RU2837188C1 - Textile formwork - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of construction, in particular to means for providing reliable and durable protection of erected hydraulic, hydrological facilities, as well as prevention of processes of weakening of soils of the coastline due to erosion and strengthening of soils on slopes. Disclosed is a textile formwork consisting of two synthetic fabric webs connected to each other, forming a shell which is filled with a concrete mixture, with at least one hole. At the same time on the side of the cloth, which is in the place of connection of two cloths, the substrate is made along the whole length. In the upper part of the shell there is a bend which is stitched with the main cloth, leaving at least one hole for pouring the concrete mixture. Substrate is made with width such that next layer of formwork is completely or partially laid on substrate of previous layer of formwork with possibility of their connection by means of zipper, textile fastener or loops.

EFFECT: elimination of the cause of mismatch of connection between canvases and improvement of operation reliability due to creation of a single structure of slope coating.

8 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, in particular to means for ensuring reliable and durable protection of hydraulic engineering, hydrological, industrial, civil, military construction projects, preventing processes of weakening of coastal soils due to erosion caused by water currents, the impact of coastal waves, exogenous processes, strengthening soils on slopes and embankments to prevent their landslide, which can be used in areas with complex terrain.

A technical solution is known Flexible mat, patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 102222, published on 20.02.2011, which contains blocks connected to each other by at least one rope, wherein each of the mat blocks is made in the form of a polygonal volumetric body formed by two truncated pyramids - an upper pyramid and a lower pyramid, each of which has one smaller base and a common conditional larger base with the adjacent pyramid, wherein the height of the upper pyramid does not exceed the height of the lower pyramid, and the smaller base of the lower pyramid has a greater degree of roughness compared to the smaller upper base. The technical result achieved by using the technical solution consists in ensuring the overall flexibility of the mat by making its blocks in the form of volumetric bodies composed of truncated pyramids, the thickness of which decreases from a larger conventional base to smaller ones, and connecting them with at least one flexible rope, which allows the blocks to rotate freely relative to each other together with the flexible ropes, also allowing small displacements of the mat blocks in height, while simultaneously ensuring increased adhesion (mechanical adhesion) of the lower parts of the blocks to the bottom by increasing the surface area and making the lower edge rough, which, among other things, ensures the stability of the mat as a whole and the absence of its displacements and vibrations under the action of variable and constant movements of water masses - underwater currents of the tides, ebbs, terrain slope, etc.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the complexity and labor intensity of manufacturing the blocks and the coating itself, due to the need to use special equipment for manufacturing the blocks.

A technical solution is known, patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2129635, published on 27.04.1999. A universal flexible protective concrete coating, which contains concrete blocks connected to each other in rows and in rows using cables. The blocks are made in the form of double-sided truncated pyramids with rectangular bases. Notches are made at the ends of the blocks. The area of the notch opening should be greater than half the area of the end of the block. Nylon ropes monolithic in the blocks are used as cables. The distance L between adjacent blocks is determined by the dependence L≥0.5dk (tgα+1/cosα), where dk is the cable diameter; α is the angle of inclination of the block edge. This design of the coating ensures ease of manufacture of blocks and the coating itself, its high flexibility and reliable adhesion to the ground, as well as the versatility of the coating due to the ability to form arches and surfaces of various configurations. The covering blocks are fastened together during their manufacture by embedding cables in concrete blocks, preferably nylon ropes. In the peripheral blocks or between adjacent peripheral blocks, mounting loops are made from the same cable (rope). Thus, a flexible web of concrete blocks connected to each other by a flexible connection is assembled.

The disadvantage of the proposed technical solution is the high labor intensity of manufacturing the coating.

A slope covering is known (patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2592104, published on July 20, 2016), including concrete blocks formed by pumping a self-compacting concrete mixture through slits into the space of water-permeable sheets sewn together along the perimeter, having flexible vertical connections in the form of woven tapes no more than 5 mm wide, located between the upper and lower sheets, arranged by through stitching of these sheets with tapes, providing the required shape to the concrete blocks and preventing the rupture of the sheets under the pressure of the injected concrete, with lintels located between the concrete blocks, having vertical connections, and filter elements located in the lintels at the corners of the concrete blocks, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with flexible inclined connections, internal reinforcing elements, damping layers and a filter cloth made of a water-permeable material, wherein each flexible inclined tie is connected at one end to the upper cloth at the junction of the flexible vertical tie, and at the other end to the lower cloth at the junction of the adjacent flexible vertical tie, internal reinforcing elements in the form of flexible ropes are placed inside the body of each concrete block between the flexible vertical ties and extend along the entire length of the slope covering, damping layers made of elastic porous material in the form of flexible cloths are located under the concrete blocks without overlapping the filter elements and jumpers and are attached to the filter cloth located on the surface of the slope being protected.

The closest technical solution (prototype) is the Geotextile cementing shell and the method of its manufacture (patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2632887, published on 11.10.2017). A design is proposed consisting of two high-strength synthetic fabric sheets connected to each other, for example, by stitching, forming a shell, which is then filled with a concrete mixture. With the help of concrete placed in the shell, it is a three-dimensional structure made of polymeric materials, divided into sectors. In this case, the geotextile cementing shell is made closed and hollow, has a wavy uniform cross-section, this is achieved by quilting two sheets and stitching them along the perimeter. The structure is made of polyester textile fabric with a surface density of at least 280 g/ ^m2 , with a linear thread density of at least 87 tex, with at least one opening made on the front side of the device, with a valve installed in the opening using the sewing method.

The proposed design of the geotextile cementing shell has low reliability of slope covering, since the shells laid in rows diverge at the junction due to uneven terrain, as well as under the action of gravity. The specified defect is shown in Fig. 1.

In addition, there are shortcomings in the design of the declared valve, due to its insufficient tightness when pouring concrete mixture and the tightness of the hose to the walls of the valve.

The technical result of the claimed invention consists in eliminating the cause of the divergence of the connection between the sheets and increasing the reliability of operation by creating a single structure for covering the slopes, as well as in a modified design and location of the opening for filling the textile formwork with concrete mixture.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the textile formwork, consisting of two high-strength synthetic fabric sheets connected to each other, for example, by stitching, forming a shell, which is subsequently filled with concrete mixture, with at least one opening made, characterized in that on the side of the sheet, located at the junction of the two sheets, a backing made of the same or another synthetic fabric is made along the entire length, including the use of non-woven material is allowed, in the upper part of the shell a bend is made, which is stitched with the main sheet, leaving at least one opening for pouring concrete mixture, in which a pocket with excess fabric is formed. The backing is sewn to the main sheet, along the lower edge of the bend. The width of the backing should be at least 10 cm and no more than the width of the adjacent sheet, which is laid on the backing. The location of the backing changes depending on the direction of laying. The bend at the top of the formwork should be no less than 5 cm and no more than 30 cm.

The essence of the invention is explained by the drawings:

Fig. 1 - external appearance of the device (middle of the web);

Fig. 2 - external view of the device (upper edge of the web);

Fig. 3 - filling the device with concrete mixture using a hose;

Fig. 4 - photo of a defect that occurs during the installation of textile formwork.

Where 1 is the shell (layer); 2 is the backing; 3 is the fold; 4 is the bottom edge; 5 is the hole; 6 is the seam; 7 is the pocket; 8 is the hose; 9 is the excess fabric.

The laying of the layers of textile formwork 1 begins from the upper part of the slope. The substrate 2 proposed in the design is not filled with concrete mixture. The subsequent layer 1 of textile formwork is laid on the substrate 2 so that the subsequent layer 1 is fully or partially laid on the substrate 2 of the previous layer 1 with the possibility of connecting them in any way, for example, using a zipper, textile fastener, loops and other types of connections.

After this, layer 1 is filled with concrete mixture. Under the action of gravity and friction forces, reliable adhesion occurs at the junction of individual layers of the formwork. After the concrete mixture hardens, a reliable covering of the slopes occurs due to an increase in the contact area of the surfaces of the layers with each other. To fill the textile formwork with concrete mixture, at least one opening is made in the upper seam, formed as follows: the upper edge of the textile formwork is made with a bend 3, the width of which is 5-30 cm. The mentioned bend 3, in the place of the lower edge 4, is stitched with the main web with a seam 6, leaving at least one opening 5. Such an opening 5 forms a pocket 7, which functions as follows. When pouring concrete mixture, the mixture is fed into layer 1 using hose 8. Hose 8 is immersed in the formed opening, for this, the formed pocket 7 is moved apart manually, thanks to excess fabric 9, formed by bend 3, hose 8 fits tightly to the walls of pocket 7, eliminating leakage of concrete mixture and uncontrolled movement of hose 8 itself. After the concrete mixture fills the shell in the required volume, hose 8 is removed, the edges of bend 3 are straightened, thereby organizing a self-closing locking element.

Claims (8)

1. Textile formwork consisting of two synthetic fabric sheets connected to each other, forming a shell that is filled with concrete mixture, with at least one opening made, characterized in that on the side of the sheet located at the junction of the two sheets, a backing is made along the entire length, and in the upper part of the shell a bend is made, which is stitched with the main sheet, leaving at least one opening for pouring concrete mixture, while the backing is made with a width such that the subsequent layer of formwork is completely or partially laid on the backing of the previous layer of formwork with the possibility of connecting them using a zipper, textile fastener or loops. 2. Textile formwork according to item 1, characterized in that the backing is sewn to the main fabric. 3. Textile formwork according to item 1, characterized in that the backing is made of the same fabric as the sheet itself. 4. Textile formwork according to item 1, characterized in that the location of the substrate changes depending on the direction of laying. 5. Textile formwork according to item 1, characterized in that the bend in the upper part of the shell must be no less than 5 cm and no more than 30 cm. 6. Textile formwork according to item 1, characterized in that the synthetic fabric sheets are connected to each other by stitching. 7. Textile formwork according to item 1, characterized in that the opening formed in the bend of the upper part of the shell forms a pocket. 8. Textile formwork according to item 7, characterized in that the pocket in its structure is formed by excess fabric.