RU2836314C1 - Method for increasing immunity of broiler chickens against background of vaccination stress - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary science.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to veterinary science, namely to poultry farming. Method involves feeding broiler chickens with a phytopreparation “Phytogenix” based on essential oils and lactic acid in dose of 0.2 ml/l of water from 1st to 7th day of growing, in dose of 0.3 ml/l of water from 8th day on 38th day. Proposed method increases the number of immunocompetent cells – T-lymphocytes – by 1.04-3.0 times, B-lymphocytes – by 1.05-1.76 times, bactericidal activity of blood serum – by 5.3-23.4 %, average titre to Newcastle disease virus – by 13.3-18.6 %, total protein – by 6.4-6.9 %, albumin – by 3.8-5.9 %, globulins – by 6.6-9.3 %.

EFFECT: disclosed is a method for increasing immunity of broiler chickens against the background of vaccination stress.

1 cl, 5 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of veterinary science, namely to poultry farming, and can be used to increase the natural resistance of broiler chickens to vaccine stress.

When the immune system is disrupted, the bird's resistance to diseases, the effectiveness of vaccination, and, as a result, productivity decreases. The immune system is most sensitive to stress, which is also one of the problems that causes significant damage to poultry farming. Stress begins in the incubator from the moment the chicks hatch and continues throughout the entire growing period.

It is known that the higher the productivity of poultry, the more sensitive it is to stress [1]. Under the influence of stress, the metabolism of poultry is disrupted, productivity decreases, the effectiveness of vaccination is reduced, and the incidence of disease increases [2, 3, 4, 5].

In industrial poultry farming, it is impossible to avoid stress. In this regard, the search for and development of means and methods for correcting the immune response against the background of vaccine stress is a pressing issue [6].

There are known methods for increasing the resistance of birds by using various immunostimulating drugs. Thus, to increase the immunity of birds, a phytomineral composition (immortelle, calendula, nettle, birch buds, pine buds, yarrow, seaweed), sterile wheat germ oil, an aqueous suspension of ultra-dispersed basalt, a drug containing selenium taken in a nanosized state and zero valence, vitamins A, E, B1 and B6, lithium citrate are used [7, 8, 9, 10].

However, existing methods have some disadvantages, for example, to use a phytomineral composition [7], it is necessary to first prepare an infusion from it, which requires time and additional equipment, which is inconvenient for use in industrial poultry farming; there is no data on the effect of an aqueous suspension of ultradispersed basalt on immunity indicators during vaccination stress [8]; high cost of synthetic vitamins included in some drugs [7, 9]; residues of drugs with a chemical composition can be found in meat and eggs [9, 10]. The advantage of herbal preparations is that they are non-toxic, do not cause side effects, do not harm the environment and the consumer of the product.

There are known methods of using preparations based on essential oils and organic acids (thyme, rosemary, cloves, oregano) to improve immunity, prevent infectious diseases, and treat hatching eggs; their antinociceptive effect has been proven [11, 12, 13, 14, 15].

However, the immunostimulating effect of the drug based on essential oils on the body of birds under vaccine stress has not been studied.

The closest to the declared solution is the use of the Phytopreparation Bios 500 for poultry based on essential oils of oregano, cinnamon and their phenols, plant extracts. The preparation has a healing effect on the intestines (increases the length of the cilia of the small intestine epithelium, which increases the area of absorption of nutrients), antibacterial and antiseptic action (kills pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli , Salmonella typhimurium , Clostridium perfringens , Staphylococcus aureus ), exhibits high antibacterial properties even to pathogens resistant to antibiotics (to antibiotic-resistant strains) [16].

However, this method is intended to improve the productive qualities of broiler chickens. The immunostimulating effect of the preparation based on essential oils on the body of broiler chickens and the possibility of its use to improve immunity against the background of post-vaccination stress have not been studied.

The technical result of the claimed invention is the creation of an environmentally safe method for increasing the immunity of broiler chickens against the background of vaccine stress using a herbal preparation that ensures an increase in natural resistance, metabolism and productivity.

The technical result of the method for increasing the immunity of broiler chickens under vaccine stress includes feeding the phytopreparation "Phytogenix" in a dose from the 1st to the 7th day - 0.2 ml/l of water, from the 8th to the 38th day - 0.3 ml/l of water.

"Fitogenix" is a phytopreparation consisting of essential oils: Сinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon), Syzygium aromáticum (clove), Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), Thymus vulgáris (thyme), Sesamum indica (Indian sesame) and organic acids, in particular lactate (lactic acid), which are selected based on the optimal interaction of components for poultry. The preparation is produced by NPO Fitogenix, Chelyabinsk.

Poultry farming is a rapidly developing industry, the work of breeders in which is aimed at obtaining the maximum possible productivity in the shortest possible time.

Despite the active development of research in the field of immunology, a number of problems still remain. Various stress factors that have an immunosuppressive effect deserve special attention. Anti-stress drugs provide the bird's body with specific substances under stress conditions that can reduce its negative impact. The use of this type of drugs allows maintaining immunity at a higher level, reducing the negative effects of stress, increasing the safety and productivity of agricultural poultry. Industrial poultry farming is impossible without vaccination. Vaccination is stress for the chicken's body. The impact of any stressor activates anti-stress mechanisms and is accompanied by the development of a stress reaction [16].

In the patent and scientific literature, the applicants did not find any information on the use of the phytopreparation "Phytogenix" for the purpose of increasing the immunity of broiler chickens against the background of vaccine stress, which allows us to assume the presence of an inventive level of the proposal and novelty.

The proposed method will improve the immunity of broiler chickens against the background of vaccine stress. As a result of the complex action of the components included in the preparation, cellular and humoral immunity increases, protein metabolism, safety, live weight improve, and feed consumption decreases.

An example of a specific implementation of the method

The testing was carried out at the SibNIIP branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Omsk Scientific Center”.

Various methods of increasing the immunity of broiler chickens under vaccine stress using the phytopreparation "Phytogenix", its effect on immunity, metabolism and productivity of poultry were studied.

For this purpose, 3 groups (control and 2 experimental) of 70 heads each were formed from day-old broiler chickens of the Smena 9 cross according to the principle of analogues by live weight. The birds were kept on the floor on deep litter. Feeding was carried out manually. At the age of 9 days, the chickens of all groups were vaccinated against the Newcastle disease (ND) virus in accordance with the instructions for use of this vaccine. The feeding and maintenance conditions corresponded to the methodological recommendations for working with poultry of this cross and were the same in all groups. The drug "Phytogenix" (produced by NPO Phytogenix, Chelyabinsk) was used with water, according to Table 1.

Table 1 - Study of the effect of various schemes of application of the herbal preparation "Phytogenix" on increasing immunity during vaccine stress

Group Number of birds, heads Preparation Dose of the drug Period of giving, days Control 70 - - - 1st experimental 70 "Phytogenix" 0.2 ml/l water
0.3 ml/l water 1-7
8-38 2nd experimental 70 0.2 ml/l water
0.3 ml/l water
0.3 ml/l water 1-7
8-12
28-34

In the first experimental group, the drug was given to drink throughout the entire rearing period at a dose of 0.2 ml/l of water from the 1st to the 7th day and 0.3 ml/l of water from the 8th day until the end of the experiment. The chickens of the second group received the drug during critical periods of life: the first five days after hatching, three days before and three days after vaccination (which corresponds to the age of 1-12 days), as well as the fifth week of rearing (28-34 days of age), during which, as a rule, a surge in the incidence of diseases and death of birds is observed. The dose of the drug was similar to that of the first group: from the 1st to the 7th day at a dose of 0.2 ml/l of water, from the 8th to the 12th and from the 28th to the 34th days - 0.3 ml/l of water. The chickens of the control group did not receive the drug. The duration of the experiment corresponded to the period of rearing of birds - 38 days.

To study the immunostimulating effect in the blood of chickens before vaccination and on the 4th and 18th days after vaccination (at the age of 8, 13 and 27 days), the number of T, B and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), erythrocytes, leukocytes and hemoglobin were determined. In the blood serum - the bactericidal activity of the blood serum (BASB), the average titer of post-vaccination antibodies to the ND virus, the level of total protein and its fractions was determined. In order to assess the effect of the preparation on the intestinal microflora, a bacteriological study of its contents was carried out at the ages of 8, 10, 13, 27 and 38 days. During the growing period, the survivability, live weight of chickens and feed costs were taken into account.

The bactericidal activity of blood serum (BAS) in the experimental groups was significantly higher than the control at the age of 27 days in the 1st group by 23.4% (p<0.01), in the 2nd group by - 8.2%. An increase in this indicator in the period from 13 to 27 days by 25.2% (p<0.05) was also noted in the first group, where the herbal preparation was used throughout the entire growing period (Table 2).

Table 2 - Effect of the phytopreparation "Phytogenix" on the immunity indices of broiler chickens under vaccination stress

Indicator Group Age, days 8 (before vaccination) 13 (4 days after vaccination) 27 (18 days after vaccination) BASK, % control 56.3±9.0 27.1±5.3 ^s 34.2±5.3 1st experimental 65.4±8.8 32.4±7.3 ^s 57.6±3.0 ^{aa. b, c} 2nd experimental 73.0±8.4 35.8±7.7 ^cc 42.4±4.7 Lymphocytes, thousand/mcl control 6.88±0.76 3.27±0.34 ^cc 6.03±0.33 ^ccc 1st experimental 6.93±0.45 7.01±0.49 ^aaa 6.18±0.29 2nd experimental 7.01±0.30 7.22±0.30 ^aaa 6.25±0.23 ^s T-lymphocytes, thousand/mcl control 0.92±0.06 0.56±0.13 ^s 1.08±0.12 ^s 1st experimental 0.98±0.12 1.70±0.15 ^{aaa, cc} 1.12±0.08 ^cc 2nd experimental 0.97±0.08 1.93±0.16 ^{aaa, ccc} 1.10±0.08 ^ccc B-lymphocytes, thousand/mcl control 1.16±0.23 0.74±0.07 1.18±0.15 ^cc 1st experimental 1.22±0.18 1.30±0.10 ^{aa, b} 1.24±0.21 2nd experimental 1.24±0.16 0.98±0.03 ^aa 1.22±0.25 Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, thousand/µl control 1.25±0.18 1.27±0.17 1.05±0.12 1st experimental 1.43±0.09 1.48±0.09 0.95±0.22 ^s 2nd experimental 1.45±0.09 1.77±0.17 1.03±0.16 ^s Average titer of immunoglobulins G to ND virus, log 2 control - 3.31±0.39 4.69±0.31 1st experimental - 3.75±0.38 5.56±0.40 ^cc 2nd experimental - 3.69±0.31 5.44±0.40 ^cc

Note:

- reliable difference with the control group: aa - p<0.01; aaa - p<0.001,

- significant difference between groups 1 and 2: b - p<0.05,

- reliable difference in dynamics: c - p<0.05; cc - p<0.01; ccc - p<0.001.

The number of immunocompetent cells in the blood of chickens in the 1st and 2nd groups on the 4th day after vaccination at the age of 13 days exceeded the control: lymphocytes by 2.1 and 2.2 (p<0.001) times, T-lymphocytes - 3.0 and 3.4 (p<0.001), B-lymphocytes - 1.8 and 1.3 (p<0.01) times. A reliable increase in T-lymphocytes in the period from the 8th to the 13th day was in the 1st and 2nd groups by 1.7 and 2.0 times, respectively, and in the control there was a decrease by 0.6 times. During the period of completion of post-vaccination immunity formation (day 27), this indicator, on the contrary, increased in the control by 1.9 times, and in the 1st and 2nd groups it decreased by 0.7 and 0.6 times, respectively, but remained higher in the experimental groups. Post-vaccination antibodies to the ND virus in the 1st and 2nd groups at the age of 13 days were higher than the control by 13.3% and 11.5%, respectively, at 27 days - 18.6% and 16.0%. During the period of post-vaccination immunity formation, the level of antibodies to the ND virus increased in all groups: control by 41.7%, group 1 - 48.3%, group 2 - 47.4%. The highest indicator was in group 1, in which the herbal preparation was used throughout the growing period.

The use of the herbal preparation contributed to the stimulation of protein metabolism in birds of the experimental groups (Table 3).

Table 3 - Effect of the phytopreparation "Phytogenix" on the morpho-biochemical parameters of the blood of broiler chickens under vaccination stress

Indicators Group Age, days 8 (before vaccination) 13 (4 days after vaccination) 27 (18 days after vaccination) Total protein, g/l control 32.9±1.3 34.6±1.5 35.0±1.0 1st experimental 34.8±1.6 36.8±1.1 37.4±1.2 2nd experimental 33.9±0.9 36.0±0.9 37.2±2.0 Albumin, g/l control 15.1±1.4 13.5±0.9 13.3±1.1 1st experimental 15.8±1.3 14.3±1.1 13.8±0.8 2nd experimental 15.4±0.5 14.6±0.9 13.8±1.0 Globulins, g/l control 17.8±2.3 21.1±1.2 21.6±1.4 1st experimental 19.0±0.9 22.5±1.5 23.6±1.1 ^s 2nd experimental 18.5±0.6 21.3±1.2 23.4±2.8 Erythrocytes, 10 ¹² /l control 1.3±0.1 1.0±0.1 1.7±0.2 ^s 1st experimental 2.0±0.1 ^aaa 1.7±0.1 ^{aa, s} 1.9±0.3 2nd experimental 2.0±0.1 ^aaa 1.5±0.1 ^{a, s} 1.8±0.1 ^s Leukocytes, 10 ⁹ /l control 9.8±0.9 4.7±0.5 ^sss 10.1±1.0 ^cc 1st experimental 10.2±0.7 10.1±0.7 ^aaa 10.3±0.6 2nd experimental 10.1±0.5 10.0±0.5 ^aaa 10.4±0.5 Hemoglobin, g/l control 83.6±5.3 90.6±3.3 101.2±0.5 ^s 1st experimental 88.0±3.9 93.7±3.6 107.1±0.7 ^{aaa, ss} 2nd experimental 87.2±3.4 92.6±3.4 108.4±1.2 ^{aaa, ss}

Note:

- reliable difference with the control group: a - p<0.05; aa - p<0.01; aaa - p<0.001,

- significant difference between groups 1 and 2: b - p<0.05,

- reliable difference in dynamics: c - p<0.05, cc - p<0.001.

On the 4th day after vaccination at the age of 13 days in the experimental groups the amount of total protein was higher than the control by 4.1-6.4%, albumins - by 5.9-8.1%, globulins - by 0.9-6.6%, while the best indicators were in the 1st group, where the period of application of the herbal preparation was 1-38 days. A reliable increase in globulins by 4.9% (p <0.05) was in the 1st group during the formation of post-vaccination immunity. The content of erythrocytes in the blood of chickens in the 1st and 2nd groups was significantly higher than the control by 53.8%, this trend was also observed on the 4th day after vaccination, the indicators exceeded by 70.0% and 50.0%, despite the decrease in this indicator, their greatest number was noted in the 1st experimental group. The hemoglobin concentration in the experimental groups was higher than the control throughout the experiment, with a significant difference noted at the age of 27 days, the indicator was higher in the 1st by 5.8% (p < 0.001), in the 2nd - by 7.1% (p < 0.001). Also, hemoglobin in all experimental groups increased significantly compared to the data obtained on the 4th day after vaccination. The number of leukocytes in the blood throughout the experiment was higher in the 1st and 2nd groups, while this indicator was within the physiological norm. At the age of 13 days, leukocytes in the 1st and 2nd groups exceeded the control by 2.1 (p < 0.001) times, which may indicate an intensive production of antibodies on the 4th day after vaccination.

The use of the phytopreparation "Phytogenix" contributed to the reduction of the number of staphylococci in the intestinal contents of the chickens of the experimental groups throughout the experiment by 2.2-37.7% with a reliable difference in the 2nd group at 27 and 37 days of age (p < 0.01) and in the 1st - at 10 and 37 days (p < 0.05) (Table 4). The use of the phytopreparation according to the scheme of the first experimental group allows to reduce the number of enterococci by 0.6-11.1% compared to the control, whereas with intermittent administration according to the scheme of the second group during the periods of cancellation, an increase in this indicator by 0.9% above the control was noted.

Table 4 - Effect of the herbal preparation "Phytogenix" on the intestinal microflora of broiler chickens, lg CFU/g

Indicators Group Age, days 8 10 13 27 38 Staphylococci control 6.00±0.60 5.76±0.12 5.80±0.48 6.42±0.24 5.94±0.11 1st experimental 5.48±0.21 4.40**±0.20 5.31±0.24 5.62±0.24 3.70**±0.33 2nd experimental 5.80±0.30 5.41±0.28 5.67±0.29 5.51*±0.14 5.20*±0.18 Enterococci control 7.58±0.41 7.38±0.07 6.34±0.23 7.60±0.12 6.55±0.05 1st experimental 7.54±0.06 7.31±0.29 6.28±0.24 6.76±0.50 6.51±0.13 2nd experimental 7.25±0.27 7.22±0.20 6.40±0.10 7.33±0.44 6.30±0.35 Lactobacilli control 7.75±0.23 6.88±0.56 6.10±0.10 7.46±0.16 6.96±0.14 1st experimental 8.07±0.09 7.80±0.14*** 7.11±0.44 7.85±0.13 8.29±0.65* 2nd experimental 7.68±0.21 7.64±0.08*** 7.2±0.46 8.81±0.39 8.33±0.39 Bifidobacteria control 8.58±0.44 8.01±0.52 7.26±0.14 8.23±0.65 7.58±0.3 1st experimental 8.77±0.51 9.90±0.24 8.70±0.34 8.65±0.70 9.58±0.13 2nd experimental 8.62±0.62 8.95±0.30 8.44±0.31 8.72±0.74 9.54±0.30

Note: * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001.

The use of the phytopreparation contributed to an increase in the amount of normal flora in the intestinal contents during vaccination stress and during the formation of specific immunity, increasing the number of bifidobacteria by 26.9-26.4% and lactobacilli by 19.1-19.7% by the age of 37 days. At the same time, the most stable throughout the experiment was the normal flora in the first experimental group, where the phytopreparation "Phytogenix" was given to drink throughout the entire growing period.

The highest level of lacto- and bifidobacteria found in the experimental groups indicates effective processes of suppression of the reproduction of opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry during the period of vaccination stress and the formation of specific immunity.

The live weight of broiler chickens in the first experimental group throughout the entire experiment exceeded the control by 0.4-3.7% (Table 5).

Table 5 - Effect of different methods of application of the herbal preparation on the live weight of broiler chickens, g

Age, days Group control 1st experimental 2nd experimental 1 43.2±0.4 43.4±0.4 43.1±0.4 7 166.7±2.1 168.1±2.1 169.0±3.2 14 486.1±14.1 489.3±2.1 487.1±5.3 21 911.7±14.1 943.2±6.3* 916.2±10.3 28 1519.8±24.6 1575.0±13.3* 1521.3±15.3 35 2270.8±34.3 2289.0±27.4 2272.8±30.5 38 2607.1±38.3 2695.5±23.5* 2608.9±36.2

Note: * p<0.05.

The greatest reliable difference with the control (3.5 and 3.7%) was at the 21-day and 28-day ages of the chickens of the first experimental group during the period of formation of specific immunity. In the second group, this indicator at the age of 7 days, during the period of administration of the drug, was also higher than the control by 1.4%, while at the age of 14 days, when the phytopreparation "Phytogenix", according to the experimental scheme, was not given to the birds to drink, the live weight was at the level of the control group.

Thus, the use of the phytopreparation “Phytogenix” according to the scheme of the first group reduced the negative impact of vaccination stress on the live weight of broiler chickens, contributing to its increase by the end of the experiment by 3.4% (p<0.05).

At the end of the experiment, the survival rate in the control group was 95.7%, in the 1st group - 100%, in the 2nd - 98.6%. Feed costs per kg of gain in the experimental groups were 0.01-0.11 kg lower than in the control, with the lowest values in the 1st group, where they were 1.97 kg.

The analysis of the obtained data shows that the best results with the largest number of statistically significant differences in the studied parameters were recorded in the 1st group, where the phytopreparation "Phytogenix" was given to drink with water throughout the entire growing period. The less pronounced result in the 2nd group can be explained by the fact that the preparation has a cumulative effect and must be used for a long period, in this case the entire growing period (38 days).

Thus, the most effective way to increase the immunity of broiler chickens against the background of vaccination stress is to water them with the phytopreparation "Phytogenix" from the 1st to the 7th day of growing at a dose of 0.2 ml / l of water, from the 8th to the 38th day - at a dose of 0.3 ml / l of water (1st group), as evidenced by an increase in the number of immunocompetent cells in broiler chickens, bactericidal activity of blood serum, the average titer of immunoglobulins G to the ND virus, total protein and its fractions. The use of this preparation reduces the content of opportunistic microflora in the intestine (enterococci by 0.6-17.3%, staphylococci by 0.7-37.7%), stimulates the development of beneficial microorganisms (lactobacilli by 8.3-19.7% and bifidobacteria by 3.7-27.8%), which contributes to an increase in live weight - by 3.4%, survival - by 4.3%, and due to its composition, the phytopreparation "Phytogenix" is environmentally safe for both birds and humans when consumed as food.

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Claims (1)

A method for increasing the immunity of broiler chickens against the background of vaccination stress, including the use of a phytopreparation for birds, characterized in that the phytopreparation used is the drug "Phytogenix", consisting of essential oils: Сinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon), Syzygium aromaticum (clove), Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), Thymus vulgaris (thyme), Sesamum indicum (Indian sesame), and lactic acid, which is fed from the 1st to the 7th day of growing at a dose of 0.2 ml / l of water, from the 8th to the 38th day - at a dose of 0.3 ml / l of water.