RU2838548C1 - Method of increasing yield of spring wheat - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of increasing yield of spring wheat involves introduction of granulated natural glauconite with grain size of 2.5⋅10^-3 into soil for presowing cultivation in amount of 2 t/ha in combination with nitrogen fertilizers N₆₀ kg of active agent per hectare, and in the tillering phase, foliar treatment is carried out by spraying with a nanostructured water-glauconite suspension with concentration of 0.125%.

EFFECT: proposed method for increasing crop capacity of spring wheat provides for increasing fertility of arable land, increasing efficiency of using mineral fertilizers, increasing yield and improving quality of grain.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture in farming, plant growing and can be used to increase the productivity of agricultural crops, in particular spring wheat.

There are known methods for increasing the yield of agricultural crops by adding organic and/or mineral fertilizers and pesticides to the soil to the depth of the plant’s root system [1].

The disadvantage of the known methods is the relatively high cost of the fertilizers and pesticides used and their environmental hazard: agricultural products contain substances harmful to human and animal health: nitrates, nitrites (derived from nitrogen fertilizers), pesticides, and excess potassium and phosphorus.

These shortcomings are eliminated to a certain extent by adding natural zeolite in the form of granules measuring 10 3-5.10 ^-3 m in the amount of 7.5-10 t/ha to the soil at the depth of the plant root system along with organic or mineral fertilizers [2]. Granules of natural zeolite, being prolongators of fertilizers and pesticides for up to 5 years, lead to savings of fertilizers and pesticides by ~80%, do not allow them to be washed out of the soil by rain and irrigation water, block the entry of nitrates, nitrites, pesticides, excess amounts of potassium and phosphorus, as well as all harmful substances into agricultural products, increase crop yields, reduce vegetative ripening periods, extend fruiting periods, increase the content of nutrients and vitamins in products, increase soil moisture capacity, increase frost resistance and drought resistance of plants. The disadvantage of the known methods is the high cost of inputs and insufficiently high yields of agricultural crops.

A complex granular fertilizer is known that contains mineral components, which are enriched natural mineral glauconite and mineral fertilizers, and additionally contains bentonite, diatomite, and water as mineral components. Organic fertilizers with a moisture content of no more than 95% act as an organic component. All components are taken at a certain ratio. The methods for producing this complex granular fertilizer include mixing mineral components or mineral and organic components, granulation, drying the granules with air, and subsequent packaging in moisture-proof consumer packaging [3]. The disadvantage of this method is the need to grind several minerals and mineral fertilizers before preparing the fertilizer, as well as the absence of growth stimulants (betaines) in it.

A method for increasing the yield of agricultural crops is known, which consists in introducing organic and/or mineral fertilizers into the soil to the depth of the plant's root system; introducing natural zeolite in the form of a powder with a particle size of 10 ^-3 -10 ^-6 m in the amount of 2-5 t/ha into the soil; creating a potential difference of a constant electric field of 1.5-35 V on the soil along the depth of the plant's root system, which is taken as a prototype [4]. The technical result of using the method is a reduction in the cost of inputs, an increase in the yield of agricultural products by 40-50%.

The disadvantage of the prototype method is the insufficiently high yield of agricultural crops when it is used.

The technical result of the proposed invention is an increase in the yield of spring grains, namely wheat, when using it.

The specified technical result is achieved by introducing granulated natural glauconite of 2.5⋅10 ^- 3 in the amount of 2 t/ha into the soil for pre-sowing cultivation, in combination with nitrogen fertilizers N ₆₀ kg active ingredient per ha. Foliar treatments are carried out by spraying a nanostructured water-glauconite suspension (NWGS) with a concentration of 0.125% in the tillering phase of spring wheat.

Results of field experiments

The object of research is spring soft wheat of the Yoldyz variety.

Experimental scheme:

1. Natural background (control).

2. Natural glauconite 2 t/ha.

3.N ₆₀ kg active ingredient/ha + natural glauconite 1 t/ha.

4. N ₆₀ kg active ingredient/ha + natural glauconite 2 t/ha.

5. N ₆₀ kg active ingredient/ha + natural glauconite 1 t/ha + foliar treatments

(0.125%).

6. N ₆₀ kg active ingredient/ha + natural glauconite 2 t/ha + foliar treatments

(0.125%).

The total area of the experiment is 510.6 ^m2 , the accounting area of the experiment is 388.8 ^m2 , the plot area is 14.4 ^m2 (width - 1.2 m, length - 12 m). The placement of the plots is renodomestic, the repetition in the experiment is fourfold. The agricultural technology of spring wheat cultivation is generally accepted for the Predkama zone of the Republic of Tatarstan. Meteorological conditions during the growing season were less favorable for the growth and development of spring wheat - GTK - 0.8.

The results of the yield assessment are presented in Table 1.

Table 1 - Yield of spring wheat using glauconite-containing species, t/ha, 2023.

Option Yield, t/ha Increase in yield t/ha % 1 2 3 4 Control (natural background) PG*, 2 t/ha
N ₆₀ + PG, 1 t/ha 2.40
2.66
2.74 0.26
0.34 10.8
14.2 1 2 3 4 N ₆₀ + PG, 2 t/ha
N ₆₀ + PG, 1 t/ha + non-root treatments (NGVS**-0.125%)
N ₆₀ + PG, 2 t/ha + foliar treatments (NGVS-0.125%) 3.06
2.76
3.08 0.66
0.36
0.68 27.5
15.0
28.3 NSR ₀₅ 0.14

Note: * PG – natural glauconite, ** NGVS – nanostructured water-glauconite suspension.

The use of natural glauconite in various combinations contributes to a reliable increase in yield with control. The highest yield was obtained with the introduction of glauconite at a rate of 2 t/ha in combination with nitrogen fertilizer 60 kg active ingredient/ha, the increase to the control was 0.66 t/ha.

List of references

1. Korolev A.N. The influence of chemical ameliorants and organic fertilizers on the yield of agricultural crops / A.N. Korolev, E.N. Kuzin // Grain farming – 2007. - No. 6. - P.19-20.

2. Boroshenko V.P., Zinkovich E.P., et al. Efficiency of application of zeolite tuff (pegasin) on different types of soils in conditions of Kemerovo region. Collection of abstracts of the All-Russian conference on application of 20 zeolites in national economy. Novosibirsk: SNIGM, 1997. - P.78-79.

3. Patent 2626630 C RF, IPC C05G 1/00, C05G 3/00. Complex granular fertilizer (variants) and method for its production (variants) / Serzhantov V.G., Serzhantov V.V. Applicant and patent holder: Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "State Agrarian University" (VO Kazan SAU). No. 2016149271; declared 14.12.2016; published 31.07.2017, bulletin 22.

4. Patent for invention RU No. 2261576, IPC A01C21/00. Method for increasing crop yields / Khudyakov A.V. (RU), Sukhotina E.A., Klevaichuk N.I. et al.; Applicant and patent holder: State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Ulyanovsk State Technical University". 2004108657/12; declared 23.03.2004; published 10.10.2005.

Claims (1)

A method for increasing the yield of spring wheat, characterized by the fact that granulated natural glauconite with a granule size of 2.5⋅10 ^-3 is introduced into the soil for pre-sowing cultivation in the amount of 2 t/ha in combination with nitrogen fertilizers N ₆₀ kg active ingredient per hectare and in the tillering phase, foliar treatment is carried out by spraying with a nanostructured water-glauconite suspension with a concentration of 0.125%.