threshing. It is performed by a stripping header, aggregated with a wheeled tractor and a vehicle. The moisture content of the harvested grain heap is 40-80%.

2. Delivery of the grain heap to the feed shop.

3. Normalization of raw materials to increase their homogeneity. The grain heap is processed in an expander operating in the mixer-normalizer mode (processing temperature 35-40°C). As a result, a more homogeneous mixture (expandate) is obtained with evenly mixed grain and non-grain part of the ear (sex). The resulting mixture has a moisture content of 40 to 60% and requires drying.

4. The normalized grain heap (expandate) is subjected to atmospheric drying with stirring until it reaches a moisture content of 14-18%. The drying process can be intensified by using a drum dryer.

5. Crushing the dried expander using a hammer mill.

6. Mixing crushed expanded grain from the heap with mineral and protein additives (3-7% of the feed weight) in a horizontal or inclined mixer.

7. Granulation of the feed mixture on a screw press, which ensures low energy consumption of the process. The raw material is heated to a temperature of 50-63°C during the granulation process.

8. Cooling and separation of granules, sending screenings for re-granulation.

9. Placing granulated feed into storage.

The disadvantage of the known technology is the disruption of the continuity of the technological process due to the use of a periodic mixer in the line and the cyclical supply of loose compound feed directly from the mixer to the granulator. When the mixer is empty, the granulator has to be stopped until a new portion of loose compound feed is ready. The disruption of the continuity of the technological process negatively affects the operation of the granulator, causing excess energy consumption, and also leads to the cooling of its working parts, which causes deterioration in the quality of the granules.

The prior art also includes a module for preparing loose compound feed, invention patent RU 2802579 "Device for preparing loose compound feed", IPC A23N 17/00, published on 30.08.2023. The known device for preparing loose compound feed comprises a metal four-support frame. In the upper part of the frame, four bins are installed for accumulating the components of the compound feed, made in the form of vertically oriented metal cylinders tapering in the lower part. An aspiration system is mounted in the upper part of the bins, made in the form of bags or filters. In the lower part of the frame, under the bins, a horizontal mixer is installed on weighing sensors with loading hatches located in the upper part and a common unloading hatch in the lower part. The device comprises screw dispensers that communicate the bins and the loading hatches of the horizontal mixer. The mixer is located in the central part of the four-support frame between the bins. A control panel is installed on the frame. Loading material pipelines are mounted in the upper part of the storage bins, which are connected to the unloading material pipeline of the pneumatic crusher via a feed component distributor. Level sensors are installed on the side surfaces of the storage bins, which allow monitoring the degree of loading of the bins. Slide valves are installed in the lower part of the storage bins. A screw conveyor is mounted under the unloading hatch of the mixer. The use of this module for the preparation of loose feed as part of a process line for the preparation of granulated feed is unknown from the state of the art.

The objective of the invention is to develop a new technological line for granulated compound feed.

The technical result consists in increasing the level of continuity of the production process for preparing granulated compound feed.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that a technological line for the preparation of granulated compound feed is proposed, which includes the following connected in series:

- a module for preparing loose compound feed, including a metal frame on which four bins are installed for accumulating compound feed components, connected for filling with one or more pneumatic crushers, and for unloading, coupled with a horizontal mixer installed in the lower part of the frame,

- a storage bin with a volume exceeding the volume of the horizontal mixer,

- granulator,

- cooling column,

- finished product bunker,

- in this case, the storage bin is installed above the granulator.

The process line mainly contains a feeder for introducing additional enrichment components into a horizontal mixer. The process line mainly contains an automatic control system.

The proposed invention is explained by the following graphic materials.

Fig. 1 – a three-dimensional model of a technological line for the preparation of granulated compound feed (front view), in which the module for the preparation of loose compound feed contains four bins and one crusher.

Fig. 2 – a three-dimensional model of a technological line for the preparation of granulated compound feed (rear view), in which the module for the preparation of loose compound feed contains four bins and one crusher.

The figures show a process line for preparing granulated compound feed, including a module for preparing loose compound feed 1, a granulator 2 with an upper storage bin 3, a cooling column 4, and a finished product bin 5, all connected in series. The module for preparing loose compound feed 1 includes a metal frame 6, on which bins 7 are installed (shown in Figs. 1 and 2 in the amount of four pieces) for accumulating the components of the compound feed, connected for filling with a pneumatic crusher 8 (as shown in Figs. 1 and 2), and for unloading - with a horizontal mixer 9 installed in the lower part of the frame 6. The output of the horizontal mixer 9 is connected to the input of the upper bin 3 of the granulator 2 by a moving device 10 (primarily a screw conveyor) for moving the loose compound feed. The outlet of the granulator 2 is connected to the inlet of the cooling column 4 by a moving device 11 (preferably a belt conveyor) for moving the granulated compound feed, the outlet of the cooling column 4 is connected to the inlet of the finished product bin 5 by a moving device 12 (preferably a belt conveyor) for moving the granulated compound feed.

The bunkers 7 for accumulating the components of the compound feed in the module for preparing loose compound feed 1 are made in the form of vertically oriented metal cylinders, narrowing in the lower part. In the upper part of the bunkers 7, an aspiration system 13 is mounted, made in the form of bags or filters. In the lower part of the metal frame 6 under the bunkers 7, a horizontal mixer 9 with loading hatches 14 located in the upper part and a common unloading hatch 15 in the lower part is installed. The bunkers 7 and the loading hatches 14 of the horizontal mixer 9 are connected by screw dispensers 16. The module for preparing loose compound feed 1 is equipped with a feeding device 17 for feeding enriching additives (a belt conveyor is shown in the Fig.), connected to the horizontal mixer 9. Module 1 is equipped with a control cabinet 18. In Fig. 1 and 2 show that loading material pipelines 19 are mounted in the upper part of the bunkers 7, which are connected to the unloading material pipeline 20 of the pneumatic crusher 8 via the distributor 21 of the feed components. The pneumatic crusher 8 is connected to the loading device (ejector) 22 via the material pipeline 23. Upper and lower level sensors are mounted on the side surfaces of the bunkers 7, which make it possible to monitor the degree of loading of the bunkers. Slide valves are mounted in the lower part of the storage bunkers 7. The receiving hopper of the screw conveyor 10 is located under the unloading hatch of the mixer 9.

Additionally, the proposed device can be equipped with an automatic control system located in the control cabinet 18 and additionally including a remote control panel (not shown in the figure), with the ability to receive control signals from the level sensors about the filling of the bins 7 and the weighing sensors about each component loaded into the horizontal mixer 9 and to supply control signals to the electric drives of the screw feeders 16, the electric drive of the pneumatic crusher 8. From this same panel, the feeding devices 10, 11 and 12, the granulator 2 and the cooling column 4 are controlled.

The essence of the invention is as follows.

The pneumatic crusher 8 is switched on from the control panel, which begins to generate an air flow intended for moving the components of the compound feed. The loading device (ejector) 22 is immersed in the embankment with the component that needs to be crushed. Under the action of the air flow, the component intended for crushing enters through the ejector 22 along the material pipeline 23 into the crusher 8, where it is crushed. Then, the crushed component is moved by the air flow along the unloading material pipeline 20 into one of the selected bins 7 and settles in it. Purified air is removed from the bin 7 through the aspiration system 13. Crushing occurs until the level sensor is triggered, signaling that the bin 7 is full. After crushing the selected component, the crusher 8 is switched off, the switches of the distributor 21 are switched to the next position, connecting the crusher 8 with the next bin 7. The process of crushing the next component occurs. In this way, all bunkers 7 connected to the crusher 8 are gradually filled with the necessary components of the compound feed. In order to speed up the process of filling the bunkers 7, module 1 can be equipped with more than one crusher 8, which increases the continuity of the process, since the number of switches on the distributor 21 between the bunkers 7 is reduced. After crushing the components of the compound feed and filling all the bunkers 7, they are dosed in accordance with the specified recipe. The crushed components of the compound feed are taken from the bunkers 7 by screw feeders 16 and fed to the horizontal mixer 9 through the loading hatches 14 located in its upper part. By means of weighing sensors, the amount of components fed to the mixer 9 by the screw feeders 16 in accordance with the recipe is determined. When the required value is reached, the screw feeders 16 are switched off. If necessary, additional enriching additives are added to the mixer 9 using the feeding device 17. After all the necessary components have been introduced into the mixer 9 in accordance with the specified recipe, they are mixed for a specified time; as a rule, the mixing time interval is 4-6 minutes. After mixing, the resulting mixture (loose compound feed) is unloaded from the mixer 9 using the feeding device 10 (screw conveyor) and fed into the hopper 3, located above the granulator 2. To achieve continuity of the production process, it is necessary to maintain a continuous supply of loose compound feed to the granulator 2. This is ensured by constantly feeding loose compound feed from the hopper 3 to the granulator 2. In this case, it is necessary to comply with the condition of equality of the masses of the compound feed fed by the mixer 9 located in the hopper 3 and processed by the granulator 2. That is, for the continuous operation of the granulator 2, it is necessary that the same amount of compound feed from the mixer 9 be continuously fed into the hopper 3 as is processed by the granulator 2. Since the horizontal mixer 9 is a batch mixer, the volume of the hopper 3 must exceed the volume of the mixer 9. In this case, there will always be loose compound feed in the hopper 3 until the a new portion by mixer 9 and loaded into hopper 3. In this case, before starting granulator 2, hopper 3 must be filled with loose compound feed. Thus, due to the presence of hopper 3 above granulator 2 with a volume exceeding the volume of mixer 9, a continuous supply of loose compound feed to granulator 2 is ensured, and, consequently, the continuity of the production process. The placement of hopper 3 above granulator 2 ensures a continuous supply of loose compound feed directly to the dispenser of granulator 2 without the use of an additional moving device, namely, the movement from hopper 3 to granulator 2 is carried out by gravity. Thus, a continuous supply of loose compound feed from hopper 3 to granulator 2 is carried out.

The use of a moving device 10 (for example, a screw conveyor, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2) in the process line ensures efficient movement of loose compound feed. From the bin 3, the loose compound feed is dosed into the granulator 2. In the granulator 2, it is pressed under pressure when steam is supplied. Hot and relatively soft granules from the granulator 2 enter the moving device 11 (for example, belt conveyors), which moves them into the cooling column 4. In the cooling column 4, under the action of moving cold air, the granules are cooled, excess moisture is removed from them, as a result of which the required moisture content of the granules is achieved, and additional hardness is acquired. From the cooling column 4, the granules are moved by a moving device 12 (for example, a belt conveyor) into the finished product bin 5 for storage. Belt conveyors are mainly used as moving devices 11 and 12 for moving granules, which allows maintaining the integrity of the finished granulated compound feed, since granules are not destroyed on conveyors of this type.

The known module for preparing loose compound feed RU 2802579 "Device for preparing loose compound feed", IPC A23N 17/00, published 08/30/2023 contains four bins mounted on a metal frame. The use of the known module for preparing loose compound feed in a process line for preparing granulated compound feed makes it possible to increase the continuity of the production process for preparing granulated compound feed, since it makes it possible to pre-prepare a larger volume of the necessary initial components of the compound feed. In this case, the components from the bins 7 are continuously fed to the mixer 9, and there is no need to interrupt the operation of the mixer by grinding the necessary components.

The recipe for the prepared loose feed is limited, accordingly, to four main components. The presence of the feeder 17 allows for the feeding of additional enriching components into the horizontal mixer 9 during mixing, which ensures the continuity of the production process for the preparation of granulated compound feed.

The automatic control system allows the production process of granulated compound feed to be implemented without human intervention, observing all technological modes, thereby ensuring the continuity of the production process of preparing granulated compound feed and increasing productivity.

Claims (3)

1. A process line for preparing granulated compound feed, characterized in that it includes a sequentially connected module for preparing loose compound feed, including a metal frame on which four bins are installed for accumulating compound feed components, connected for filling with one or more pneumatic crushers, and for unloading coupled with a horizontal mixer installed in the lower part of the frame, a storage bin with a volume exceeding the volume of the horizontal mixer, a granulator, a cooling column and a finished product bin, wherein the storage bin is installed above the granulator. 2. The process line according to item 1, characterized in that it contains a feed device for introducing additional enrichment components into the horizontal mixer. 3. The technological line according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it contains an automatic control system.