RU2836165C1 - Method of producing a multicomponent mixture during heat and mass exchange and a device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: performing operations.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of producing a multicomponent mixture during heat and mass exchange by mixing components in the gap between the plate and the disc and above the disc, by changing the gap between the disc and the plate under the effect of rarefaction formed in the first, then in the second and further in the following annular zones located behind the nozzle plates. Method is characterized by that the multicomponent mixture is formed by feeding one of the components of the mixture through a nozzle under pressure into the gap between the plate and the disc and feeding the remaining components of the mixture into the annular zones of rarefaction, wherein one of the components is supplied to each of the rarefaction zones, the disc is rotated by the flow of the multicomponent mixture by means of driving blades placed on the disc and facing the plate; after leaving the gap between the plate and the disc, the multicomponent mixture is turned by the overflow ring into the gap between the disc and the overflow ring and rotated in the free space above the disc by means of driven blades located on the side of the disc opposite the disc, constant rarefaction in annular vacuum zones is maintained by varying the gap between the plate and the disk by axial displacement of the disk relative to the plate within the gap between the plate and the bearing. Invention also relates to a device.

EFFECT: use of the proposed invention enables to increase the quality of preparing the multicomponent mixture with the separate supply of several components directly to the mixing zone during evaporation of the liquid from the surface of the drops with a decrease in the diameter of the drops until the formation of fog, obtaining thin emulsions, suspensions, saturated solutions, homogeneous mixtures during heat and mass exchange and in other technological processes.

9 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the chemical, petrochemical, oil, energy, food, pulp and paper and other industries that use heat and mass transfer processes of absorption, rectification, gas purification and mixing of components to obtain multicomponent mixtures at atmospheric or elevated pressure.

The technical task of the invention is to improve the quality of the preparation of a multi-component mixture by separate feeding of several components directly into the mixing zone during evaporation of liquid from the surface of the droplets with a decrease in the diameter of the droplets and is applicable in mixing components, absorption, rectification and purification of gases to obtain fine emulsions, suspensions, saturated solutions, homogeneous mixtures and in other technological processes at atmospheric or elevated pressure.

Mixing devices for a gas-liquid system are known (USSR AS 593723 B01F 3/04 Published: 25.02.1978) with an injection chamber, a sprayer and a mixer in the form of a vertical pipe with a fixed screw for passing the mixture, while several components of the mixture are not involved in the flow, which reduces the quality of mixing during heat and mass transfer, and the device has a complex design.

A rotary heat and mass transfer apparatus is known (USSR Author's Certificate No. 295955, IPC B01D 3/30, F28D 11/02. Published 12.11.1971 Bulletin No. 8), comprising a housing, pipes for introducing the initial product, supplying and removing steam and removing the finished product, a separation chamber, a vacuum system, a drive disk between the blades of which a perforation is made from the axis of the pipe for feeding the initial product, while several components of the mixture are not involved in the flow, which reduces the quality of their mixing during heat and mass transfer, and the device has a complex design.

A vortex chamber for contact of gas and liquid is known (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2555029 IPC B01D 47/06. Published: 10.07.2015 Bulletin No. 19) with the transformation of the energy of rotation of the layer into the dynamic pressure of the liquid by a spinning device, which is located on the periphery of the chamber, in close proximity to the gas layer between the guide devices for swirling the gas, the entrance to the vortex chamber for contact of gas with liquid, the gas swirling device, the gas outlet is located inside, and the liquid outlet is made in the form of slits, while several components of the mixture are not involved in the flow, which reduces the quality of their mixing during heat and mass transfer, and the device has a complex design.

A known rotary-film heat and mass transfer apparatus (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2158393 IPC F24F 3/14, B01D 3/30. Published: 27.10.2000 Bulletin No. 30) contains a housing with nozzles, a rotor with a drive placed in the housing, flat disks mounted horizontally on a shaft, a chamber with a drain nozzle, while several components of the mixture are not involved in the flow, which reduces the quality of their mixing during heat and mass transfer, and the device has a complex design.

A method and system for mixing gas and liquid for gravitational physical and chemical trapping of compounds are known (No. 2656501 IPC B01D 53/14 Published: 06/05/2018 Bulletin No. 16), including the stages of liquid spraying, gravitational connection of liquid droplets with condensation of particles, gas and liquid inlet into their mixing chamber, forming a flow of fluid, destroying particles with deflecting surfaces and lifting them in the flow to a layer in the mixing chamber, however, several components of the mixture are not involved in the flow, which reduces the quality of their mixing during heat and mass transfer, and the device has a complex design.

A rotary injector and a method for adding fluxing solids to molten aluminum are known (RU Patent for Invention No. 2596217, IPC B01F 7/02. Published: 10.09.2016 Bulletin No. 25) by rotating a disk with blades and forcibly feeding the mixture with a rotary injector containing an internal feed channel passing along the shaft through a disk with two rows of blades. In this case, the gas-liquid mixture under the disk is not involved in the heat and mass exchange with the flow above the disk, which reduces the quality of the heat and mass exchange of the mixture, and the device has a complex design.

A dynamic mixer is known (Patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2464077, IPC B01F 7/02. Published: 20.10.2012 Bulletin No. 29) by mixing a gas-liquid mixture with a rotating rotor with blades on the inlet side, however, the inner section of the blade on the outlet side has a flat surface and several components of the mixture located under the disk are not involved in heat and mass exchange with the flow above the disk, which reduces the quality of obtaining a mixture of several components, and the device has a complex design.

A separator and a method for introducing gas into a liquid using it are known (Patent of the Russian Federation for Invention No. 2798493. IPC B01F 23/23, B04B 1/08, A23L 2/54. Published: 06/23/2023 Bulletin No. 18), having a rotary drum for centrifugal processing of liquid, gas supply lines and its introduction into the liquid, an outlet pipe for removing gas-containing liquid, a space for radial removal of liquid introduced in the axial direction, a collection chamber, a drum drive and two gas supply lines, the first gas is introduced into the liquid through the first gas supply line, the second gas is introduced into the liquid through the second gas supply line. In this case, the flow of several components of the mixture located under the disk with the flow above the disk is not involved in heat and mass exchange, which reduces the quality of obtaining a mixture of several components, and the device has a complex design.

A device is known for bringing a gas flow and a liquid flow into contact (Patent of the Russian Federation for Invention No. 2800557 IPC B01F 29/81. Published: 24.07.2023 Bulletin No. 21) with gas and liquid circulation in one direction, the means for introducing a gas flow and a liquid flow into the chamber and mixing them are located inside the chamber on the path of the gas and liquid flows with the possibility of local upward deviation to create turbulence and lift part of the gas flow and liquid flow. In this case, more than two components located under the disk with the flow above the disk are not involved in heat and mass exchange, which reduces the quality of obtaining a mixture of several components, and the device has a complex design.

A device for obtaining two-component gas mixtures is known (Patent of the Russian Federation for Invention No. 2804204 IPC B01F 35/80, G05D 11/02, B01F 23/10. Published: 09/26/2023 Bulletin No. 27), which contains reducing disks for gas supply to the gas pressure equalization cavity from the low-pressure cavity. In this case, the flow of several components of the mixture located under the disk with the flow above the disk is not involved in heat and mass exchange, which reduces the quality of obtaining a mixture of several components, and the device has a complex design.

A method for carrying out heat and mass exchange and an apparatus for its implementation are known (Patent of the Russian Federation for Invention No. 2361164. IPC F28B 3/00, F28C 3/06. Published: 10.07.2009 Bulletin No. 19) by forming liquid into jets flowing into a gas or vaporous medium and in the impact of primary jets, with the formation of smaller secondary jets of interphase contact of liquid, gas or vaporous medium, however, in this case, the flow of several components of the mixture located under the disk with the flow above the disk is not involved in the heat and mass exchange, which reduces the quality of obtaining a mixture of several components, and the device has a complex design.

A method for intensifying heat and mass transfer and a device for implementing it (variants) are known (Patent of the Russian Federation for Invention No. 2631120. IPC G21C 1/00 Published: 19.09.2017 Bulletin No. 26) by acting on the mixture with pressure, which is converted into a pulsating unidirectional movement of the mixture by an oscillation excitation generator and directed into a chamber with a steam-gas medium connected to a gas-vacuum system. In this case, a flow of several components of the mixture is not involved in heat and mass transfer, which reduces the quality of obtaining a mixture of several components, and the device has a complex design.

A method of mixing gas with liquid is known (2240178 IPC B01F 3/04, Published: 20.11.2004 Bulletin No. 32) in a jet device, a gas flow is fed into a nozzle, which injects gas through the liquid, the flow is mixed in the chamber of the jet device. In this case, the flow of several components of the mixture is not involved in heat and mass exchange, which reduces the quality of obtaining a mixture of several components, and the device has a complex design.

A method for mixing liquid and gas is known (Patent of the Russian Federation for Invention No. 2104764. IPC B01F 3/04, B05B 7/26. Published: 20.02.1998), in which the liquid or gas is heated, the two-phase flow is mixed through a permeable element, passing it through a nozzle and accelerated, and the excess gas is discharged into the environment to maintain safe pressure. In this case, the flow of several components of the mixture is not involved in heat and mass exchange, which reduces the quality of obtaining a mixture of several components, and the device has a complex design with the release of harmful substances into the atmosphere.

A device is known for aerating liquid (Description of the invention to the USSR Author's Certificate No. 332127, IPC B01F 5/04. Published: 14.03.1970 Bulletin No. 10) by dynamically mixing a gas-liquid mixture with a rotating circular ejector with a shaft formed by plates with a central nozzle for supplying liquid, a disk is fixed between the plates using blades, forming an annular nozzle, the chamber for supplying the medium has radial blades, chambers for steam and for mixing. When the ejector rotates, the radial blades create centrifugal flows, however, this creates a large resistance of the liquid column behind the ejector and does not involve in heat and mass exchange the flow of several components of the mixture located under the disk with the flow above the disk, which reduces the quality of obtaining a mixture of several components, and the device has a complex design.

The known methods involve mainly two components in the flow: liquid and gas, including in a rotary disperser (Patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2156648, IPC B01F 11/02, B01F 7/28, B06B 1/18 Published: 27.09.2000 Bulletin No. 27) by forcibly feeding the gas-liquid mixture through slots, setting the disk with blades into rotation by a separate drive, however, despite the fact that the stator has an additional row of blades, the mixture of liquid and gas located on the other side of the rotor is not involved in the flow under the disk with the flow above the disk, which reduces the quality of mixing during heat and mass transfer, and the device has a complex design.

The production of gaseous and liquid components from one or more multiphase flows is shown in the description of the invention to the Eurasian patent "Method for producing gaseous and liquid components from one or more multiphase flows No. EA 018019 B1 Eurasian Patent Office, IPC 19/00, E21b 43/36, F17D 1/00. Published on 30.04.2013", including passing multiphase flows through pipes to create a flow of gaseous components and one flow of liquid components and passing the first multiphase flow through bypass pipelines, the multiphase flows are passed through gas-liquid separators, and the device contains scrapers that advance the flow through pipes, wherein the multiphase flows of liquid and gas are not involved in heat and mass transfer, which reduces the quality of mixing and heat and mass transfer of the multiphase flow, and the device has a complex design.

A method for flow ejection and a device for its implementation are known (Patent of the Russian Federation for Invention No. 2705695, IPC F04F 5/44, Published: 11.11.2019 Bulletin No. 32), in which the flow is fed under pressure through an active central nozzle directly into a radial-slot gap and several annular rarefaction zones are created in it, into which several flows are sucked through the corresponding annular channels, the flow mixed directly in the radial-slot gap is removed from the radial-slot gap. However, due to the rigid fixation of the disk relative to the plate, the components located under the disk with the flow above the disk are not involved in heat and mass exchange, which reduces the quality of obtaining a mixture of several components.

The closest method of heat and mass exchange of a gas-liquid mixture (Patent of the Russian Federation for Invention No. 2657301, IPC B01D 3/14, Published: 19.06.2018 Bulletin No. 17) is adopted as a prototype, in which the pressure of the gas-liquid mixture through the nozzle of the plate, supplied to the gap between the plate and the disk, the gap between the disk and the plate is changed by the vacuum formed in the first, then in the second and further, in the following annular zones located behind the nozzle of the plate, when the flow in the gap between the disk and the plate flows into the space behind the disk. However, due to the fixation of the disk relative to the plate, more than two components located under the disk with the flow above the disk are not involved in the heat and mass exchange, which reduces the quality of obtaining a mixture of several components.

The analysis of the state of the art has established that there are no known inventions characterized by a set of features identical to all the features of the claimed technical solution. None of the closest known technical solutions provides for an increase in the quality of the preparation of a gas-liquid mixture and the efficiency of mass-exchange processes of absorption, rectification, gas purification, mixing of components and other technological processes, due to the features contained in the proposed method and device, which meets the criteria of "novelty and usefulness".

The results of the search for known technical solutions in this and related fields of technology showed that the distinctive features of the claimed method and its implementation do not follow from the explicitly presented analogs and prototype. The prior art also does not reveal the familiarity of the essential features provided for in the claimed invention and the achievement of the said technical result.

Consequently, the claimed invention meets the patentability requirement of “inventive step”.

The technical result of the invention is an increase in the quality of the preparation of a multi-component mixture by separate feeding of several components directly into the mixing zone during the evaporation of liquid from the surface of the droplets with a decrease in the diameter of the droplets during the production of thin emulsions, suspensions, saturated solutions, homogeneous mixtures, an increase in the efficiency of heat and mass transfer and in other technological processes.

The technical result in implementing the method is achieved by mixing several components in the gap between the plate and the disk while feeding one of the components of the mixture under pressure through the nozzle of the plate into the gap between the plate and the disk and feeding the remaining components of the mixture into the annular rarefaction zones, wherein one of the components of the mixture is fed into each of the rarefaction zones; the disk is rotated by the flow of the multi-component mixture by means of leading blades located on the disk and facing the plate; after exiting the gap between the plate and the disk, the multi-component mixture is turned by means of an overflow ring into the gap between the disk and the overflow ring and is set in rotation in the free space above the disk by means of driven blades located on the side of the disk opposite the plate, the constancy of the rarefaction in the annular rarefaction zones is maintained by changing the gap between the plate and the disk by axial movement of the disk relative to the plate within the gap between the plate and the bearing. The method is implemented as follows:

A flow of the first component of the mixture is fed under pressure into the gap between the plate and the disk through a nozzle; a flow from the second component of the mixture is sucked into the gap into the first annular rarefaction zone, a flow of the third component of the mixture is sucked in by the rarefaction of the second annular zone, a flow of the fourth component of the mixture is sucked in by the rarefaction of the third annular zone, and then, by rarefaction of the following annular zones, flows of the following components are sucked into the gap between the plate and the disk behind the last annular zone to form a multi-component mixture; the flow of the multi-component mixture is used to rotate the disk by means of leading blades located on the disk; after exiting the gap between the plate and the disk, the multi-component mixture is turned into the gap between the disk and the overflow ring by means of the overflow ring and is set in rotation in the free space above the disk by means of driven blades located on the side of the disk opposite the plate, wherein the leading blades of the disk are facing the plate, and the driven blades of the disk are facing the opposite side from the plate.

The constancy of the vacuum in the annular vacuum zones is maintained by changing the gap between the plate and the disk by axially moving the disk relative to the plate within the gap between the plate and the bearing.

In the event of insufficient vacuum in the gap between the plate and the disk for sucking in at least one component of the mixture, the component of the mixture is fed under pressure from the annular container into the annular vacuum zone of the gap between the plate and the disk.

An example of a specific implementation of the device is shown for obtaining a multicomponent mixture during heat and mass transfer, consisting of four components. Description of the drawings.

Fig. 1 Device for obtaining a multi-component mixture during heat and mass transfer with an axial outlet of the multi-component mixture.

Fig. 2 Fragment of a device with axial and radial outlet of a multicomponent mixture.

Fig. 3 View along arrow A in Fig. 1. View from the side of the driven blades of the disk.

Fig. 4 Section along B-B of Fig. 1. View from the side of the leading blades of the disk.

Fig. 5 Section along B-B of Fig. 1. Feeding components into the gap through annular holes - first variant of feeding components.

Fig. 6 Feeding components into the gap through small holes - the second option for feeding components.

Fig. 7 Section along B - B of Fig. 1. Feeding components into the gap through small holes - the second option for feeding components.

In figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 the following designations are used:

The device (Figure 1) contains a plate 1, with an overflow ring 2 and a nozzle 3 with an edge 10, a disk 4, which consists of a blade part 5 with leading blades 6 and driven blades 7. Leading blades 6 are located on the side of plate 1, driven blades 7 are located on the opposite side of the disk relative to plate 1.

Bearing 11 is rigidly attached by strips 12 to overflow ring 2. Disk 4 is mounted on axis 8 with the possibility of rotation. Within axial clearance 13, disk 4 together with guide apparatus 9 and axis 8 is able to move freely relative to plate 2 until it stops against bearing 11. Radial clearance 14 is located between overflow ring 2 and disk 4. Driving blades 6 and driven blades 7 are sunk into blade section 5 of disk 4, as shown in Figure 1. Blades 6 and 7 can be protruding relative to blade section 5, or blades 6 can be protruding and blades 7 can be sunk into blade section 5, or blades 6 can be sunk and blades 7 can be protruding relative to blade section 5. On the opposite side relative to the clearance 13 on the plate 1 annular tanks 21, 23, 25 are installed with the supply of components 22, 24, 26 into the gap 13. In this case, the annular tanks 21, 23, 25 are coaxial with the nozzle 3. The inner edges 32 of the leading blades 6 are located from the axis 8 at a radius R, which does not exceed the largest radius r of the annular zones 15 or 16, or 17, or 18, or 19 in the gap between the plate 1 and the disk 4. The overflow ring 2 along the generatrix can be solid, as shown in Figure 1, and can also have through annular grooves 34 and is fastened to the plate 1 with jumpers 33, as shown in Figure 4. Figure 1 shows that the blades 6 and 7 on the disk 4 are recessed into the blade part of the disk 5, due to which the flow cavitation in the gap 13 and above the disk 4 is reduced, but the effect of forming annular rarefaction zones 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 is increased. Blades 6 and 7 can be protruding above the surface of the blade part 5 of the disk 4, due to which the flow cavitation in the gap 13 and above the disk is increased, but the effect of forming annular rarefaction zones 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 is reduced (not shown in the figures). Blades 6 and 7 relative to the direction of rotation of the disk 4 can be directed in one direction, as shown in figures 3 and 4 by the arrow in direction B, and (or) in different directions relative to the direction of rotation of the disk 4 (not shown in the figures). The value of the axial gap between plate 1 and disk 4 is taken within the range of 1/12÷1/16 relative to the diameter d ₁ of the nozzle 3.

According to the first variant, each of the components of the mixture, sucked into the gap between the plate and the disk into the annular vacuum zone, is fed through an annular opening in the plate from an annular container located in the vacuum zone. As shown in Figures 1 and 5, annular containers 21, 23, 25 are connected to the gap 13 by coaxial nozzle 3 openings 27, 28, 29. The components of the mixture are fed into the gap 13 from annular containers 21, 23, 25 in the following order: from annular container 21 through annular opening 27 within annular zone 15; from annular container 21 through annular opening 28 within annular zone 17; through the annular opening 29 within the annular zone 19. The width of the annular rarefaction zones 15, 17, 19 does not exceed the width of the annular openings 27, 28, 29, that is, b ₁ >a ₁ , b ₂ >a ₂ , b ₃ >a ₃ , as shown in Figures 1 and 5.

According to the second variant, each of the components of the mixture, sucked into the gap between the plate and the disk into the annular vacuum zone, is fed through a row of small openings in the plate from an annular container located in the vacuum zone. As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the annular container 23 is connected to the gap 13 by small openings 35, and the annular container 25 is connected to the gap 13 by small openings 36. Small openings 35, 36 are located coaxially to the nozzle 3, and their diameter does not exceed the width of the annular openings 27, 28, 29, i.e. d ₂ > (a ₁ , a ₂ , a ₃ ), as shown in Figures 1 and 7. The components are fed into the gap 13 from the annular containers 23, 25 in the following order: from the annular container 23 through small openings 35 within the annular zone 17; from the annular container 25 through small openings 36 within the annular zone 19. Considering that the vacuum decreases from the annular zone 15 to the annular zones 17, 19, passing the components from the annular containers 23, 25 through small openings 35, 36 may be preferable than through the annular openings 28, 29 due to the low vacuum in the annular zones 17, 19.

According to the third variant, in the case of insufficient vacuum in the gap between the plate and the disk for sucking in at least one component of the mixture through the annular opening or through a series of small openings in the plate, the component of the mixture from the annular container is fed under pressure into the annular vacuum zone of the gap between the plate and the disk.

Let us consider the operation of the device for implementing the method. The flow of the first component 20 under pressure, passing through the nozzle 3, lifts the disk 4 above the plate 1 until it stops in the bearing 11, breaks away from the edge 10 and is turned by the guide apparatus 9 into the gap 13. According to Bernoulli's law, the increase in the speed of the diverging flow of the first component 20 in the gap 13 forms annular rarefaction zones 15, 17, 19 on the side of the plate 1 and annular rarefaction zones 16, 18 on the side of the disk 4. On the one hand, the rarefaction formed in the annular zones 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 creates a suction force that overcomes the pressure force of the flow of the first component 20 coming out of the nozzle 3, reduces the gap 13 between the disk 4 and the plate 1 until the equilibrium state of the disk 4 in the gap 13 occurs, preventing friction disc 4 between plate 1 and bearing 11. On the other hand, the vacuum in the annular zone 15 sucks component 22 from the annular container 21 through the annular opening 27 into the gap 13. The vacuum in the annular zone 17 sucks component 24 from the annular container 23 through the annular opening 28 into the gap 13. The vacuum in the annular zone 19 sucks component 26 from the annular container 25 through the annular opening 29 into the gap 13. By mixing components 20, 22, 24, 26, a multi-component mixture 30 is formed, which moves in the radial direction along the gap 13 and causes the disk 4 to rotate with the blades 6. Outside the rotating disk 4, the multi-component mixture 30 is deployed by the continuous overflow ring 2, as shown in Figure 1, along the inner surface of the overflow ring 2 and through the gap 14 comes out into the free space above disk 4. In this case, the lighter fractions of mixture 30 rise above overflow ring 2, one part of the heavier fractions of mixture 30 falls onto the surface of the plate outside overflow ring 2, and the other part of them, getting onto rotating disk 4, is sprayed by driven blades 7 into smaller drops until a mist is formed and again mixed with multi-component mixture 30 coming out of gap 14. At a pressure of multi-component mixture 30, for example, up to 0.05 MPa, a decrease in the flow velocity occurs at the outlet of gaps 13 and 14, therefore, solid overflow ring 2 prevents multi-component mixture 30 from getting into annular gap 14 and “flooding” disk 4 with the multi-component mixture, which is on plate 1 behind overflow ring 2. At a pressure of multi-component mixture 30, for example, above 0.05 MPa, part of the multi-component mixture 30, leaving the gap 14, unfolds into the space above the disk 4, the lighter fractions of the mixture 30 rise above the overflow ring 2, one part of the heavier fractions of the mixture 30 falls onto the surface of the plate outside the overflow ring 2, and the other part of them, getting onto the rotating disk 4, is sprayed by the driven blades 7 into smaller drops until a fog is formed and again mixed with the multi-component mixture 30 leaving the gap 14, and the third part of the multi-component mixture 31 outside the overflow ring 2 is distributed over the plate 1, as shown in Figures 2 and 4.

According to the invention, the pressure of the component 20 supplied through the nozzle 3, the multi-component mixture 30 outside the last annular zone 19, or 17, or 15 rotates the disk by means of the leading blades 6 installed on the blade part 15 of the disk 4 in the gap 13, and by means of the driven blades 7 installed on the blade part 15 of the disk 4, increases the intensification of the process of heat and mass exchange of the multi-component mixture 30 in the space above the disk 4.

Thus, the invention improves the quality of preparation of a multi-component mixture by separate feeding of several components directly into the mixing zone during evaporation of liquid from the surface of droplets with a decrease in the diameter of the droplets and is applicable in mixing components, absorption, rectification and purification of gases to obtain fine emulsions, suspensions, saturated solutions, homogeneous mixtures and in other technological processes at atmospheric or elevated pressure.

Claims (9)

1. A method for producing a multi-component mixture during heat and mass transfer by mixing the components in the gap between a plate and a disk and above the disk, by changing the gap between the disk and the plate under the influence of a vacuum formed in the first, then in the second and further, in the following annular zones located behind the nozzle of the plate, characterized in that the multi-component mixture is formed by feeding one of the components of the mixture through the nozzle under pressure into the gap between the plate and the disk and feeding the remaining components of the mixture into the annular vacuum zones, wherein one of the components is fed into each of the vacuum zones, the flow of the multi-component mixture rotates the disk by means of leading blades placed on the disk and facing the plate; after exiting the gap between the plate and the disk, the multi-component mixture is turned into the gap between the disk and the overflow ring by means of the overflow ring and is set in rotation in the free space above the disk by means of driven blades located on the side of the disk opposite the plate; the constancy of the vacuum in the annular vacuum zones is maintained by changing the gap between the plate and the disk by axial movement of the disk relative to the plate within the gap between the plate and the bearing. 2. The method according to item 1, characterized in that in the event of insufficient vacuum in the annular zone for sucking the component into the gap between the plate and the disk, the component is fed into the annular zone of the gap under pressure. 3. A device for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising a plate, a nozzle and a disk installed with a gap and the possibility of free vertical movement relative to the plate, characterized in that annular containers with annular and (or) small openings are located in the plate, from which the components of the mixture are sucked into the gap between the plate and the disk; wherein the annular and (or) small openings are located in annular vacuum zones, and the width of the annular vacuum zones does not exceed the width of the annular or the diameter of the small openings; the disk contains leading blades installed on the side of the plate, and driven blades installed on the disk on the opposite side relative to the plate, the radii of the inner edges of the leading blades from the center of rotation of the disk are made equal to the largest radius of the first annular zone, or the second annular zone, or the following annular zones located in the gap between the plate and the disk, the device additionally contains an overflow ring, which is attached to the plate with jumpers. 4. A device for implementing the method according to paragraph 3, characterized in that the leading and driven blades are made to protrude relative to the disk. 5. A device for implementing the method according to paragraph 3, characterized in that the leading and driven blades are recessed into the disk. 6. A device for implementing the method according to paragraph 3, characterized in that the leading and driven blades can be directed in the same direction as the direction of rotation of the disk or in different directions relative to the direction of rotation of the disk. 7. A device for implementing the method according to paragraph 3, characterized in that the overflow ring is made solid. 8. A device for implementing the method according to paragraph 3, characterized in that in the overflow ring between the jumpers there are through annular grooves for the passage of a multi-component mixture from the gap between the plate and the disk. 9. The device according to item 3, characterized in that the value of the axial gap between the plate and the disk is taken within the range of 1/12÷1/16 relative to the nozzle diameter.