RU2837060C1 - Method of electroslag welding with electrodes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: performing operations.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to combined methods of electroslag welding. Method of electroslag welding with electrodes is characterized by the fact that the electrode supply units are adjusted, the feed rate of two straight wire electrodes and two spiral electrodes is set from 50 m/h to 150 m/h throughout the welding process; adjusting the winding units, setting the spiral pitch of 180 mm, adjusting the inner diameter of spiral to 7 mm and the outer diameter of spiral to 13 mm, winding the spiral electrodes around the straight wire electrodes; filling U-shaped welding pocket with metal chips and flux, wherein flux is filled on top of metal chips; spiral and straight wire electrodes are fed into the mouthpiece, wherein the spiral electrodes extend closely to the current-carrying bars of the mouthpiece; welding nozzle is introduced into seam preparation between welded structures; pressing water-cooled copper sliders to joint preparation and supplying water cooling for sliders through water supply device; voltage of 20-50 V and current of 100-600 A are applied to the electrodes through the cable to the current supply bus and then to the copper current-carrying bus of the mouthpiece, wherein the electrodes are immersed in the flux, touching the chips at the bottom of the pocket when the voltage is switched on; welding process is started, while welding process is carried out from bottom to top; slide lead plates and U-shaped welding pocket are cut off.

EFFECT: acceleration of welding process.

9 cl, 8 dwg, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to combined methods of electroslag welding [B23K 28/02; B23K 25/00].

The prior art discloses a METHOD OF ELECTROSLAG WELDING AND SURFACING [SU 759270, published. 30.08.1980], which is a method of electroslag welding and surfacing with a large-section consumable electrode, including preliminary application of an electrically insulating slag-forming coating to the side surface of the electrode and installation of the coated electrode between the forming cooled and welded parts, characterized in that in order to improve the quality of the deposited metal, increase stability and improve the energy characteristics of the electroslag process, reduce erosion of the forming cooled parts, coatings with different melting temperatures are applied to different parts of the side surface of the electrode, wherein a coating with a melting temperature higher than the melting temperature of the electrode metal is applied to the part of the side surface of the electrode located during the welding process opposite the forming cooled parts, and a coating with a melting temperature lower than the melting temperature of the electrode metal is applied to the part of the side surface of the electrode located during the welding process opposite the melted edges of the welded parts.

The disadvantages of the analogue are the low speed of the welding process, the use of one electrode, the absence of a conductive nozzle, and the absence of horizontal and vertical mixing.

Also known from the prior art is a METHOD OF LASER-ELECTRO-SLAG WELDING [RU 2447980, published 10.12.2011], which pertains to a hybrid method of laser welding, namely laser-electro-slag welding, and can be used in mechanical engineering for the production of welded structures with a large thickness of the welded edges. A slag and metal pool are induced. They are held in a space limited by copper forming plates and the welded edges of the seam. The slag, filler wire or consumable plate electrode, weld metal and welded edges are heated by heat released when an electric current passes between the electrode and the weld metal through the molten slag. A laser beam is fed to the surface of the slag bath with a uniform intensity of laser power distribution over the entire surface of the weld pool mirror, while simultaneously increasing the feed rate of the filler wire or melting plate electrode.

The disadvantages of the analogue are the low speed of the welding process, the absence of a conductive nozzle, the absence of horizontal and vertical mixing, and the use of one electrode.

The closest analogue in technical essence is the METHOD OF ELECTROSLAG WELDING [SU 224730, published 12.08.1968], which is a method of electroslag welding with a non-consumable electrode with an electrically insulated side surface and with the supply of filler material, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of welding, two non-consumable electrodes located opposite each other are introduced into the slag bath parallel to its surface.

The main disadvantages of the prototype are low welding speed, the use of two non-filler electrodes, the absence of a conductive nozzle, the absence of horizontal and vertical mixing, and the use of one electrode.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the shortcomings of the prototype.

The technical result of the invention consists in accelerating the welding process and improving the strength characteristics of the seam.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method of electroslag welding with a spiral electrode includes the following stages:

- adjust the electrode feed units, set the feed speed of two straight wire electrodes and two spiral electrodes from 50 m/h to 150 m/h throughout the entire welding process;

- adjust the winding units, set the spiral pitch to 180 mm, adjust the inner diameter of the spiral to 7 mm and the outer diameter of the spiral to 13 mm, the spiral electrodes are wound around straight wire electrodes;

- fill the U-shaped welding pocket with metal shavings and flux, while the flux is poured on top of the metal shavings;

- feed spiral and straight wire electrodes into the mouthpiece, with the spiral electrodes going close to the current-carrying busbars of the mouthpiece;

- insert the welding nozzle into the seam preparation between the structures to be welded;

- press water-cooled copper sliders against the weld joint and supply water cooling to the sliders through a water supply device;

- apply a voltage of 20 V - 50 V and a current of 100 A - 600 A to the electrodes through a cable to the current-supplying busbar and then to the copper current-carrying busbar of the mouthpiece, while the electrodes are immersed in the flux, touching the chips at the bottom of the pocket with the voltage turned on;

- the welding process begins, and the welding process is carried out from the bottom up;

- cut off the slider's output plates and the U-shaped welding pocket.

In particular, a two-component non-melting nozzle with a thickness of 18 mm is used for welding, each component of which consists of a copper current-carrying busbar and a steel busbar that performs a frame function, while the copper current-carrying busbar is made in segments and secured with copper pins to the steel busbar with two pins per segment and is equipped with contacts for transmitting voltage to the electrodes, and the components of the nozzle themselves are located above and below the electrodes.

In particular, the flux supply channel is attached to the mouthpiece.

In particular, water-cooled copper sliders are used for welding, consisting of water-cooled plates with an opening for fixing in a clamping mechanism to the weld bevel, while the plates themselves are divided into upper and lower parts, and cooling supply devices, while cooling water circulates inside the water-cooled plates, the plates themselves are fastened together with hinge strips to ensure mobility and fastening bolts and have clay channels through which clay is supplied in the presence of welding material leaks.

In particular, spiral electrodes are round wires with a diameter of 3 mm, twisted into a spiral.

In particular, spiral electrodes are flat strips 60 mm wide and 1 mm thick, twisted into a spiral.

In particular, a multi-component unit is used for feeding and winding the electrodes, which has in its design a protective casing, feeding mechanisms for straight wire electrodes, feeding mechanisms for spiral electrodes, mechanisms for winding spiral electrodes, a mouthpiece holder and guides for spiral electrodes, wherein inside the unit the spiral electrodes enter the straight wire electrodes and wind around them, and subsequently the spiral of one spiral electrode enters the spiral of the second spiral electrode and the rotation of both spiral electrodes continues in the form of a double spiral.

In particular, two spiral and two straight wire electrodes are used during welding.

In particular, one spiral and one straight wire electrode are used during welding.

In particular, all electrodes are current-carrying with a single voltage.

Brief description of the drawings:

Fig. 1 shows a general view of the welding process using the proposed method; the electrode feeders are located one after the other in the same plane.

Fig. 2 shows a mouthpiece with one spiral electrode in cross section.

Fig. 3 shows a cross-section of a mouthpiece with two spiral electrodes and two feed electrodes.

Fig. 4 shows the electrode feed unit.

Fig. 5 shows the position of the spiral electrode inside the mouthpiece.

Fig. 6 shows the entry of electrodes in the nozzle to the welding site and the welding process in the weld preparation.

Fig. 7 shows a water-cooled copper slider.

Fig. 8 shows a section of a water-cooled copper slider.

The following are indicated on the figures: 1 - wire feed mechanism, 2 - spiral winding mechanism, 3 - wire spiral electrode, 4 - nozzle attachment point, 5 - nozzle, 6 - voltage supply cable to the electrodes, 7 - current-supply busbar, 8 - terminal strips, 9 - welded product, 10 - dry electrode extension, 11 - slag pool, 12 - melting metal, 13 - weld seam, 14 - slider cooling feed device, 15 - welding pocket, 16 - steel nozzle busbar, 17 - copper current-carrying nozzle busbar, 18 - first spiral electrode, 19 - first straight electrode, 20 - end of spiral electrode, 21 - second spiral electrode, 22 - second straight electrode, 23 - feed mechanism for the first wire electrode, 24 - a feed mechanism for the second wire electrode, 25 - a feed mechanism for the first spiral electrode, 26 - a mechanism for winding the first spiral electrode into a spiral, 27 - a feed mechanism for the second spiral electrode, 28 - a mechanism for winding the second spiral electrode into a spiral, 29 - an electrode guide, 30 - an entry of the spiral electrodes onto the straight electrodes, 31 - a mouthpiece holder, 32 - a protective casing, 33 - a water-cooled copper slider, 34 - copper pins, 35 - contacts to the straight electrode, 36 - an end of a copper busbar segment, 37 - a slider plate, 38 - an opening for securing the slider, 39 - hinge strips, 40 - fastening bolts, 41 - a nipple for fastening the water supply hose, 42 - a channel for clay, 43 - a flux supply channel.

Implementation of the invention

The welding process is arcless, the nozzle (5) is non-consumable, the welding itself is based on the surfacing principle and is carried out from the bottom up. Welding is carried out using a spiral electrode (3, 18, 21). It is permissible to use either a single spiral electrode or spiral electrodes (3, 18, 21) in combination with straight wire electrodes (19, 22). As spiral electrodes (3, 18, 21), it is permissible to use flat strip electrodes 60 mm wide and 1 mm thick, twisted into a spiral with a step of 180 mm for greater efficiency. A non-consumable detachable nozzle (5) is used for welding. The nozzle (5) consists of two components, the components are located above and below the electrodes. Each component consists of two buses - a steel (16) and a copper current-carrying (17) busbar. The copper current-carrying busbar (17) is made in segments, the ends of the segments (36) are in contact with each other. The nozzle (5) directs the electrodes (3, 18, 21, 19, 22) to the welding site and supplies voltage to them. In the nozzle, the spiral electrodes (3, 18, 21) go close to the copper current-carrying buses (17). The steel busbar (16) performs a frame function and the current-carrying copper busbar (17) is fixed to it with copper pins (34), two pairs for each segment of the busbar. Also, the current-carrying copper busbar (17) is provided with contacts (35) for transmitting voltage to the electrodes (3, 18, 21, 19, 22). The nozzle (5) itself is subject to repair and is suitable for other types of welding work, including those carried out in other environments. The thickness of the mouthpiece is 18 mm. Also attached to the mouthpiece (5) is a flux feed channel (43), which directs the flux to the weld bevel (13) between the welded structures.

The slider (33) is represented by several copper water-cooled plates (37) and a cooling supply device (41), and is also provided with a hole for fastening (38). The slider (33) itself is designed to limit the welding area and prevent spillage of molten welding material, consists of two parts - upper and lower. Water circulates inside the entire slider (33). If there are leaks, the leak is sealed with clay through the clay channels (42). To hold the slider plates (37) together, fastening bolts (40) and hinge strips (39) are used. Also, the hinge strips (39) provide flexibility of the slider.

To feed electrodes for welding, a multi-component unit is used, which has in its design a protective casing (32) for preserving the components of the unit and protecting the operator; a feed mechanism for the first straight wire electrode (23) and a feed mechanism for the second straight wire electrode (24), feeding the electrodes (19, 22) to the welding site through a nozzle; a feed mechanism for the first spiral electrode (25) and a feed mechanism for the second spiral electrode (27), feeding the spiral electrodes (3, 18, 21) to the mechanism for winding the first spiral electrode (26) into a spiral and to the mechanism for winding the second spiral electrode (28) into a spiral, both mechanisms are subject to adjustment to a spiral pitch of 180 mm; two electrode guides (29) for guiding the spiral electrodes (3, 18, 21) to the straight wire electrodes. The unit is also provided with a nozzle holder (31). Inside the mechanism, the spiral electrodes (3, 18, 21) are wound around the straight wire electrodes (19, 22) at the entry point (30). The winding occurs in such a way that the first spiral electrode (18) enters the first straight wire electrode (19), the second spiral electrode (21) winds around the second straight wire electrode (22) and subsequently enters the first spiral electrode (18), and the rotation of both electrodes continues in the form of a double spiral. The winding is carried out in such a way that the end of the spiral electrode (20) does not extend beyond the outer diameter of the spiral.

- When preparing the process, the welding electrode feed units (1) and winding units (2, 26, 28) are adjusted. Preparation of the winding units (2, 26, 28) consists of adjusting the spiral pitch to 180 mm and adjusting the outer diameter of the spiral to 13 mm and the inner diameter to 7 mm. The nozzle (5) is set and secured in the place where the nozzle (4) is attached. A spiral electrode (3, 19, 22) is fed into it, having a translational and rotary motion. The diameter of the electrodes is 3 mm.

- Metal shavings are poured onto the bottom of the U-shaped welding pocket (15) and flux is placed on top of it. The pocket itself is cut off after the work is completed together with the terminal strips (8).

- Forming strips - sliders (33) and a device for supplying cooling water (14) are installed in the clamping mechanism at the edges of the welded structures (9). The nozzle (5) is inserted into the groove of the future seam, between the welded blanks (9).

- Voltage is supplied via the voltage supply cable to the electrodes (6) via the current-supply busbar (7) to the copper current-carrying busbar (17) of the nozzle. Coming out of the nozzle (5) under electric voltage, the electrodes (3, 18, 21, 19, 22) are slowly immersed in the flux, touching the chips at the bottom of the U-shaped welding pocket (15) with the voltage on. An electric arc is ignited, which melts the flux and chips, a slag pool (11) is formed and shunts the arc.

- The heat generated melts the electrode (3, 18, 21, 19, 22) and the edges of the weld bevel, they enter the melting metal (12) and become part of the weld (13), which increases the melting of the edges in height. During welding, the nozzle (5) does not touch the slag bath and has a dry extension (10) of 60 mm. Due to the presence of translational-rotational movements when feeding the electrodes (3, 18, 21, 19, 22), the contents of the slag bath (11) are constantly mixed vertically and horizontally. This promotes uniform temperature distribution and creates a fine-grained structure of the weld (13) of the metal.

The spiral electrode itself is also applicable for electrogas welding. Under the influence of heat produced by the welding arc, the electrode and edges of the product melt and flow into the cavity, thus forming a seam. The molten metal crystallizes in the direction from the bottom up, thereby connecting the welded parts together. In order to protect the weld pool from the effects of atmospheric air, a protective gas or flux-containing flux-cored wire is used, due to the melting of which a gas is released that protects the arc. The electrode is delivered to the welding zone by a nozzle used in this method.

The method is applicable for mechanical engineering, in the chemical industry and nuclear engineering.

The spiral electrode itself is also applicable for arc welding. When several welding electrodes come into contact with the welded product, welding current flows. Under the influence of the heat of the electric arc, the edges of the welded parts and the electrode metal melt, forming a weld pool, which remains in a molten state for some time. In the weld pool, the metal of the electrodes mixes with the molten metal of the product, and the molten slag floats to the surface, forming a protective film. When the metal solidifies, a welded joint is formed. The energy required to form and maintain an electric arc is obtained from special DC or AC power sources. The advantage of using several spiral electrodes is, based on the high speed of the welding process, the formation of a weld structure close to the metal of the welded structures.

Before starting work, adjust the welding electrode feed unit, set the feed rate of straight wire electrodes and spiral electrodes to 60 m/hour. Set the spiral pitch for spiral electrodes at the winding units to 180 mm, the outer and inner diameters of the spiral to 7 mm and 13 mm, respectively, while winding is carried out so that the spiral electrodes are wound around the straight wire electrodes. Depending on the volume of work performed, determine the number of electrodes used - two straight wire electrodes and two spiral electrodes, or one straight wire electrode and one spiral electrode. Also, depending on the volume of work performed, determine the shape of the spiral electrodes - a round wire with a diameter of 3 mm, curled into a spiral, or a flat metal tape with a thickness of 1 mm and a width of 60 mm, curled into a spiral. Next, fill the U-shaped welding pocket with metal shavings and flux, and pour the flux on top of the metal shavings. The spiral electrodes and straight wire electrodes are fed into the nozzle, with the spiral electrodes going close to the current-carrying buses of the nozzle. The welding nozzle is inserted into the joint between the welded structures in such a way that the dry extension of the nozzle is 60 mm. Then, water-cooled copper sliders are installed in the clamping mechanism in the joint section and water cooling is supplied to the sliders through the water supply device. Next, voltage is applied to the electrodes through the current-carrying busbar to the copper current-carrying busbar of the nozzle and the electrodes are immersed in the flux so that they touch the chips at the bottom of the pocket with the voltage turned on. The welding process is started, with welding being carried out from the bottom up with a constant supply of new flux through the flux supply channel fixed on the nozzle. After the welding process is completed, the slider lead-out plates and the U-shaped welding pocket are cut off.

Application of the method in electroslag welding of low-carbon steel plates

Before starting work, adjust the welding electrode feed unit, set the feed rate of straight wire electrodes and spiral electrodes to 70 m/hour. Set the spiral pitch for spiral electrodes at the winding units to 180 mm, the outer and inner diameters of the spiral to 7 mm and 13 mm, respectively, while winding is carried out so that the end of the spiral electrode does not go beyond the outer diameter of the spiral and the spiral electrodes are wound around the straight wire electrodes. In this case, 4 electrodes are used - 2 straight wire electrodes and 2 spiral electrodes. In this case, the spiral electrodes are represented by flat metal strips 1 mm thick and 60 mm wide, twisted into a spiral. Next, fill the U-shaped welding pocket with metal shavings and flux, and pour the flux on top of the metal shavings. The spiral electrodes and straight wire electrodes are fed into the nozzle, with the spiral electrodes going close to the current-carrying buses of the nozzle. The welding nozzle is inserted into the joint between the welded structures in such a way that the dry extension of the nozzle is 60 mm. Then, water-cooled copper sliders are installed in the clamping mechanism in the joint section and water cooling is supplied to the sliders through the water supply device. Next, voltage is applied to the electrodes through the current-carrying busbar to the copper current-carrying busbar of the nozzle and the electrodes are immersed in the flux so that they touch the chips at the bottom of the pocket with the voltage turned on. The welding process is started, with welding being carried out from the bottom up with a constant supply of new flux through the flux supply channel fixed on the nozzle. After the welding process is completed, the slider lead-out plates and the U-shaped welding pocket are cut off.

Application of the method in electroslag welding of structural steel plates

Before starting work, adjust the welding electrode feed unit, set the feed rate of straight wire electrodes and spiral electrodes to 60 m/hour. Set the spiral pitch for spiral electrodes at the winding units to 180 mm, the outer and inner diameters of the spiral to 7 mm and 13 mm, respectively, while winding is carried out so that the end of the spiral electrode does not go beyond the outer diameter of the spiral and the spiral electrodes are wound around the straight wire electrodes. In this case, 2 electrodes are used - one straight wire electrode and one spiral electrode. In this case, the spiral electrode is represented by a round wire with a diameter of 3 mm, twisted into a spiral. Next, fill the U-shaped welding pocket with metal shavings and flux, and pour the flux on top of the metal shavings. The spiral electrode and the straight wire electrode are fed into the nozzle, with the spiral electrode close to the current-carrying busbars of the nozzle. The welding nozzle is inserted into the weld groove between the structures to be welded so that the dry extension of the nozzle is 60 mm. Then, water-cooled copper sliders are installed in the clamping mechanism in the weld section and water cooling is supplied to the sliders through the water supply device. Next, voltage is applied to the electrodes through the current-carrying busbar to the copper current-carrying busbar of the nozzle and the electrodes are immersed in the flux so that they touch the chips at the bottom of the pocket when the voltage is on. The welding process is started, with welding being performed from the bottom up with a constant supply of new flux through the flux supply channel fixed on the nozzle. Upon completion of the welding process, the slider lead-out plates and the U-shaped welding pocket are cut off.

Demonstration of technical result

The technical result of the invention consists in accelerating the welding process and improving the strength characteristics of the seam.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method of electroslag welding with a spiral electrode includes the following stages:

- adjust the electrode feed units, set the feed speed of two straight wire electrodes and two spiral electrodes from 50 m/h to 150 m/h throughout the entire welding process;

- adjust the winding units, set the spiral pitch to 180 mm, adjust the inner diameter of the spiral to 7 mm and the outer diameter of the spiral to 13 mm, the spiral electrodes are wound around straight wire electrodes;

- fill the U-shaped welding pocket with metal shavings and flux, while the flux is poured on top of the metal shavings;

- feed spiral and straight wire electrodes into the mouthpiece, with the spiral electrodes going close to the current-carrying busbars of the mouthpiece;

- insert the welding nozzle into the seam preparation between the structures to be welded;

- water-cooled copper sliders are installed in the clamping mechanism in the weld bevel and water cooling is supplied to the sliders through the water supply device;

- apply a voltage of 20 V - 50 V and a current of 100 A - 600 A to the electrodes through a cable to the current-supplying busbar and then to the copper current-carrying busbar of the mouthpiece, while the electrodes are immersed in the flux, touching the chips at the bottom of the pocket with the voltage turned on;

- the welding process begins, and the welding process is carried out from the bottom up;

- cut off the slider's output plates and the U-shaped welding pocket.

The method was used for welding low-carbon steel plates 150 mm thick and 13 m long in accordance with GOST 30482-97. Four electrodes were used for welding: 2 straight wire electrodes and 2 spiral electrodes. The feed rate of the straight wire electrodes and spiral electrodes was set at 60 m/hour. The spiral pitch for the spiral electrodes was set at 180 mm for the winding units, the outer and inner diameters of the spiral were 7 mm and 13 mm, respectively. The spiral electrodes were represented by round wires with a diameter of 3 mm, twisted into a spiral. For welding, a voltage of 50 V was applied to the electrodes, the current was 550 A. The thickness of the final seam was 30 mm, the width was 30 mm and the length was 13 m.

A comparison of the welding duration between the present invention and analogs was made. The welding duration was assessed from the beginning of voltage supply (the results are presented in Table 1).

Table 1

Comparison of welding duration Technical solution The real way Technical solution [SU 224730, published 12.08.1968] Technical solution [RU 2447980, published 10.12.2011] Technical solution [SU 759270, published 30.08.1980] Welding duration, h 4.3 12 13 16

A comparison of the hardness of the obtained weld between the present invention and analogs was also carried out (the results are presented in Table 2). The hardness of the weld was determined using the Vickers method. For this purpose, a tetrahedral diamond pyramid with an angle of 136° between opposite faces was used, and built into the indenter, pressed into the weld surface with a force of 30 kgf. The hardness was determined using the formula HV = 2Psin (0.5α/d ² ) = 1.8544P/d ² , where P is the applied load (kgf), d is the average diagonal of the imprint (mm) and α is the pyramid face angle in the indenter (136°).

Table 2

Comparison of the final weld hardness Technical solution The real way Technical solution [SU 224730, published 12.08.1968] Technical solution [RU 2447980, published 10.12.2011] Technical solution [SU 759270, published 30.08.1980] Hardness, N/ ^mm2 1283 1061 1047 1014

A comparison of the tensile strength of the obtained seam between the present and the invention and analogues was also conducted (the results are presented in Table 3). The tensile strength was determined using the non-destructive method of tearing with shearing, during which the force required to tear off a 15 cm long anchor installed in the seam was measured. The anchor was installed at a distance of 10 cm from the edge of the seam. The anchor was torn off using an electro-hydraulic pusher. The force was recorded using a hydraulic dynamometer built into the electro-hydraulic pusher. The applied force, after which the anchor came out of the seam, was recognized as the tensile strength.

Table 3

Comparison of the tensile strength of the final weld Technical solution The real way Technical solution [SU 224730, published 12.08.1968] Technical solution [RU 2447980, published 10.12.2011] Technical solution [SU 759270, published 30.08.1980] Tensile strength, MPa 67 51 47 44

The technical result is achieved by using several electrodes in electroslag welding, as well as by using the shape of spiral electrodes, which, when fed, create, in addition to the translational movement, also a rotational movement of the slag in the weld bevel, which improves the strength characteristics of the weld due to the constant mixing of the slag material.

Thus, thanks to the declared method, the welding time is reduced by 279% compared to the prototype due to the use of four electrodes, the hardness is reduced by 17% compared to the prototype, and the tensile strength is reduced by 16% compared to the prototype.

Claims (18)

1. A method of electroslag welding with electrodes, characterized by the fact that: - adjust the electrode feed units, set the feed speed of two straight wire electrodes and two spiral electrodes from 50 m/h to 150 m/h throughout the entire welding process; - adjust the winding units, set the spiral pitch to 180 mm, adjust the inner diameter of the spiral to 7 mm and the outer diameter of the spiral to 13 mm, the spiral electrodes are wound around straight wire electrodes; - fill the U-shaped welding pocket with metal shavings and flux, while the flux is poured on top of the metal shavings; - feed spiral and straight wire electrodes into the mouthpiece, with the spiral electrodes going close to the current-carrying busbars of the mouthpiece; - insert the welding nozzle into the seam preparation between the structures to be welded; - press water-cooled copper sliders against the weld joint and supply water cooling to the sliders through a water supply device; - apply a voltage of 20 V - 50 V and a current of 100 A - 600 A to the electrodes through a cable to the current-supplying busbar and then to the copper current-carrying busbar of the mouthpiece, while the electrodes are immersed in the flux, touching the chips at the bottom of the pocket with the voltage turned on; - the welding process begins, and the welding process is carried out from the bottom up; - cut off the slider's output plates and the U-shaped welding pocket. 2. The method of electroslag welding with electrodes according to paragraph 1, characterized in that a two-component non-consumable nozzle with a thickness of 18 mm is used for welding, each component of which consists of a copper current-carrying busbar and a steel busbar that performs a frame function, wherein the copper current-carrying busbar is made in segments and secured with copper pins to the steel busbar with two pins per segment and is equipped with contacts for transmitting voltage to the electrodes, and the components of the nozzle themselves are located above and below the electrodes. 3. The method of electroslag welding with electrodes according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the flux supply channel is attached to the nozzle. 4. The method of electroslag welding with electrodes according to paragraph 1, characterized in that water-cooled copper sliders are used for welding, consisting of water-cooled plates with an opening for fastening in a clamping mechanism to the weld preparation, while the plates themselves are divided into upper and lower parts, and cooling supply devices, while cooling water circulates inside the water-cooled plates, the plates themselves are fastened together with hinge strips to ensure mobility and fastening bolts and have clay channels through which clay is fed in the presence of welding material leaks. 5. The method of electroslag welding with electrodes according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the spiral electrodes are round wires with a diameter of 3 mm, twisted into a spiral. 6. The method of electroslag welding with electrodes according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the spiral electrodes are flat strips 60 mm wide and 1 mm thick, twisted into a spiral. 7. The method of electroslag welding with electrodes according to paragraph 1, characterized in that a multi-component unit is used for feeding and winding the electrodes, which unit has in its design a protective casing, feed mechanisms for straight wire electrodes, feed mechanisms for spiral electrodes, mechanisms for winding spiral electrodes, a mouthpiece holder and guides for spiral electrodes, wherein inside the unit the spiral electrodes enter the straight wire electrodes and wind around them, and subsequently the spiral of one spiral electrode enters the spiral of the second spiral electrode and the rotation of both spiral electrodes continues in the form of a double spiral. 8. The method of electroslag welding with electrodes according to paragraph 1, characterized in that two spiral and two straight wire electrodes are used during welding. 9. The method of electroslag welding with electrodes according to paragraph 1, characterized in that all electrodes are current-carrying with a single voltage.