RU2836705C1 - Device for measuring velocity on muzzle of gun - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measuring.

SUBSTANCE: device for measuring velocity on the muzzle of a gun comprises a magnetic field generator mounted on the barrel at the muzzle of a gun and made on the basis of a permanent magnet, a magnetic detector in the form of an inductance coil and a backup system for measuring velocity of the projectile; a magnetic belt is installed on the projectile for interaction with the backup system. Projectile comprises main system, which includes high-speed comparator, inverter, microcontroller with memory, magnetic detector. Magnetic field generator is made either in the form of two permanent magnet belts, or two inductance coils, through which direct current passes, wherein width b₁ and height h₁ of these permanent magnet belts or width b₂ and height h₂ of winding of inductance coils, as well as width b₃ and height h₃ of winding of inductance coil, which is a magnetic detector, are selected from the following condition: b_i/h_i<1.

EFFECT: high accuracy of measuring projectile speed on the muzzle of a gun and high noise immunity.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to control and measuring equipment and can be used to measure the speed of a projectile in a gun barrel, which form the basis of the parameters of the projectile's movement at the stage of internal ballistics and are the most important ballistic characteristics of a weapon, affecting its combat properties; in particular, the invention relates to devices for measuring the initial speed of a projectile with high accuracy when it exits a firing gun to adjust the time of its response to a target.

A measuring device for a projectile with an AHEAD fuse is known from the prior art according to patent CH 691143 A5 (published on 30.04.2001, IPC G01P 3/66, F41A 21/32). Inside a strong casing there are two induction coils required to measure the projectile velocity. In front of them there is a larger programmer coil. These coils are used sequentially and solve different problems. At the moment of firing, the projectile sequentially passes through two velocity measuring coils. The fire control system (FCS) determines the projectile velocity in terms of firing data and issues the necessary signal to the programmer coil. The latter enters the data into the projectile fuse. The fuse body contains a receiving coil and a special energy source. Next to it there is a programmable time device that receives data from the programmer and determines the flight duration. If the data input is unsuccessful, the self-liquidator is triggered 8 seconds after the shot. The muzzle device and the fire control system automatically measure the actual speed value and make adjustments to the entered data.

The disadvantage of this measuring device is the limited data input time due to the short time of flight. The time resolution is 10 ms, which reduces the measurement accuracy.

Another device for measuring the velocity of a projectile at the muzzle of a gun is known (patent for invention RU 2651954, IPC F41A 21/32 (2006.01), G01P 3/66 (2006.01), G01B 7/00 (2006.01) published: 24.04.2018 Bulletin No. 12), which was selected as the closest analogue. The device contains a magnetic field generator based on a permanent magnet and placed on the muzzle of the gun, a magnetic detector in the form of an induction coil, a magnetic belt mounted on the projectile, a projectile velocity measurement system located outside the gun. The magnetic field generator is a periodic structure made of rings of magnetic powder placed between cables connected by a conductor for transmitting the induced current signal to the unit in which time intervals of the sequence of passage of a projectile with a magnetic belt under the rings formed by cables and a periodic structure (rings of magnetic powder) are formed. The regular structure between the rings of the multi-core cable is created by rings of magnetic powder with a step of 1 cm every 0.5 cm. The projectile velocity measurement system is implemented in the form of a series-connected unit for generating time intervals of the sequence of passage of the projectile with a magnetic belt between the rings formed by the cables and the periodic structure, a unit for generating a time sequence corresponding to the rings of the periodic structure, a speed calculator, an average value of the speed and dispersion when the projectile passes the rings of the periodic structure, a ballistic calculation correction unit, a unit for calculating the time correction Δt for calculating the projectile detonation time, and a unit for transmitting the time correction Δt to the projectile actuator, wherein the output of the latter is connected to the magnetic belt of the projectile through the output cable. The beginning and end of the time counts for calculating the muzzle velocity of the projectile do not depend on the magnitude of the amplitudes of the signals being generated, but are determined by the uniformity of the magnetic powder coating on the gun barrel, interference due to the changing electromagnetic environment. The received signals are processed, and the start and end moments of the time interval of the projectile's passage along a section of the path marked by magnetic rings made of magnetic powder are determined.

The disadvantages of the closest analogue are related to the fact that:

- the velocity is measured in the middle of the barrel, which reduces the accuracy of the final velocity measurement. In order to accurately determine the point of detonation of the projectile, it is necessary to enter the exact initial velocity into the fuse that generates the command to detonate;

- signal measurement occurs when crossing “0”, which increases sensitivity to interference;

- the measurement system is located next to the weapon, which also increases sensitivity to interference;

- the signal is transmitted through the barrel.

The technical result of the claimed invention is an increase in the accuracy of measuring the projectile velocity at the muzzle of the gun and an increase in noise immunity.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the device for measuring the velocity at the muzzle end of a gun, including a magnetic field generator made on the basis of a permanent magnet and placed on the muzzle end of the gun, a magnetic detector in the form of an induction coil, a magnetic belt mounted on the projectile, a projectile velocity measurement system located outside the gun, what is new is that the specified projectile velocity measurement system is duplicate, and the main velocity measurement system is located in the projectile and consists of a high-speed comparator, an inverter, a microcontroller with memory, wherein the magnetic field generator is made either in the form of two permanent magnet belts or two induction coils through which direct current passes, wherein the width b ₁ and the height h ₁ of these permanent magnet belts or the width b ₂ and the height h ₂ of the winding of the induction coils, if they are used, as well as the width b ₃ and the height h ₃ of the winding of the induction coil, which is a magnetic detector, are selected from the following condition: b _i /h _i <1. Fulfillment of this condition allows to increase the amplitude of the current on the magnetic detector, which affects the noise immunity, and to sharpen the front of the current pulse, which affects the accuracy of the time interval measurement.

The presence of distinctive features allows the magnetic detector to detect pulses during the flight of the projectile past the generators, and to determine the initial velocity of the projectile by the difference in the time of the pulses, since the distance between the two generators is known, thus, the initial velocity is determined by the projectile fuse itself, which does not need to be separately transmitted to the projectile, which ensures measurement accuracy and increases noise immunity.

The figure shows a projectile flying through a muzzle brake.

The fired projectile 1 consists of a fuse 3, a speed measurement system in the form of an electronic unit 2 for measuring and issuing a command to detonate, a magnetic detector 4, and a backup power source 5. The muzzle brake 7 is equipped with two inductance coils 6, which can be installed on any muzzle brake without additional modifications. The backup speed measurement system 8 is located outside the gun.

An example of a specific implementation of the claimed device may be a device for measuring the velocity at the muzzle of a gun, including a magnetic field generator made either in the form of two belts of a permanent magnet, or two induction coils through which direct current passes, located at the muzzle of the gun, a magnetic detector in the form of an induction coil, a magnetic belt installed on the projectile, a main velocity measurement system located in the projectile and a duplicate velocity measurement system located outside the gun. When implementing a magnetic field generator in the form of two belts of a permanent magnet, the width b ₁ and the height h ₁ of the belts are 2 and 4 mm, respectively, (b ₁ /h ₁ <1). The belts are located at the muzzle of the gun at a distance of 150 mm from each other.

When the magnetic field generator is made in the form of two induction coils, the width b ₂ and the height h ₂ of the winding of the induction coils are 3 and 6 mm, respectively, (b ₂ /h ₂ <1).

The width b ₃ and the height h ₃ of the winding of the inductance coil, which is a magnetic detector, are 4 and 5 mm, respectively, (b ₃ /h ₃ <1).

The basic speed measurement system consists of a high-speed comparator, inverter, and microcontroller with memory.

The operation is as follows: the projectile, flying through the magnetic field generators installed on the muzzle brake 7, due to the change in the magnetic induction lines, an inductive current arises on the magnetic detector, representing the induction coil, which forms two pulses on the comparator, spaced by time t. From the comparator output, the pulses go to the inverter, which converts them into TTL level signals. These pulses go to the input of the microcontroller, where they are processed with the help of software, the projectile velocity is determined and written to the memory as a correction factor for the projectile fuse response time. Similarly, the projectile velocity is measured by system 8, where the magnetic generator is located on the fuse 3 of the projectile, and two magnetic detectors, representing induction coils, are located on the muzzle brake 7.

When projectile 1 flies through muzzle brake 7, the projectile velocity is measured both by system 8 and directly by block 2. The measured velocity of projectile 1 is entered into the projectile fuse by block 8 during the subsequent shot, which allows for more accurate adjustment of its detonation in the subsequent shot in the event of failure to measure the projectile velocity by block 2. This allows for increased target engagement efficiency.

Claims (1)

A device for measuring the velocity at the muzzle end of a gun, including a magnetic field generator made on the basis of a permanent magnet and placed on the muzzle end of the gun, a magnetic detector in the form of an induction coil, a magnetic belt installed on the projectile, a projectile velocity measurement system located outside the gun, characterized in that the said projectile velocity measurement system is duplicated, and the main velocity measurement system is located in the projectile and consists of a high-speed comparator, an inverter, a microcontroller with memory, wherein the magnetic field generator is made either in the form of two permanent magnet belts or two induction coils through which a direct current passes, and the width b₁and height h₁these belts of permanent magnet or width b₂and height h₂windings of induction coils, if used, and also the width b₃and height h₃the windings of the inductance coil, which is a magnetic detector, are selected from the following condition: b_i/h_i<1.